Probability Estimates of Field Areas and Trapped Oil Volumes

A portion of a sedimentary basin is subdivided conceptually into hexagons of equal area. The area of each hexagon is equal to the minimum area an oil field should have to be commercial. Hexagons can be full of oil or empty. A field size 1 consists of a cell with oil surrounded by six empty cells; a field size 2 consists of two adjacent cells with oil surrounded by eight empty cells, etc. Principles of Percolation Theory are used to determine the probability distribution of the areas of the oil fields existing in this portion of the basin. The only piece of information necessary to determine this probability distribution is the Success Ratio (number of successful exploration wells/total number of exploration wells drilled in this portion of the basin). This approach has several practical applications.A probabilistic model is introduced to predict to which extent potential oil traps are filled with oil. The model assumes that the probability that an oil unit will end up in a particular trap, is proportional to the surface area of the trap. The model predicts that independently of the distribution of the trap volumes, there will be a critical trap volume. All the traps having a volume less than this critical volume, will be filled to spill point. An equation is deduced to predict, for all traps having a volume greater than the critical, the volume of oil that can be encountered in the trap, provided the volume of the trap is known.     

面向"数字城市"的遥感信息获取与处理系统

随着数字城市的兴起,城市空间信息的快速获取和处理成为"数字城市"建设的关键内容之一.高分辨率卫星遥感和航空遥感因其分辨率高,在城市空间信息的获取和更新上可以发挥独特的作用. 本文对适应"数字城市"的航空遥感信息模块化获取和高分辨率遥感数据处理技术进行了阐述,并通过机载三维成像仪的数据获取,说明航空遥感在数字城市中的作用.     

Conceptual model for transferring information between small watersheds

Stream and watershed management and restoration can be greatly facilitated through use of physiographic landform classification to organize and communicate natural resource, hazard, and environmental information at a broad scale (1:250,000) as illustrated by the Piedmont and Coastal Plain Provinces in Maryland, or at a small scale (1:24,000) as illustrated using divisions and zones combined with a conceptual model. The conceptual model brings together geology, surficial processes, landforms and land use change information at the small watershed scale and facilitates transfer of information from one small watershed to another with similar geology and landforms. Stream flow, sediment erosion, and water quality illustrate the use of the model.     

ANALYSIS OF CAPITAL FLOW WITH GIS——Two Approaches for Regional Investment in China

GIS technology has been mostly concerned with handling physical data and modeling physical environment. However, the requirements of GIS for handling socio-economic information in many cases are different from those concerning phenomena in the physical environment. Analysis of capital flow among regions requires the transitions both from economic values to physical landscape and from physical surface to economic explanation. Rapid growth of Chinese economy conies mainly from investment. There are two main ways for obtaining high growth of investment. One is government expenditure which usually invests in regional facility and amenity block, which is regarded as stimulus for attracting investment. The other is the creation of investing center and corresponding capital source areas, both of which need the central city with the highest growth rate of investment among regions. This paper presents the cluster areas of both government revenue and total investment, the potential situation of capital flow betwe     

Molecular dynamics study of the α–β transition in quartz: elastic properties, finite size effects, and hysteresis in the local structure

The α–β transition in quartz is investigated by molecular dynamics simulations in the constant stress ensemble. Based on a frequently used two-body interaction potential for silica, it is found that anomalies in the elastic constants are at least in semiquantitative agreement with experiment despite the fact that no anomaly in the c/a ratio is observed in the simulations. A finite-size scaling analysis shows that first-order Landau theory is applicable to the employed model potential surface. This statement also applies to the susceptibility below the transition temperature T _tr, which has not yet been measured experimentally. Examination of the local order near T _tr reveals that the deformation of SiO₄ tetrahedral units is equally large in the β phase as in the α phase. However, large hysteresis effects can be observed in the local structure for distances r > 4 Å. The results are in agreement with the picture of a first-order displacive phase transformation which is driven by the motion of deformed tetrahedral SiO₄ units. Yet, the fast oscillations of oxygen atoms are around (time-dependent) positions that do not correspond to the ideal oxygen positions in β-quartz. The averaged configurations resemble the ideal structure only if averaged over at least a few nanoseconds.     

新时期大都市周边地区城市定位研究--以苏州与上海关系为例

以大都市圈理论、区位理论、比较优势理论和共生理论为基础，从区域分工与协作的角度，探讨了在经济全球不化和市场一体化前景下，大都市上海周边的大城市苏州未来发展的区域空间定位、产业定位和城市特色定位以及实现定位的途径，为长江三角洲都市连绵区诸城市之间的协调发展提供借鉴。     

克鲁格曼的多中心城市空间自组织模型评析

在传统的空间经济格局研究中，以杜能为代表的古曲区位论和以克里斯塔勒与廖什为代表的代近区位论将经济活动所表现出来的规则性视为理所当然的，对于为什么会产生这样的规则性，人们却不得而知，1990年代，新经济地理学的主要代表人物克鲁格曼将对自组织系统的跨学科研究所取得的成果运用于经济学研究之中，建立起多中心城市的空间自组织模型，他以对厂商之间的向心力和离心力及其相互作用的分析为基础，向我们清楚地阐明了经由一只看不见的手形成大范围内的有规则的经济空间格局的内在机理，即“从不稳定产生秩序”的基本原理。     

遥感、地图、地理信息系统—体化应用

遥感、地图和地理信息系统（ＯＩＳ）三者呈“你中有我，我中有你”的相辅相成关系．三者一体化应用使地球科学得以进展，又能在资源开发、环境保护、自然灾害监测评价等方面发挥重要作用．一体化应用的基础是掌握三者的学科一技术特性与相通关系．     

基于“数字福建”的防震减灾信息体系

本文概述了福建省防震减灾信息系统的现状 ,指出在“数字福建”的总体架构下 ,利用“数字福建”丰富的信息资源和新技术、新方法建设防震减灾信息体系 ,可望使福建省防震减灾工作实现质的飞跃。     

网络环境下提高地震科技信息资源开发利用的价值

浅谈在网络环境下地震系统科技信息资源的开发与服务 ,阐明了要实现科技文献资源共享必须通过合作、协调、共同发展 ;并提出网络环境下提高地震科技信息资源开发利用的新举措