西部地区生态状况变化及生态系统服务权衡与协同

西部大开发战略实施20年以来,一系列重大生态建设工程使得西部地区的生态状况和生态服务发生了重要变化,本文分析西部地区生态状况变化及其生态服务时空变化特征,并运用相关分析法研究其服务功能权衡协同关系。研究发现西部地区2000—2019年间：① 聚落和湿地生态系统面积显著增加,草地有逐年下降趋势。② 植被覆盖度呈波动上升趋势,存在年际差异且空间差异较大。③ 水源涵养服务有轻微下降趋势,下降区域主要分布在藏东南地区、三江源西部地区、喀斯特石漠化地区等;土壤保持服务波动中呈上升趋势,上升区域主要黄土高原地区、川滇西部地区、藏西北地区、藏东南地区等;防风固沙服务呈下降趋势,大幅下降区域主要位于内蒙古中西部地区、西藏和北疆部分地区。④ 生态系统供给与水源涵养、土壤保持主要为协同关系,与防风固沙主要为权衡关系且分布在农牧交错带地区。⑤ 生态工程区内生态系统服务协同程度大于非工程区。定量评估生态系统服务变化及其权衡协同关系有助于进行科学化生态管理,最大化生态效益。     

论大渤海地区整体开发的战略重点

大渤海地区整体开发的战略重点包括：产业布局重点向滨海地带推进，逐步将大渤海地区滨海地带建成我国对外经济技术交流与合作的前沿阵地和具有强大经济实力的密集产业圈；加速发展第三产业、高新技术产业和机电、轻纺工业，推动大渤海地区产业结构高层次化。     

建设新农村背景下江苏城镇化用地浅析

温家宝总理说过“土地是中华民族的生命线”，用地问题人们一直在密切关注着。江苏省在城镇化发展过程中已经积累了土地节约利用、优化布局等土地利用经验，但是目前江苏省在建设新农村背景下城镇发展过程中土地利用方面存在的小城镇建设用地秩序紊乱，园区建设规划不科学，基建用地量不断增加，征地成本偏低农民利益受损等一系列问题，由此提出创新优化调整园区建设用地，挖掘现有建设用地的空间，城镇化用地和农村用地相协调匹配，借用市场力量抑止土地浪费，清查整顿城镇发展而超标的土地等浅薄建议。     

Empowering Freetown’s women farmers

In Freetown, the capital city of Sierra Leone, rapid urbanisation combined with the lingering impacts of the devastating decade long civil war (1991–2002), has left large portions of the population without reliable work or income. One response to this has been an increase in urban and peri-urban agriculture (UPA) which provides participants with employment, income and food security. According to local government estimates, women comprise around 80% of Freetown’s UPA community, and many women rely totally on UPA as a livelihood strategy to feed and support their households. This article focuses on the experiences of these women farmers, and in doing so sheds new light on their vital contribution to Freetown’s growing UPA community who are not thus far represented in published literature. Globally, women are also underrepresented in UPA literature, and as a result their distinct challenges are not well understood. Reporting on field-based research, this article identifies challenges facing Freetown’s women farmers, including land tenure, access to clean water, limited capital for purchasing tools, fertilisers, and pesticides, and difficult relationships with government, NGOs, and other farmers. The manner in which these challenges manifest themselves in relation to women farmers, as distinct from their male counterparts, are identified, and opportunities for Freetown’s UPA community to support and empower women farmers will be highlighted.     

“中国西部开发战略图解”的分析

本文重点分析了《中国西部开发战略图解》的5幅地图,从环境人口负荷、水资源/水源保护、生态景观区划与环境退化评价、山地垂直结构和城镇化与经济发展等方面,在宏观层次上从自然和社会经济角度,运用现代地学信息图谱的理论与方法,对西部开发现状及开发前景做了定性与定量的综合评价,为贯彻可持续发展战略,切实保护生态环境,落实退耕还林政策提供一些依据。并对“地学信息图谱”的方法进行了探索研究,力求简化复杂系统的图形表达,在发展过程中不断为读者提供一些一目了然、具有不同尺度的可视化图形、空间分析结果和解决方案,为西部现代化提供信息服务。     

Variegated transnational partnerships: Multi-scalar actor networks in China’s overseas industrial parks

The development of overseas industrial parks is a key component of the Belt and Road Initiative and a practical way of promoting inclusive globalization by introducing new forms of cooperation between China and the host countries.In this paper,the Thai-Chinese Rayong Industrial Zone(TCRIZ),and the China-Indonesia Economic and Trade Cooperation Zone(KITIC)are discussed in the context of the evolving development strategies and tra-jectories through three interrelated conceptual lenses-policy mobility,actor networks,and partnerships.The actor-network theory provides a lens to analyze how policy mobility and partnerships develop for two industrial zone case studies.The development,which involves a multi-scalar process,is shaped by the interactions among the national states,the regional governments and corporations against a background of globalization.Three types of trans-national actor partnership networks have been identified,namely,hierarchical partnership,spontaneous partnership,and hybrid partnership.A highlight of the study is the role that the partnerships play in the process of policy mobility when it comes to the overseas industrial zones.It is argued that the partnerships are the key to achieving technology transfer on a cross-national basis,and the effectiveness of the technology transfer is dependent on partner selection and the roles of the actors in policy mobility.     

长三角工业区夏季近地层臭氧和颗粒物污染相互关系研究

利用2013年5月15日到8月31日南京江北工业区（长三角典型工业区）同步的观测资料分析了近地层臭氧（O₃）和细颗粒物（PM_2.5）、气溶胶光学厚度（AOD）的变化特征及相互间的关系,并结合光化学箱模式分析了AOD对近地层O₃生成的影响。结果表明,观测期间PM_2.5平均质量浓度为56.2±20.1 μg m-3;AOD（500 nm）均值为1.4±0.9;波长指数α（440~870 nm）均值为1.0±0.3。PM_2.5质量浓度24 h均值超国家二级标准20.2%,超标时AOD均值增加14.7%,α平均值增加23.9%,O₃体积分数均值减少12.3%。O₃超国家二级标准10.1%,超标时段AOD增加34.9%,α变化不显著。高温低湿条件下,O₃日变化峰值（y）和PM_2.5质量浓度（x）存在较高的线性相关。相对湿度＜60%时,两者拟合曲线为y＝0.97x+43.96（拟合度R2=0.60）,温度＞32°C时,两者拟合方程为y＝1.24x+30.61（R2＝0.64）。夏季长三角工业区呈现高浓度O₃与高浓度PM_2.5叠加的大气复合污染。O₃日变化峰值和AOD变化呈显著负相关。模拟结果显示,O₃日变化峰值（y）和AOD（x）呈现极高的负相关[y＝－34.28x+181.62,R2 = 0.93或y＝220.62·exp (－x/3.17)－19.50,R2＝0.99]。     

铀离子选择性电极的研制及其在溶浸工作中的应用

本文详细介绍了一种新的铀离子选择性电极的研制过程。电极由三辛胺萃取ＵＯ２（ＳＯ４）４－３形成的三辛胺－ＵＯ２（ＳＯ４）３离子缔合物为电活性物质,以三辛胺为离子交换剂构成。其结构简单,在铀含量为５×１０－５－１×１０－２ｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１范围内有良好的线性关系,响应斜率接近Ｎｅｒｎｓｔ理论值。本电极已初步应用于溶浸液中铀含量的测定     

粤西海洋资源开发及产业化战略构想

漫长的海岸带 ,丰富的海洋国土资源是粤西地区缓解人地矛盾、实施可持续发展战略的重要保证。在现有开发程度低、资源潜力大的情况下 ,借助于科技兴海战略完全可以实现资源产业化目标。海洋开发战略应坚持四个原则 ,即海陆一体化渐次开发原则、适度超前快速开发原则、集约性开发原则和协调发展原则。本文还对海洋支柱产业的优选、培植措施和海洋经济地理研究若干问题进行了探讨。