桂北摩天岭和元宝山花岗岩类岩石地球化学及成因研究

桂北摩天岭和元宝山地区广泛发育花岗岩类岩石.岩石地球化学研究表明,该区花岗岩类岩石具有相对富硅、钾,贫钠、钙,富集轻稀土以及Ba、Sr、Eu亏损的特征.岩石属于碱性-钙碱性高钾花岗岩,其分离结晶作用强烈,是岩浆演化至晚阶段的产物.对岩石的成因分析表明,该区花岗岩类岩石是在扬子板块与华夏板块以及个别小型岛弧地体的碰撞造山作用下形成的后造山花岗岩类.     

鲁东文登地区文登型(超单元)花岗岩体的SHRIMP锆石年代学

文登岩体主要岩性为不同粒度的二长花岗岩,原划为三叠纪。根据新测的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄为(167±3)Ma,(167±2)Ma,(157.1±1.4)Ma,结合野外接触关系改划为侏罗纪。文登花岗岩体属侏罗纪钙碱系列的侵入体,主要显示长英质陆壳深熔花岗岩的特征。推断其形成于中下地壳深度,可能来源于加厚陆壳的部分熔融,是加厚下地壳的拆沉作用的产物,而且可能标志着中国东部岩石圈减薄的开始。     

大悟杂岩的形成和抬升时代及其地质意义

大悟杂岩位于大别山西段,主体为花岗质片麻岩。为了限定其形成与变形过程,本文综合运用锆石U-Pb法和白云母~(40) Ar/~(39) Ar法进行年代学研究。锆石U-Pb LA-ICP-MS法对这些花岗质片麻岩定年结果显示:锆石的Th/U值为0.79~4.29,属于典型的岩浆锆石特征;206Pb/238 U的加权平均年龄为(810±63)Ma(n=12,MSWD=0.021),代表这些花岗质片麻岩的形成时代。大悟杂岩核部花岗质片麻岩的白云母坪年龄为(210.5±1.4)Ma,相应的等时线年龄为(211.6±2.5)Ma。这些新的研究结果支持以下两点认识:大悟杂岩中的花岗质片麻岩形成于新元古代,而不是白垩纪;这些前寒武纪岩石的构造抬升过程发生在三叠纪晚期(211 Ma)。由于西大别晚三叠世构造与高压—超高压变质岩的出露过程有关,因此,大悟杂岩的变形与高压—超高压变质岩的抬升之间的关系就成为一个耐人寻味的科学问题。同时,由于大悟杂岩中的多数构造面理和线理形成于区域高压—超高压变质作用之后,据此推断西大别三叠纪晚期的变形发生在造山晚期-后造山背景下,伴随着地壳和岩石圈的大规模伸展与减薄。     

北武夷资溪-光泽岩体锆石U-Pb年代学——对确定华南内陆印支期岩浆活动时空分布与形成环境的意义

通过对北武夷地区资溪-光泽杂岩体LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年分析,获得资溪岩体的年龄为236~238 Ma。结合收集的华南内陆地区已有的印支期岩浆岩的年龄资料,观察其年龄在SE-NW向和SW-NE向的时空变化情况,发现华南内陆印支期岩浆岩年龄分布具有从东南沿海到北西内陆地区呈逐渐年轻的趋势,而在大致沿武夷山走向的南西到北东方向上呈宽阔的近水平的线性分布趋势。印支期沿海岩浆弧在~260 Ma消失20 Ma之后,~240 Ma在距离海沟大约400~500 km的武夷山地区大规模出现,是水平俯冲造成的华南内陆新生岩浆弧形成,类似于新生代北美拉拉米造山和墨西哥中部的水平俯冲情况。由于加厚的中、下地壳温度较高,少量水平俯冲前端脱水形成的地幔岩浆侵入中、下地壳,带来的热很容易造成中、下地壳物质发生部分熔融,形成北武夷地区大量印支期花岗质岩浆岩。     

桐柏-大别造山带高压变质单元面理化(含榴)花岗岩地球化学及其对岩石成因的限制

桐柏-大别造山带中,面理化(含榴)花岗岩作为榴辉岩的重要围岩之一,仅分布在高压变质单元和超高压变质单元中.对高压变质单元中面理化(含榴)花岗岩进行了元素地球化学研究,结果显示,这类岩石 SiO2 71.96%～ 77.99%, K2O Na2O 7.59%～8.66%, Al2O3 11.15%～14.50%, CaO 0.10%～0.91%, MgO0.04%～0.73%,Sr 27.3～269 μ g/g,A/CNK 0.97～1.10.相对于 S型和 I型花岗岩,面理化(含榴)花岗岩具有某些 A型花岗岩的地球化学特征,如岩石明显富硅、富碱质和富高场强元素(如 Zr、Hf、Nb、Ta、Y等),贫 Ca、Mg、Al、Sr等元素,高 Ga/Al比值;在稀土元素特征方面,大部分样品具有明显的 Eu负异常(Eu/Eu0.06～0.60),(La/Yb)N 2.34～7.87.在岩石成因类型元素判别图解上,面理化(含榴)花岗岩主要落于 A型花岗岩区;构造判别图解和构造学、岩石学特征表明该类花岗岩形成于碰撞后的构造环境.因此,高压变质单元面理化(含榴)花岗岩总体地球化学特征表明它们属于 A型花岗岩类,形成于岩石圈伸展的碰撞后构造环境,与大别山超高压 /高压变质岩的折返过程存在密切联系.     

Geochemistry of granitic aplite-pegmatite dykes and sills and their minerals from the Gravanho-Gouveia area in Central Portugal

Two distinct series of Variscan granitic rocks have been distinguished in the Gravanho-Gouveia area of Portugal, based on field work, variation diagrams for major and trace elements, rare earth patterns and δ¹⁸O versus total FeO diagram of rocks, anorthite content of plagioclase, BaO and P₂O₅ contents of feldspars and Al^VI versus Fe²⁺ diagram for magmatic muscovite. One series consists of a late-orogenic porphyritic biotite > muscovite granite (G1), less evolved beryl-columbite pegmatites and more evolved beryl-columbite pegmatites showing gradational contacts. The other series consists of post-orogenic porphyritic muscovite > biotite granodiorite to granite (G2), slightly porphyritic muscovite > biotite granite (G3) and lepidolite pegmatites. In each series, pegmatites are derived from the parent granite magma by fractional crystallization of quartz, plagioclase, K-feldspar, biotite and ilmenite. Some metasomatic effects occur like muscovite replacing feldspars, chlorite in pegmatites of the first series and a late muscovite in pegmatites of the second series, probably due to hydrothermal fluids. The lepidolite pegmatites contain cassiterite and two generations of rutile. The first magmatic generation consists of homogeneous crystals and the second generation occurs as heterogeneous zoned crystals derived from hydrothermal fluids. The beryl-columbite pegmatites and lepidolite pegmatites also contain the first magmatic generation and the late hydrothermal generation of zoned columbite-group minerals. More evolved beryl-columbite pegmatites were converted into episyenite by intense hydrothermal alteration and regional circulation of fluids in the granitic rocks.     

Chronological Constraints on Late Paleozoic Collision in the Southwest Tianshan Orogenic Belt,China: Evidence from the Baleigong Granites

The Baleigong granites, located in the western part of the southwestern Tianshan Orogen(Kokshanyan region, China), records late Paleozoic magmatism during the late stages of convergence between the Tarim Block and the Central Tianshan Arc Terrane. We performed a detailed geochronological and geochemical study of the Baleigong granites to better constrain the nature of collisional processes in the Southwest Tianshan Orogen. The LA-ICP-MS U-Pb zircon isotopic analyses indicate that magmatism commenced in the early Permian(～282 Ma). The granite samples, which are characterized by high contents of SiO_2(67.68–69.77 wt%) and Al_2O_3(13.93–14.76 wt%), are alkali-rich and Mg-poor, corresponding to the high-K calc-alkaline series. The aluminum saturation index(A/CNK) ranges from 0.93 to 1.02, indicating a metaluminous to slightly peraluminous composition. Trace element geochemistry shows depletions in Nb, Ta, and Ti, a moderately negative Eu anomaly(δEu=0.40–0.56), enrichment in LREE, and depletion in HREE((La/Yb)_N=7.46–11.78). These geochemical signatures are characteristic of an I-type granite generated from partial melting of a magmatic arc. The I-type nature of the Baleigong granites is also supported by the main mafic minerals being Fe-rich calcic hornblende and biotite. We suggest that the high-K, calc-alkaline I-type granitic magmatism was generated by partial melting of the continental crust, possibly triggered by underplating by basaltic magma. These conditions were likely achieved in a collisional tectonic setting, thus supporting the suggestion that closure of the South Tianshan Ocean was completed prior to the Permian and was followed(in the late Paleozoic) by collision between the Tarim Block and the Central Tianshan Arc Terrane.     

巴颜喀拉地块当俄花岗岩体地球化学特征及锆石年龄

巴颜喀拉地块夹持于昆南缝合带、金沙江缝合带及龙门山断裂带之间,出露了较多的花岗岩体。当俄花岗岩体的岩石地球化学特征表明,当俄岩体具有较高SiO_2含量(w(SiO_2)=65.78%～70.22%)、过铝质(A/CNK=1.58～1.95,1.1)特征,属过铝质高钾钙碱性A型花岗岩;该岩体总体形成温度为700℃—800℃,总体形成压力为0.05GPa—0.2GPa,为低压高温环境;岩石具有Rb、Th强正异常,Ba、Nb、Sr、P、Ti强烈亏损,轻稀土强烈富集特征,且具有一定的负Eu异常,显示出有壳源的特征;花岗岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb测年为211.9 Ma±1.9Ma,表明岩浆侵位时代为中生代晚三叠世。当俄花岗岩体形成于碰撞造山后期地壳减薄环境中,属于印支晚期岩浆活动的产物。     

西秦岭德乌鲁含矿岩体及其包体的岩石学成因和构造意义

德乌鲁岩体位于西秦岭地区,其主体岩性为花岗闪长岩,在岩体内及其接触带发育有多处金、铜矿床。LA-ICP-MS 锆石U-Pb定年表明该岩体侵位于印支早期,年龄为(250±1.8) Ma,该岩体为准铝质,其铝饱和指数ASI为0.9~1.0。所有样品具有高的K2O含量(2.95%~3.52%)、K2O/Na2O比值(0.97~1.10)、Mg#(0.57~0.61)和相容元素含量(w(Cr)=(88~132)×10-6)。因此,我们认为德乌鲁寄主岩形成于壳幔岩浆的混合作用。在该岩体中广泛分布有镁铁质岩浆包体,这些包体即是镁铁质岩浆注入中酸性岩浆中时迅速降温形成的。德乌鲁包体具有中性的成分,其SiO2含量为56.17%~60.95%,岩性主要为辉长闪长岩和闪长岩。相对于寄主岩,包体有着更高的Mg#(0.65~0.67)和低的TiO2含量(0.57%~0.62%)。它们也有着高的钾含量(1.74%~2.43%),属于高钾钙碱性系列岩石。所有样品具有高的相容元素含量,如Cr((212~419)×10-6)和Ni((46~111)×10-6)。相对于重稀土元素,样品中轻稀土元素相对富集,并且具有中等的Eu负异常。在原始地幔标准化的微量元素蛛网图上,所有包体具有明显的Nb-Ta负异常。德乌鲁暗色包体可能形成于曾受俯冲作用改造过的富钾的岩石圈地幔源区部分熔融过程,并伴随有后期镁铁质矿物的分异。本区的印支早期岩浆作用及与其有关的矿床很可能形成于活动大陆边缘环境。     

西昆仑塔什库尔干地块马尔洋一带中寒武世 花岗岩的发现及地质意义

西昆仑塔什库尔干地块马尔洋一带发育一期中寒武世花岗质岩浆活动,岩石类型为片麻状花岗闪长岩和二长花岗岩,LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年表明,其侵入时代分别为（506.0±6.8）Ma和（514.0±9.3）Ma。岩石SiO₂含量为67.83%~75.76%,具中高钾、准铝质-弱过铝质等特征;岩石稀土总量与平均陆壳相当（∑REE=90.85×10-6~186.10×10-6）,轻、重稀土分馏程度较强（（La/Yb）_N=5.38~22.43）,负Eu异常明显（δEu=0.42~0.71）;微量元素以富集Rb、K、Ba、Th、U等大离子亲石元素和亏损Nb、Ta、P、Ti等高场强元素为特征。地质学及岩石地球化学特征指示该期花岗岩属准铝质到弱过铝质高分异Ⅰ型花岗岩,锆石饱和温度指示其为高温岩浆岩,总体具有壳幔混源的特征,富云包体指示壳源成分占有较大的比例。该期花岗岩与邻区中-晚寒武世中酸性侵入岩指示塔什库尔干-甜水海地块南缘很可能存在一条中寒武世以来的岩浆弧带,其可能为在原特提斯（有限）洋盆于中寒武世向北俯冲、消减背景下幔源物质上涌底侵加热古老陆壳进而发生部分熔融的产物。这也预示着塔什库尔干地区在经过震旦纪-早寒武世伸展裂解阶段之后,于中-晚寒武世其大地构造环境及地球动力学背景发生了重大转折。