A Multi‐Element Ion‐Pair Extraction for Trace Metals Determination in Environmental Samples

A multi‐element ion‐pair extraction method was described for the preconcentration of Cd(II), Co(II), Cr(III), Cu(II), Fe(III), Mn(II), Ni(II), Pb(II), and Zn(II) ions in environmental samples prior to their determinations by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). As an ion‐pair ligand 2‐(4‐methoxybenzoyl)‐N′‐benzylidene‐3‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐3‐oxo‐N‐phenyl‐propono hydrazide (MBMP) was used. Some analytical parameters such as pH of sample solution, amount of MBMP, shaking time, sample volume, and type of counter ion were investigated to establish optimum experimental conditions. No interferences due to major components and some metal ions of the samples were observed. The detection limits of the proposed method were found in the range of 0.33–0.9 µg L^?1 for the analyte ions. Recoveries were found to be higher than 95% and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was less than 4%. The accuracy of the procedure was estimated by analyzing the two certified reference materials, LGC6019 river water and RTC‐CRM044 soil. The developed method was applied to several matrices such as water, hair, and food samples.     

Broadband Analytical Solution to the Scattering of Plane SV Waves by Circular Cylindrical Canyons

Based on Fourier-Bessel series expansion of wave functions,an analytical solution to 2-D scattering ofincident plane SV waves by circular cylindrical canyons with variable depthto-width ratios is deduced in this paper. Unlike other analytical solutions,this paper uses the asymptotic behavior of the cylindrical function to directly define the undetermined coefficients of scattered waves,thus,avoiding solving linear equation systems and the related numerical computation problems under high-frequency incident waves,thereby broadening the applicable frequency range of analytical solutions. Through comparison with existing analytical solutions,the correctness of this solution is demonstrated. Finally, the incident plane SV wave scattering effect under circular cylindrical canyons in wider frequency bands is explored.     

结构-地基体系水平与扭转位移耦合效应研究

采用动力理论对地基-结构非线性相互作用体系的振动方程进行了定性分析.基于多线性随动强化模型,采用非线性有限元法求解了基础和地基土之间的水平刚度与摇摆刚度,建立了结构-地基非线性相互作用体系的力学模型.利用拉格朗日能量法推导了结构水平位移和扭转相耦合的振动方程.采用多尺度法研究了结构-地基相互作用体系的主共振.通过分析不...     

平面不对称结构非弹性地震反应分析的平扭耦联Bouc-Wen模型

综合考虑强度退化、刚度退化、捏拢效应等典型滞回特性的影响,建立了双向地震作用下平面不对称结构非弹性地震动力响应分析的平扭耦联Bouc-Wen模型.该模型采用圆形屈服面来描述双向抗侧恢复力之间的耦合效应,而采用锥体或球体屈服面来描述双向抗侧和抗扭恢复力之间的耦合效应,并结合69条强震记录,定量地分析了平扭耦联效应对平面不...     

福建城乡震灾快速评估系统设计

充分借鉴目前国内外工程地震和震害预测研究成果,结合福建实际震例,利用GIS技术、Web技术,设计开发区域范围震害预测及震灾快速评估系统,即福建城乡震灾快速评估系统.利用该系统平台对1992年以来发生在福建有较大影响的6次中强地震进行震灾快速评估,并将系统评估计算结果与实际震害调查评估结果进行对比分析,给出系统评估结果与...     

Simulation of spatially correlated earthquake ground motions for engineering purposes

A new model to simulate spatially correlated earthquake ground motions is developed. In the model, the main factors that characterize three distinct effects of spatial variability, namely, the incoherency effect, the wave-passage effect and the site-response effect, are taken into account, and corresponding terms/parameters are incorporated into the well known model of uniform ground motions. Some of these terms/parameters can be determined by the root operation, and others can be calculated directly. The proposed model is fi rst verif ied theoretically, and examples of ground motion simulations are provided as a further illustration. It is proven that the ensemble expected value and the ensemble auto-/cross-spectral density functions of the simulated ground motions are identical to the target spectral density functions. The proposed model can also be used to simulate other correlated stochastic processes, such as wave and wind loads.     

黄土高原山地城市延安的热岛效应

利用延安城市站与延长农村站1969—2008年气温资料,分析了热岛效应对延安气温的影响。结果表明:延安城市发展对年平均气温的影响可分为三个阶段,1992年以前,延安站温度未受影响,1993—2002年,城市影响较轻,年平均气温的热岛效应增温贡献率为38.1%,2003年以后,热岛效应明显,增温在1℃以上,与大城市的热岛增温接近。热岛效应增温对四季温度的影响基本一致,热岛效应增温与自然增温贡献率相等。城市热岛效应对最低气温的影响开始时间早,影响程度高,对年平均最高气温基本无影响。受热岛效应影响,不但提高了城市的温度同时也改变城市的增温率,使得城市气温增温率加大。     

Modeling of the Second Indirect Effect of Anthropogenic Aerosols in East Asia

This study investigated the second indirect climatic effect of anthropogenic aerosols,including sulfate,organic carbon(OC) ,and black carbon(BC) ,over East Asia.The seasonal variation of the climatic response to the second indirect effect was also characterized.The simulation period for this study was 2006.Due to a decrease in autoconversion rate from cloud water to rain as a result of aerosols,the cloud liquid water path(LWP) ,and radiative flux(RF) at the top of the atmosphere(TOA) changed dramatically,increasing by 14.3 g m-2 and decreasing by-4.1 W m-2 in terms of domain and annual average.Both LWP and RF changed most in autumn. There were strong decreases in ground temperature in Southwest China,the middle reaches of the Yangtze River in spring and autumn,while maximum cooling of up to-1.5 K occurred in the Chongqing district.The regional and annual mean change in ground temperature reached-0.2 K over eastern China.In all seasons except summer,precipitation generally decreased in most areas north of the Yangtze River,whereas precipitation changed little in South China.Precipitation changed most in summer,with alternating bands of increasing(～40 mm) and decreasing(～40 mm) precipitation appearing in eastern China.Precipitation decreased by 1.5-40 mm over large areas of Northeast China and the Huabei Plain.The domain and annual mean change in precipitation was approximately-0.3 mm over eastern China.The maximum reduction in precipitation occurred in summer,with mean absolute and relative changes of-1.2 mm and-3.8%over eastern China.This study revealed considerable climate responses to the second indirect effect of aerosols over specific regions of China.     

渭河盆地中土层场地对地震动的放大作用

土层场地对地震动的影响较大,建(构)筑物的选址及其抗震设防必须考虑土层场地的放大作用,以避免或减轻其震害.汶川地震中,布设在渭河盆地中的数字强震动台网共有27个台站(包括2个基岩台站和25个土层台站)获得良好的主震加速度时程.利用这些加速度时程,选择汤峪台做为参考场地,基于考虑几何衰减的传统谱比法分析研究了25个土层场...     

中国区域蒸发潜力不均性发展趋势及其气候成因分析

气象台站20 cm蒸发皿观测资料自然正交分解显示,1980～2000年中国区域气温显著增加期间,长江中游至河套、东北等区域地表年蒸发潜力呈增加趋势;相反在长江以南、东部和西南等地区年蒸发潜力呈下降趋势.辐射观测资料分析结果表明,自20世纪70年代中国区域太阳入射能整体呈下降趋势,因此对于蒸发潜力增加的地区,太阳辐射产生...