数字遥感技术在土地利用动态监测中的应用概述

对数字遥感技术在土地利用动态监测中的应用进行了简单的论述,介绍了土地利用动态遥感监测的概念、方法、过程以及监测中存在的难点,如数据预处理、监测方法的选择等。强调了今后应加强数字遥感技术在资源和环境管理中的应用研究。     

基于INTERNET的“南京大气科学信息中心”系统的设计与实现

介绍了在Internet环境下,基于Web和数据库技术的“南京大气科学信息中心”系统的设计思想、系统功能设计及实现方法。     

Interpreting Economics,Rhetoric and Sustainable Development: Some implications for policy determination

Many of the controversies about environmental resource use relate to the perceived conflict between economics and conservation. This conflict might have been resolved with general acceptance of the concept of sustainable development, and with a more transparent and honest use of economics terminology. However, interpretation and application of this concept appear to have led to some further conflicts between perceptions of economics and the environment, partly because commerce and development are sometimes portrayed as having the same meaning. Commercial activity resulting from the use of natural resources is often held to promote social good, while conservation of natural resources, many argue, renders the wealth which may be obtained from such resources unavailable. The latter is deemed to be bad for society. However, although in contemporary parlance economics is usually restricted implicitly to issues concerning commerce, finance and profit, economic theory requires the consideration also of intangible values, such as environmental damage. Environmental and other economists have worked hard to stress the importance of non-financial values in economic theory, and to ensure that they are included in economic analysis. However, these latter aspects of economics are not generally known to the wider public, partly because of the tendentious manner in which interested parties often use economics. When positions are argued on the basis of economics, the arguments are frequently expressed in language designed to persuade members of the community that all commercial activity is in the interests of society, while incurring minimal costs. In these circumstances, economics might be viewed as a form of rhetoric. Anyone assessing the merits of such arguments ought to consider carefully what this rhetoric really means. This is especially important in discussions concerning sustainable development, which is understood by some to mean sustainable, or sustained, commerce.     

Exploring Landcare Effectiveness Using Organisational Theory

Landcare is an important example of the potential of state-sponsored participation to establish viable local organisations and contribute to rural development. In this paper, the authors discuss their research using organisational theory to explore Landcare effectiveness. Data were obtained from a mailed survey to Landcare groups in the state of Victoria during 1998. Levels of group activity were used as a surrogate measure of group effectiveness. Groups were ranked according to their level of activity to assess the impact of factors likely to affect group performance, the efficacy of program logic, and the extent groups were contributing to program goals. Survey data suggested key aspects of Landcare Program logic were sound. Examination of the membership and activity profiles of groups suggested 90 per cent of the respondent groups were making a worthwhile contribution to program goals. This research also confirmed the importance of factors identified by others as significant influences on organisational effectiveness: the importance of having clear goals, objectives and plans; resource availability; facilitation by an outside agency; access to a funded group co-ordinator; and communication between stakeholders. Unfortunately, there are critical, ongoing management issues surrounding many of these topics.     

Community,Place and Cyberspace

It is over 30 years since the concept of community without propinquity was first proposed. According to this concept, communities might be spatially far-flung, but nevertheless close-knit, intimate and held together by shared interests and values, rather than by geographical proximity. Although the idea of community without propinquity has been heavily criticised, the advent of advanced telecommunications and the emergence of cyberspace mean that a reappraisal of the concept, and of the changing nature of community generally, is warranted. The paper undertakes such a reappraisal. A review of the literature on cyberspace reveals several reasons why the social effects of advanced telecommunications and the Internet might be less than is sometimes predicted. Setting this discussion in the context of other social science discourses on new urbanism, consumption rather than production as a basis for city life, postmodernism, and 'the third way' in politics, shows that place and local community are, and will continue to be, fundamental to the functioning of society. Cyberspace might have annihilated distance but not place.     

中国环境生态形势的空间分异研究

在国内外环境生态形势研究的基础上,结合我国的环境生态形势特征,构建了我国环境生态形势的评价指标体系,以县域为单位,进行了自然、社会、经济多因素的综合性研究,定量计算出各县环境生态形势指标值,绘制成图,可见,我国危急环境生态形势主要分布在自然地理环境的过渡带和人类生活动的不稳定带上（包括农牧交错带和不同和地政单元的交界地带）,这些地区表现出强裂的界面性和波动性,了解我国环境生态形势的空间分异规律可为区域环境的开发、利用和整治以及制订可持续发展战略提供参考。     

基于CIS的工程移民DSS研究

工程移民指工程建设引起的非自愿的搬迁安置活动,工程移民决策包括规划决策和管理决策,这在国内外都是一个新课题,基于GIS的工程移民DSS是实施科学决策的有效手段,本文对工程移民决策支持的理论、方法进行了探讨,并结合万家寨工程移民决策支持进行了试验。     

土地利用总体规划信息系统的研究

主要研究土地利用总体规划信息系统的设计、实现及相关的一些技术问题．在系统实现上,引入了可视化技术,使系统具有良好的用户界面,且操作简便、直观。     

旅游地安全风险评估模式研究——以国内10条重点探险旅游线路为例

人类社会已经步入“风险社会”时期。为了保障国家、地区及行业的健康发展,国内外许多行业已应用风险管理这一新视角来研究传统的安全及灾害管理问题。旅游地风险是我国旅游业发展的重要障碍性因素,也是近年来国内旅游学研究的重点领域之一。在深入考虑风险评估复杂性和不确定性的基础上,借助于灰色系统理论和风险评估理论,建立了经过层次分析法(AHP)修整后的旅游地安全风险灰色关联评估模式,并以国内10条重点探险旅游线路为例进行了实证研究。结果表明,10条探险旅游线路中雅鲁藏布大峡谷探险的旅游风险最高,泸沽湖女儿国探险线路最小。其他8条旅游线路安全风险的大小,按降位排序为:高黎贡山-怒江探险线路、楼兰古国-罗布泊丝路探险线路、秦岭探险线路、茶马古道探险线路、两江源头科考探险线路、塔克拉玛干沙漠探险线路、三峡徒步线路、大海道穿越线路。     

基于遥感和GIS的城市热场分布规律研究

以气象卫星资料为主要信息源，以陆地卫星TM资料，土地利用专题图件，气象观测资料为辅助信息源，利用GIS空间分析技术，对城市热力分布特征和变化规律进行动态监测和综合分析，同时还对地面亮温和气温的相关模式进行研究和建立，取得了较好的应用效果。