统筹协调 构建统一的测绘与地理信息公共服务体系

全面介绍了浙江省测绘与地理信息局统筹协调全省测绘与地理信息工作,努力建设全省统一的测绘与地理信息公共服务体系,全面提升测绘与地理信息公共服务能力的主要做法。     

数字省区地理空间框架的理解认识与建设

首先综述了数字省区地理空间框架的概念,剖析了其构成,即基础地理信息数据体系、目录与交换体系、公共服务体系、政策法规与标准体系和组织运行体系等五部分,在此基础上提炼并归结为基础地理信息数据库和地理信息公共平台两项任务,接下来阐述了它们的建设内容及流程。     

城区基础地理信息管理系统建设的实践--以潍坊市为例

近年来,随着全国地理信息产业的高速发展,国土部门主持开展的基本比例尺基础地理信息数据采集及数据库建设工作在全国各地相继展开。结合潍坊市实际,对城区基础地理信息数据库建设进行了有益实践,从地理信息数据获取、处理,到数据库建设,总结提出了可行的技术路线和方法,具有实用与借鉴价值。城区基础地理信息数据库的建设,对于提升城市基础地理信息的管理水平,为城市规划、建设与管理提供信息保障服务,可以取得良好的经济与社会效益。     

海水环境下钢筋混凝土人工鱼礁的耐久性寿命预测

根据人工模拟的流动海水环境(流速约为0.15m/s)下的混凝土侵蚀试验测得的混凝土中氯离子质量分数,分别测定了腐蚀350,380,400d后混凝土的氯离子扩散系数,并计算和预测了混凝土人工鱼礁的耐久性寿命。研究结果表明:氯离子在混凝土人工鱼礁中的扩散规律基本上遵循Fick第二定律;钢筋混凝土人工鱼礁的耐久性寿命与保护层厚度的平方成正比;海水盐度对混凝土人工鱼礁的耐久性寿命影响较大。     

利用Yabuki & Matsu'ura反演方法计算 2011年日本东北地区太平洋海域Mw9.0级地震同震滑动分布

Yabuki & Matsu'ura反演方法是利用ABIC最佳模型参数选取方法和平滑的滑动分布作为约束条件,由形变观测数据计算发震断层滑动分布.本文基于日本列岛同震GPS观测数据和发震断层曲面构造模型,利用Yabuki & Matsu'ura反演方法计算2011年日本东北地区太平洋海域M_w9.0级地震的发震断层同震滑动分布.反演结果表明,断层面上的最大滑动量为35 m,较大滑动分布在浅于30 km的震源中心上部,最大破裂集中在20 km深度的地方.其地震矩约为3.63×10²²N·m,对应的矩震级为M_w9.0.模拟结果显示Yabuki & Matsu'ura反演方法更适用于倾角低于40°的断层模型反演.最后,本文基于上述方法获得的发震断层滑动模型,利用地球体位错理论正演计算该地震在中国及其邻区产生的远场形变,正演计算结果基本可以解释由中国GPS陆态网络观测到的同震形变.     

Replication of a terrain stability mapping using an Artificial Neural Network

Subjective geomorphic mapping is a method commonly used for landslide hazard zonation. This method relies heavily on the skills and experience of the mapper, and therefore, its major drawbacks are the high costs and lack of consistency between products generated by different terrain mappers. In this study a method for cost-effective and consistent replication of subjective geomorphic mappings is demonstrated, by using a type of Artificial Neural Network named Learning Vector Quantization. This paper presents a study conducted in the Canadian province of British Columbia employing a high-quality data set. By utilizing Learning Vector Quantization, stable and unstable terrains were delineated with a similarity of approximately 91%, compared to the mapping produced by terrain specialists. Also, in this process, slope, elevation, aspect, and existing geomorphic processes were identified as the terrain attributes that contributed most to the quality of the mapping.     

Integration degree of risk in terms of scene and application

Risk is a scene in the future associated with some adverse incident. Scene means something seen by a viewer, or felt by individuals or various societal groups. Any risk assessment is to model some aspects of the scene for risk. Different aspects for assessment leads to different scene. In this paper, we suggest the integration degree of risk to distinguish characters of risks with respect to the aspects. The total number of factors of a risk system determines the macro degree and the granulation scale for measuring a risk reflects the micro degree. A simple framework depends on the degrees provides an explanation of the integrated risk. The most common model for risk assessment is available for the two-freedom-degree serial risk. A case studying flood risk shows the application to explain what the risk is, where the information is incomplete and we use the information diffusion technique to estimate the risk. Project 40771007 supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China.     

Estimates of lifetimes against pitch angle diffusion

We consider timescales on which particle distributions respond to pitch angle diffusion. On the longest timescale, the distribution decays at a single rate independent of equatorial pitch angle α₀, even though the diffusion coefficient, and the distribution itself, may vary greatly with α₀. We derive a simple integral expression to approximate this decay rate and show that it gives good agreement with the full expression. The roles of both the minimum and loss cone values of the diffusion coefficient are demonstrated and clarified.     

Simulating the dispersal of tephra from the 1991 Pinatubo eruption: Implications for the formation of widespread ash layers

PUFF and HAZMAP, two tephra dispersal models developed for volcanic hazard mitigation, are used to simulate the climatic 1991 eruption of Mt. Pinatubo. PUFF simulations indicate that the majority of ash was advected away from the source at the level of the tropopause (~ 17 km). Several eruptive pulses injected ash and SO₂ gas to higher altitudes (~ 25 km), but these pulses represent only a small fraction (~ 1%) of the total erupted material released during the simulation. Comparison with TOMS images of the SO₂ cloud after 71 and 93 h indicate that the SO₂ gas originated at an altitude of ~ 25 km near the source and descended to an altitude of ~ 22 km as the cloud moved across the Indian Ocean. HAZMAP simulations indicate that the Pinatubo tephra fall deposit in the South China Sea was formed by an eruption cloud with the majority of the ash concentrated at a height of 16–18 km. Results of this study demonstrate that the largest concentration of distal ash was transported at a level significantly below the maximum eruption column height (~ 40 km) and at a level below the calculated height of neutral buoyancy (~ 25 km). Simulations showed that distal ash transport was dominated by atmospheric circulation patterns near the regional tropopause. In contrast, the movement of the SO₂ cloud occurred at higher levels, along slightly different trajectories, and may have resulted from gas/particle segregations that took place during intrusion of the Pinatubo umbrella cloud as it moved away from source.     

黑龙江省气象灾害风险评估与区划

利用黑龙江省74个气象站1971-2005年夏季气温和2004-2007年的农作物受灾面积资料,采用信息扩散理论对黑龙江省低温冷害、干旱和洪涝等主要气象灾害进行了风险评估与区划研究,对干旱和洪涝采用受灾指数评估方法。研究结果表明:黑龙江省低温冷害风险概率主要表现为北部大于南部,一般冷害风险概率表现为西南地区大于全省其它地区,严重冷害风险概率则表现为北部地区最高,中部及东南部地区次之;黑龙江省干旱灾害风险概率西部和北部地区明显高于南部和东部地区;黑龙江省洪涝灾害风险概率则表现为中部地区大于全省其它地区,中部伊春地区为全省洪涝灾害高风险区。