LA–ICP–MS U–Pb zircon geochronology, geochemistry and kinetics of the Wenquan ore-bearing granites from West Qinling, China

Many hydrothermal Cu–Mo–Au deposits related to granitoid intrusives were recently discovered in the West Qinling Orogenic Belt (WQOB). These deposits were mainly formed during the late Indosinian epoch (ca. 214 Ma), and the regional geological setting of Cu–Mo ore formation in WQOB during this epoch is poorly understood until now. This paper describes the geochronology and geochemistry of the Wenquan ore-bearing pluton, a composite granite body, to study the geologic background of magmatic emplacement and ore formation. The Mo mineralisation occurs at the contact between a fine-grained biotite monzogranite and a medium- to fine-grained porphyritic monzogranite. Zircon ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U ages of 223 ± 3 Ma (biotite monzogranite) and 225 ± 3 Ma (porphyritic monzogranite) were obtained. Geochemical analyses show that the Wenquan pluton is a high-K calc-alkaline to shoshonite series rock with relatively high LREE and low HREE and a moderate to weak negative Eu anomaly. Relatively negative anomalies of Ba, Ti, P, Nb, Ta also exist. These results imply that the Wenquan pluton was emplaced during a transitional process (from collision to extension) between the Yangtze Craton and North China Craton. During the later Indosinian epoch, the East Qinling Orogenic Belt (EQOB) and WQOB had similar tectonic settings, and intensive magmatic activity and Mo mineralisation occurred. The EQOB was then involved in the Mesozoic subduction of the Pacific plate, and its subsequent tectonic evolution was different from that of the WQOB.     

青海省柴南缘四角羊铁多金属矿区 岩浆岩特征及其成矿意义

通过野外地质观察、岩矿石光薄片鉴定、元素化学分析、微量及稀土元素分析后认为,四角羊铁多金属矿区岩体中强不相容性的Rb、Sr、Ba、Th元素及易于与K容纳的Pb元素高于原始地幔岩;稀土元素的总含量（EREE）在90．41×10^-6～223．89之间,∑LREE／∑HREE在5．48～11．11之间,δEu在O．66～1．02之间;钾氲法测定的岩浆岩年龄为196～191Ma。此外,矿区矿石的一系列特点,如矿石矿物为磁黄铁矿、磁铁矿、黄铜矿、闪锌矿、方铅矿、黄铁矿及微量碲铋矿、毒砂、辉钼矿等,围岩蚀变为与矽卡岩有关的透辉石化、石榴石化等,硫同位素δ34S值在5．82‰～5．83‰之间,碳同位素δ13C_PDB在4．32‰～34．51‰之间,氧同位素δ18O_PDB。在一7．82‰-24．59‰之间等,说明该矿区印支期具钙碱性的酸性岩体与成矿关系密切。     

黑龙江伊春地区早中生代花岗岩成矿作用 及成矿能力差异性探讨

伊春地区晚三叠世-早侏罗世花岗岩分布广泛,岩石主要类型有似斑状二长花岗岩-二长花岗斑岩、正长-碱长-碱性花岗岩等,在该地区已发现的与早中生代花岗岩侵入密切相关的铁多金属及金等大小矿床的成因类型主要为斑岩型、矽卡岩型、矽卡岩-热液型、岩浆热液型、浅成低温热液型等,成岩、成矿时代为晚三叠世-早侏罗世(U-Pb锆石LA-ICPMS年龄为191～225Ma之间),成矿时代略晚于成岩时代.依据早中生代花岗岩岩石类型、时代、构造-岩浆演化、花岗岩成因类型及其陆陆碰撞不同阶段构造背景下的成矿作用特征,将矿床成矿系列划分为:碰撞-碰撞后构造转换型似斑状二长花岗岩-二长花岗斑岩Mo-Pb-Zn-Fe-W-Au (Ag)成矿亚系列和碰撞后崩塌型正长-碱长-碱性花岗岩Fe-Mo-Pb-Zn-NbTa成矿亚系列,其成矿元素、矿化强度、类型等成矿特征上的差异,可能与源区物源、壳幔混合程度、混合比例和侵位深度,以及与成矿构造背景不同等综合因素有关.     

Upper mantle structure from the Trans‐Australia Seismic Survey (TASS) and other seismic refraction data

The recordings made during 1972 from large explosions at Kunanalling (W.A.), Mount Fitton (S.A.). and Bass Strait have added considerably to seismic refraction data measured over distances of 1000 km in continental Australia. Taken together with data from the 1956 Maralinga atomic bomb and 1970–71 Ord Dam explosions they show the existence of a refractor with apparent P‐wave velocity in the range 8.26–8.29 km/s, which is interpreted as the Moho under shield regions, at a depth of 34 km under Kalgoorlie and deepening eastward to 39 km under Maralinga. In northern South Australia and farther north and east this refractor is evident as a sub‐Moho refractor at a depth of about 60 km; the Moho refractor is also evident, with an apparent P velocity of 8.04 ± 0.04 km/s at a depth of 40 km. Two computer models (TASS‐1a and 2a) match the observed data. The subsequent arrivals recorded are consistent with the velocity of 8.53 km/s in a refractor at 165 km depth interpreted from the Ord Dam; there is little conclusive evidence for a low‐velocity zone above this depth.     

Rb‐Sr systematics of the Coolgarra Batholith,North Queensland

The Coolgarra Batholith in north‐east Queensland is composed of the Go Sam and Nettle granite suites which were emplaced approximately 314 Ma ago. Initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios of the Nettle Suite appear to be marginally above 0.710, a value characteristic of a wide range of Late Palaeozoic felsic igneous rocks in the region. This suite appears to have been derived from an extensive isotopically homogeneous crustal source distinct from rocks which crop out in the Palaeozoic Hodgkinson Basin or Precambrian Georgetown Inlier. Higher and more variable initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (0.727–0.744) of the Go Sam Suite are attributed to a combination of magmatic and hydrothermal processes. Isotopic data, thus, cannot be used to constrain the nature of the Go Sam source rocks. Tungsten (with or without tin) mineralization is associated with the Nettle Suite plutons, with which it shares a common age, whereas the Go Sam Suite is characterized by prominent tin mineralization. One tin occurrence is the same age as, or only slightly younger than, the Nettle Suite tungsten (with or without tin) mineralization. Another tin deposit yields an age of 301 Ma, suggesting the presence of a significantly younger granite at depth.     

扬子东南缘“南华纪”盆地演化——来自新元古代花岗岩的年龄约束

提要： 通过对湘西南地区主动侵位的岛弧型花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩的锆石LA-ICP-MS与SHRIMP U-Pb同位素年代学研究,分别获得加权平均年龄为（835.6±6.7）Ma、（840±8）Ma,属新元古代。对岩体围岩钙质板岩夹灰岩建造的剖面研究和同位素年代学分析及区域对比,确认其属于新元古代“南华纪”板溪期沉积——高涧群,与下伏冷家溪群连续沉积,底界时限应大于835 Ma。指出高涧群及其相当层位分布区在沉积盆地演化过程中,可能没有经历由俯冲造山—伸展裂谷盆地的完整演化过程,盆地从板片俯冲形成岩浆弧的初期演化即已停止,形成所谓的残余盆地,并沿从江—溆浦—双峰—衡阳—萍乡一线形成陡坡边缘盆地古地理格架,与北西侧伸展形成的断阶式陆坡相接,接受来自北西侧的陆缘碎屑及其改造型重力流沉积,完成这一转换过程的时间点在830 Ma左右。     

东昆仑早古生代花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

应用激光烧蚀多接收器电感耦合等离子体质谱(LA-MC-ICPMS)方法,对东昆仑五龙沟地区花岗岩样品进行了锆石 U-Pb 定年研究。结果表明,黄龙沟中部的糜棱岩化二长花岗岩(B20-14)中岩浆锆石206Pb/238U年龄平均值为(417.7±2.0) Ma,黄龙沟上部的糜棱岩化二长花岗岩(B21-2)中岩浆锆石206Pb/238U年龄平均值为(419.7±2.3) Ma,深水潭粗中粒二长花岗岩(B20-8)中岩浆锆石206Pb/238U 年龄平均值为(419.9±2.0) Ma,红旗沟中部的粗中粒二长花岗岩(B25-9)岩浆锆石206Pb/238U年龄平均值为(419.0±2.0) Ma。它们代表了五龙沟地区所研究花岗岩的形成年龄,其形成时代均为晚志留世,记录了东昆仑早古生代的岩浆活动。本文获得的东昆仑五龙沟地区的晚志留世花岗岩可能与东昆仑早古生代洋盆闭合后的碰撞造山作用有关。花岗岩中1861 Ma、1666 Ma古元古代继承锆石的发现,表明东昆仑造山带的基底物质为古元古代。     

赣西北蒙山岩体的锆石U-Pb-Hf、地球化学特征及成因

华南印支期花岗岩形成的构造背景和成因机制存在较大的争议,赣西北印支期岩浆活动的规模及该次岩浆活动是否与基性岩浆的底侵有关,仍缺乏可靠的资料.过去认为赣西北蒙山花岗岩形成于燕山期,而本次锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学研究表明,蒙山3次花岗质岩浆活动的时间分别为236±3 Ma,220±3 Ma和217±1 Ma.蒙山花岗岩属准铝－过铝质,高硅、富钾,K₂O+Na₂O为7.53%~8.86%;稀土总量为213.09~380.75 μg/g,轻稀土元素富集,δEu=0.07~0.40,富集大离子亲石元素,Nb-Ta弱亏损,P、Ti亏损.大部分花岗岩的ε_Nd(t)值为-9.9~-6.1,Nd二阶段模式年龄t_DM2为1.5~1.8 Ga.第1次形成的灰白色粗粒花岗岩锆石的ε_Hf(t)值大部分集中在1.10~2.65,Hf同位素单阶段模式年龄t_DM1集中分布于782~866 Ma,二阶段模式年龄t_DM2集中分布在1 096~1 186 Ma,说明其物源主要为新元古代早期形成的地壳;第3次形成的细粒花岗岩锆石的ε_Hf(t)值集中分布于1.71~4.98,t_DM1为671~832 Ma,t_DM2集中在932~1 139 Ma.蒙山细粒花岗岩锆石的Hf同位素组成暗示成岩过程中有基性岩浆加入,为华南部分印支期花岗岩的成因与基性岩浆底侵有关的关系提供了证据.蒙山花岗岩的Nd同位素和锆石Hf同位素出现了解耦现象,解耦原因可能与花岗岩的物源主要为新元古代早期形成的具有Nd-Hf解耦特征的弧源地壳有关.根据目前获得的有关华南印支期火成岩的资料,总结了华南印支期花岗岩类岩石的成因类型及其时空分布规律,据此讨论了华南印支期的动力学背景和华南印支期花岗岩的成因机制,认为华南印支期的构造－岩浆活动与古太平洋西北向俯冲于华南板块之下有关.      

柴北缘宗务隆构造带印支期花岗闪长岩地质特征及其构造意义

为了研究柴北缘宗务隆构造带印支期构造演化特征,选取宗务隆构造带内具代表性的晒勒克郭来花岗闪长岩和察汗诺花岗闪长岩进行了岩石学、年代学与地球化学研究。锆石SHRIMP U Pb年代学结果显示,晒勒克郭来花岗闪长岩与察汗诺花岗闪长岩分别形成于(249.2±2.6) Ma、(242.7±1.9) Ma和(243.5±2.4) Ma,为早三叠世,也更加证实柴北缘印支期构造岩浆活动的存在。两岩体均相对富SiO2、Na2O和Al2O3,A/CNK分别为1.02～1.06和1.01～1.05,里特曼指数分别为1.54～1.73和1.07～1.61,属于弱过铝质中钾高钾钙碱性I型花岗岩; K/Rb值平均分别为234和279,分异指数分别为72.95～76.06和64.49～76.42,两岩体原始岩浆结晶分异不充分;LREE/HREE分别为6.83～9.70和3.29～7.40,弱的Eu负异常或正异常;在微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图上,两岩体明显富集Rb、U、La、Pb、Sr等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、P、Ti等高场强元素;察汗诺花岗闪长岩中发育中基性暗色包体,包体和寄主岩中见斜长石、角闪石等矿物结构和成分不平衡现象,说明其为岩浆混合成因。综上所述,两岩体应为印支期柴北缘活动大陆边缘俯冲碰撞作用导致幔源岩浆底侵与下地壳部分重融形成的壳幔混合岩浆形成的产物。对比柴北缘宗务隆构造带与柴东鄂拉山构造带内岩浆岩地质特征认为,宗务隆构造带的形成可能与西秦岭沿共和坳拉谷强烈斜向碰撞柴达木地块有关。     

新疆哈尔里克早石炭世A型花岗岩的岩石成因及构造意义

对出露在哈尔里克山西段小白杨沟-南山口一带的早石炭世花岗岩进行了锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年,结果为331.3±1.9 Ma,属早石炭世晚期。其岩石组合为碱长花岗岩、碱性花岗岩,暗色矿物以黑云母为主,见钠质角闪石,具富碱、贫钙镁和低铝铁的特征,微量元素明显富集Rb、Th、K等大离子亲石元素和Zr、Hf等高场强元素而强烈亏损Ba、Sr、Eu等元素,10000 Ga/Al值变化于2.93~3.80之间,表明该碱性花岗岩属于典型的A型花岗岩,具板内花岗岩特征,并非前人认为的岛弧花岗岩,其正εNd（t）值（+5.66~+6.12）和年轻的Nd模式年龄（T_DM2=0.60~0.62 Ga）显示岩浆来源于新生年轻地壳。从本次1:50000区调研究成果看,博格达自早石炭世开始伸展,早石炭世晚期进入闭合阶段,哈儿里克山早石炭世晚期岩体应处于博格达裂谷晚期阶段,并非前人所说的后碰撞和岛弧环境。