Conservation and community in the new South Africa: A case study of the Mahushe Shongwe Game Reserve

The idealization of natural landscapes and peoples during colonialism, coupled with the popularity of sustainable development in the postcolonial era, has contributed to the expansion of conservation planning throughout the African continent. Concerns surrounding the promotion of national and international conservation agendas at the expense of local livelihood needs have generated interest in community conservation projects that attempt to include local participation and knowledge in natural resource management. The early excitement associated with community conservation has waned in light of recent assessments that it has been unsuccessful in meeting its ecological and social goals. This parallels other research that suggests communities are understood in generic or homogenous ways that influence how these initiatives are understood. Using a case study of the Mahushe Shongwe Game Reserve, this paper evaluates how rural households access environmental and economic resources to produce livelihoods, and how these access patterns impact their views of the project. It is argued that there are significant livelihood variations within the community that shape the ways households engage with, and benefit from, conservation planning. Rather than strictly viewing Mahushe Shongwe as a constraint to environmental resource access or site for limited employment, community members identify a number of benefits from its existence including education and development opportunities. Additionally, transformations in governance systems in the region impact community views of the project since younger residents are less likely to engage with the Matsamo Tribal Authority, which participates in managing the reserve. The consequence is that conservation has various impacts and meanings within a specific community that remain tied to the livelihood and governance systems being renegotiated in the post-apartheid era.     

鄂尔多斯盆地南部延长组长7油组页岩层系天然裂缝发育特征及主控因素

利用地表露头、岩心、薄片和测井资料,对鄂尔多斯盆地南部长7油层组陆相页岩层系天然裂缝的成因类型、发育特征和主控因素进行研究。按地质成因,鄂尔多斯盆地南部长7油层组页岩层系的天然裂缝可以分为构造裂缝和成岩裂缝两大类,其中构造裂缝主要包括剪切裂缝和张性裂缝;成岩裂缝主要包括层理缝、页理缝和收缩裂缝。不同岩性中的天然裂缝发育情况明显不同,致密砂岩中以构造裂缝为主,层理缝仅在粉砂岩和局部细砂岩中发育;页岩和凝灰岩中页理缝、层理缝和构造裂缝均比较发育。不同类型的天然裂缝主控因素明显不同,构造裂缝的发育主要受岩性和岩石力学层层厚控制;砂岩中层理缝的发育主要受碳质纹层、粘土矿物转化程度等因素控制;凝灰岩中层理缝的发育主要受刚性玻屑脱玻化作用的控制;页岩中页理缝的发育主要受纹层、TOC含量和黄铁矿含量的控制。     

Gender equality and poverty in Ghana: implications for poverty reduction strategies

Poverty trends in Ghana show a decline over the last two decades. However, the period also shows evidence of the intensification of vulnerability and exclusion among some groups, including women. Among several variables accounting for women’s vulnerability to poverty are gender inequalities, which it is argued, undermines development and the prospects for improving standards of living. Therefore it has been suggested that policies, which aim at reducing poverty and promoting sustainable development must integrate gender equality, equity and women’s empowerment in its goals. Despite these, the interconnections between a reduction in gender inequality and a reduction in poverty are complex. The paper explores the gender dimensions of poverty in Ghana, and how gender inequalities are manifested and implicated in the reproduction of poverty. It also assesses the extent to which these have been taken into account in poverty reduction strategies and policies to enhance the situation of women. It concludes that if strategies to engender poverty reduction programmes are to be sustainable it is important to recognize unequal gender relations and the structures of power that women confront at all levels in Ghana and how these increase women’s vulnerability to poverty.     

浏阳市旅游资源概况及其开发建议

本文介绍了注浏阳市主要的旅游资源，并对境内旅游资源开发的优势条件进行了分析，在此基础上提出了开发的建议。     

表外矿石利用途径

近年来江西德兴、永平、武山铜矿开展了表外矿石回收利用的研究工作,总结了三种利用表外矿石的途径,（１）调整采矿指标,充分利用表外矿石的范围,（２）合理搭配矿石,综合回收表外矿石的有用组份,（３）结合市场动态,经济合理地改进开采计划和采用有效的采矿方法等实践证明其方法是可行的,既可充分合理利用资源,又可提高经济效益     

泰安市地下水开发利用中的水环境问题及对策

以泰安市为例,论述了地下水开发利用中出现的区域地下水位下降、地下水资源衰竭、地下水水质恶化、地面沉降、地面裂缝和地面塌陷等水环境问题,并提出了保护对策与建议.     

云南矿山深部找矿新突破及启示

会泽超大型富锗铅锌矿、澜沧老厂大—超大型银铅多金属矿床和保山金厂河航磁异常深部找矿,先后取得重大突破,推动云南新一轮新、老矿山和磁异常区深部找矿积极性。建议禄丰中兴井125#—元谋甘泉村航磁异常、巧家药山航磁异常与石屏龙潭含多金属铁帽等的深部找矿应及早提上议事日程。     

Interviewing landed elites in post-war Guatemala

This essay explores the methodological challenges of conducting ethnographic research among economic and managerial elites in Guatemala’s landed sector during the country’s post-war transition. Guatemala’s 34-year civil war ended with peace accords in 1996. From the mid 1990s through 2001, I conducted interviews with leading representatives of the private sector in Guatemala, including the owners and top managers of the country’s sugar plantations. The Guatemalan sugar elite describes itself as the new face of the private sector in Central America, implementing “corporate social responsibility” programs linked to the World Bank and other international agencies. Questions of access and interview dynamics are often discussed in relation to qualitative research on “elites.” Yet, I found the interview process to be less complicated than I anticipated. Of greater concern were the problems of research dissemination and praxis. The experience discussed here raises questions about whether research on particular elite groups can be sustained over long periods of time.     

我国地理科学跨世纪发展的五点意见

今后20年是我国地理科学跨世纪发展的奠基期和开拓期。就端正学科发展认识、建立地理科学体系、加强系统分析能力、巩固城市—区域发展研究领域和地理学工作者本身的调整等五个方面的问题发表了意见。     

云南地热资源及其开发前景

云南地热异常多且显著。滇西高温水热活动区是藏滇水热带的南延，滇东断陷盆地中低温水热活动区的形成得益于独特的地质结构，滇西、滇南花岗岩地热系统则主要吸收地层中K^40同位索放射热而成。开发前景极为广阔。