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1.
介绍一种自行设计和加工的直接雾化石墨炉进样装置的结构、工作原理和操作方法。该装置由微机控制与石墨炉加热程序同步工作,可以实现自动控制和自动测量。对雾化进样石墨炉分析的仪器参数和实验条件进行了研究和选择。结果表明,该装置与石墨炉结合具有自动化程度高、重现性好、样品利用率高和分析速度快等特点。 相似文献
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电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法同时测定玻璃中铝钙铁钾镁钠钛硫 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
通过选择分析谱线、处理样品方法和消除干扰因素等实验,建立了电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法同时测定玻璃中的Al2O3、CaO、Fe2O3、K2O、MgO、Na2O、TiO2和SO3的方法,克服了利用常规化学法测定玻璃中各氧化物步骤繁琐、耗时长、工作量大的不足。方法的回收率为95.0%~103.0%,精密度(RSD,n=10)为0.20%~1.72%。方法具有快速、简便、线性范围宽等优点,分析误差满足常规化学分析法的要求。用于钠钙硅玻璃及其制品的分析,结果令人满意。 相似文献
3.
氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法直接测定地球化学样品中痕量碲 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
采用硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸溶解样品,以Fe3+作减缓剂,不需分离富集,用氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法直接测定地球化学样品中痕量碲。对测定介质、KBH4浓度、铁盐的作用等条件进行试验。方法检出限为0.0031μg/g,精密度(RSD,n=11)<6.10%。方法用于国家一级地球化学标准物质中痕量碲的测定,结果与标准值一致。 相似文献
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碱消解-高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定生物样品中的甲基汞和乙基汞 总被引:7,自引:2,他引:5
建立了碱消解-高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱联用系统测定生物样品中甲基汞(MeHg)与乙基汞(EtHg)的分析方法。为提高灵敏度,选用微流量的PFA雾化器,在优化的检测条件下,MeHg及EtHg检出限可达到0.036μg/L和0.03μg/L;线性范围达到4个数量级,两条工作曲线线性相关系数为1。对1.78μg/L MeHg、1.65μg/L EtHg的混合标准溶液重复测定7次,色谱峰面积的相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为1.79%和1.44%。对标准物质BCR 464(金枪鱼)的分析结果表明,测定值与标准值基本吻合,但略低于标准值;甲基汞和乙基汞的加标回收率分别为85.9%和84.5%。高效液相色谱与质谱联用技术的高灵敏度和低检出限能够满足生物样品中汞形态定量分析的要求。 相似文献
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Paul R. Craddock Olivier J. Rouxel Lary A. Ball Wolfgang Bach 《Chemical Geology》2008,253(3-4):102-113
We have developed a technique for the accurate and precise determination of 34S/32S isotope ratios (δ34S) in sulfur-bearing minerals using solution and laser ablation multiple-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS). We have examined and determined rigorous corrections for analytical difficulties such as instrumental mass bias, unresolved isobaric interferences, blanks, and laser ablation- and matrix-induced isotopic fractionation. Use of high resolution sector-field mass spectrometry removes major isobaric interferences from O2+. Standard-sample bracketing is used to correct for the instrumental mass bias of unknown samples. Background on sulfur masses arising from memory effects and residual oxygen-tailing are typically minor (< 0.2‰, within analytical error), and are mathematically removed by on-peak zero subtraction and by bracketing of samples with standards determined at the same signal intensity (within 20%). Matrix effects are significant (up to 0.7‰) for matrix compositions relevant to many natural sulfur-bearing minerals. For solution analysis, sulfur isotope compositions are best determined using purified (matrix-clean) sulfur standards and sample solutions using the chemical purification protocol we present. For in situ analysis, where the complex matrix cannot be removed prior to analysis, appropriately matrix-matching standards and samples removes matrix artifacts and yields sulfur isotope ratios consistent with conventional techniques using matrix-clean analytes. Our method enables solid samples to be calibrated against aqueous standards; a consideration that is important when certified, isotopically-homogeneous and appropriately matrix-matched solid standards do not exist. Further, bulk and in situ analyses can be performed interchangeably in a single analytical session because the instrumental setup is identical for both. We validated the robustness of our analytical method through multiple isotope analyses of a range of reference materials and have compared these with isotope ratios determined using independent techniques. Long-term reproducibility of S isotope compositions is typically 0.20‰ and 0.45‰ (2σ) for solution and laser analysis, respectively. Our method affords the opportunity to make accurate and relatively precise S isotope measurement for a wide range of sulfur-bearing materials, and is particularly appropriate for geologic samples with complex matrix and for which high-resolution in situ analysis is critical. 相似文献
9.
Gamma activity from the naturally occurring radionuclides namely, 226Ra, 232Th, the primordial radionuclide 40K was measured in the soil of Cuihua Mountain National Geological Park, China using γ-ray spectrometry technique. The mean
activity of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K were found to be 27.2 ± 6.5, 43.9 ± 6.2 and 653.1 ± 127.6 Bq kg−1, respectively. The concentrations of these radionuclides were compared with the typical world values and the average activities
of Chinese soil. The radium equivalent activity, the air absorbed dose rate, the annual effective dose rate, and the external
hazard index were evaluated and compared with the internationally approved values. All the soil samples have Raeq lower than the limit of 370 Bq kg−1 and H
ex less than unity. The overall mean outdoor terrestrial gamma dose rate is 66.3 nGy h−1 and the corresponding outdoor annual effective dose is 0.081 mSv. 相似文献
10.
Models of natural and human dynamics in forest landscapes: Cross-site and cross-cultural synthesis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Miguel F. Acevedo J. Baird Callicott Donald Lyons Judith Rosales Magdiel Ablan Giorgio Tonella Emilio Vilanova 《Geoforum》2008,39(2):846-866
We synthesize the study of coupled natural and human systems across sites and cultures through a process of simplification and abstraction based on multiple dimensions of human-nature connectedness: satisfaction of basic needs, psycho-cultural connectedness and regulation of use of natural resources. We thus provide both a place-based and general understanding of value-driven anthropogenic environmental change and response. Two questions guide this research: what are the crucial stakeholder values that drive land use decisions and thus land cover change? And how can knowledge of these values be used to make decisions and policies that sustain both the human and natural systems in a place? To explore these questions we build simulation models of four study sites, two in the State of Texas, United States, and two in Venezuela. All include protected areas, though they differ in the specifics of vegetation and land use. In the Texas sites, relatively affluent individuals are legally converting forests to residential, commercial, and industrial uses, while in Venezuela landless settlers are extra-legally converting forests for purposes of subsistence agriculture. Contemporary modeling techniques now facilitate simulations of stakeholder and ecosystem dynamics revealing emergent patterns. Such coupled human and natural systems are currently recognized as a form of biocomplexity. Our modeling framework is flexible enough to allow adaptation to each of the study sites, capturing the essential features of the respective natural and anthropogenic land use changes and stakeholder reactions. The interactions between human stakeholders are simulated using multi-agent models that act on forest landscape models, and receive feedback of the effects of these actions on ecological habitats and hydrological response. The multi-agent models employ a formal logic-based method for the Venezuelan sites and a decision analysis approach using multi-attribute utility functions for the Texas sites, differing more in style and emphasis than in substance. Our natural-systems models are generic and can be tailored according to site-specific conditions. Similar models of tree growth and patch transitions are used for all the study sites and the differing responses to environmental variables are specified for each local species and terrain conditions. 相似文献