湘南黄沙坪多金属矿床花岗质岩浆性质及演化对成矿差异的约束

黄沙坪矿床是湘南地区最大的铅锌矿床,除铅、锌外,可供开采利用的矿种还包括钨、锡、钼、铜、铁、硫等。矿区内岩浆作用复杂、成矿元素多样、矿化类型丰富,是研究湘南地区斑岩-矽卡岩-热液脉型Cu多金属与矽卡岩W-Sn多金属复合成矿作用的理想对象。为查明矿区Cu多金属与W多金属复合成矿机理,本文在已有研究的基础上,从岩石学、矿物学及元素地球化学等方面分别对区内石英斑岩和花岗斑岩这两类成矿岩体开展了系统研究。结果表明,两类岩体具有相似的源区特征,但在源区性质及其演化过程方面仍存在差异:石英斑岩侵位深度更浅,具有相对较高的氧逸度和较低的形成温度;而花岗斑岩则侵位相对更深,具有更高的形成温度和极高的分异演化程度、更低的氧逸度。这些地球化学特征差异可能是制约石英斑岩成铜矿而花岗斑岩成钨矿的重要原因。     

青藏高原北部发现印支运动的新证据——来自同构造花岗细晶岩脉的响应

在青藏高原北部昆仑山口-甘德断裂与巴颜喀拉山中央断裂之间发育延伸超过100 km的呈雁列排列的花岗细晶岩脉带,这些花岗细晶岩脉走向多为北西向(118°),少量呈南北向(2°)。通过对其宏、微观特征分析研究,并结合在这两组花岗细晶岩脉中分别采获的224.7±0.64 Ma(南北向)与220.5±1.1 Ma(北西向)的锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb同位素年龄数据,指出这些花岗细晶岩脉是印支运动的产物,是早印支期可可西里-巴颜喀拉地块向东昆仑地块斜向俯冲过程中,岩浆沿着昆仑山口-甘德北西向冲掩断层下盘(南盘)形成的北西向与南北向两组"X"型共轭剪节理贯入形成的同构造花岗细晶岩脉。两组"X"型共轭剪节理的展布方向揭示了印支运动的主压应力方向,即NNW-SSE向;北西向雁列排列的节理反映其受右行走滑作用控制的特点;花岗细晶岩脉形成的最早时间(224.7±0.64 Ma)代表了这次俯冲走滑事件的时间,也即昆仑山口-甘德断裂的形成时间。     

Structural characteristics and evolution of the South Yellow Sea Basin since Indosinian

Based on the seismic data gathered in past years and the correlation between the sea and land areas of the Lower Yangtze Platform, the structural characteristics of the South Yellow Sea Basin since the Indosinian tectonic movement is studied in this paper. Three stages of structural deformation can be distinguished in the South Yellow Sea Basin since the Indosinian. The first stage, Late Indosinian to Early Yanshanian, was dominated by foreland deformation including both the uplifting and subsidence stages under an intensively compressional environment. The second stage, which is called the Huangqiao Event in the middle Yanshanian, was a change for stress fields from compression to extension. While in the third stage (the Sanduo Event) in the Late Himalayan, the basin developed a depression in the Neogene-Quaternary after rifting in the Late Cretaceous-Paleogene. The long-time evolution controlled 3 basin formation stages from a foreland basin, then a fault basin to a final depression basin. In conclusion, since the Indosinian, the South Yellow Sea Basin has experienced compressional fold and thrust, collisional orogen, compressional and tensional pulsation, strike-slip, extensional fault block and inversion structures, compression and convergence. The NE, NEE, nearly EW and NW trending structures developed in the basin. From west to east, the structural trend changed from NEE to near EW to NW. While from north to south, they changed from NEE to near EW with a strong-weak-strong zoning sequence. Vertically, the marine and terrestrial facies basins show a “seesaw” pattern with fold and thrust in the early stages, which is strong in the north and weak in the south and an extensional fault in later stages, which is strong in the north and weak in the south. In the marine facies basin, thrust deformation is more prevailing in the upper structural layer than that in the lower layer. The tectonic mechanism in the South Yellow Sea Basin is mainly affected by the collision between the Yangtze and North China Block, while the stress environment of large-scale strike-slip faults was owing to subduction of the Paleo-Pacific plate. The southern part of the Laoshan uplift is a weak deformation zone as well as a stress release zone, and the Meso-Paleozoic had been weakly reformed in later stages. The southern part of the Laoshan uplift is believed, therefore, to be a promising area for oil and gas exploration.     

锡田印支-燕山期复式花岗质岩浆-热液活动时限和物质来源

锡田钨锡多金属矿田位于湘赣两省交界,南岭成矿带的北部。锡田花岗岩体是一个复式岩体。本文利用LA-MC-ICP MS技术对8个样品的锆石进行了原位微区U-Pb定年和Lu-Hf同位素测试,结果显示其中有4个为印支期(226~225Ma)、另外4个为燕山期(166~158Ma)。印支期花岗岩锆石的εHf(t)值为-4.6~-10.8,两阶段模式年龄TDM2值为2011~1534Ma,根据是否呈正态分布可分为7组;燕山期花岗岩锆石的εHf(t)值为-4.3~-10,TDM2值为1896~1429Ma,可分为5组。相似的Hf同位素组成表明两期花岗岩具有同源性,均源自古元古代晚期至中元古代早期地壳物质的部分熔融。而εHf(t)值变化范围较大且分成很多组可能更主要受控于源区Hf同位素的不均一性。此外,本文利用40 Ar-39 Ar定年方法测得花岗岩顶部石英脉和云英岩中4个白(金)云母的年龄为150~148Ma,这期与成矿有关的热液作用应该与最晚一期岩浆活动有关。通过本次获得的定年数据和对已有的成岩成矿定年数据的总结,本文认为锡田岩体可以分为三个期次,印支期(226~225Ma),燕山期第一阶段(166~158Ma)和燕山期第二阶段(151~141Ma)。     

大兴安岭北段雅尔根楚I型花岗岩年代学、岩石地球化学及其地球动力学意义

对内蒙古大兴安岭北段雅尔根楚花岗岩岩体岩相学研究表明,该花岗岩岩体主要岩性组合为正长花岗岩和花岗质糜棱岩,应用锆石U-Pb LA-ICP-MS测年方法,测得的3组年龄为226.8±2.2Ma、230.2±1.3Ma和233.6±1.5Ma,表明其岩体侵位时代为晚三叠世.岩石主量元素(XRF)具有富硅、富钾的特征,A/CNK值为0.81～1.10,显示铝弱饱和,相对富集轻稀土元素、亏损重稀土元素,具有Eu负异常,微量元素相对富集大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素,显示岛弧性质的花岗岩特征,微量元素特征显示其为Ⅰ型花岗岩.经过综合研究认为该Ⅰ型花岗岩可能是在整个伸展环境下,岩石圈地幔压力降低导致地幔上涌,残余的洋壳熔融提供流体注入,从而该岩体发生侵位.     

In situ zircon U–Pb and Hf–O isotopic results for ca. 73 Ma granite in Hainan Island: Implications for the termination of an Andean-type active continental margin in southeast China

We report in the paper integrated analyses of in situ zircon U–Pb ages, Hf–O isotopes, whole-rock geochemistry and Sr–Nd isotopes for the Longlou granite in northern Hainan Island, southeast China. SIMS zircon U–Pb dating results yield a crystallization age of ∼73 Ma for the Longlou granite, which is the youngest granite recognized in southeast China. The granite rocks are characterized by high SiO₂ and K₂O, weakly peraluminous (A/CNK = 1.04–1.10), depletion in Sr, Ba and high field strength elements (HFSE) and enrichment in LREE and large ion lithophile elements (LILE). Chemical variations of the granite are dominated by fractional crystallization of feldspar, biotite, Ti–Fe oxides and apatite. Their whole-rock initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (0.7073–0.7107) and ε_Nd(t) (−4.6 to −6.6) and zircon ε_Hf(t) (−5.0 to 0.8) values are broadly consistent with those of the Late Mesozoic granites in southeast China coast. Zircon δ¹⁸O values of 6.9–8.3‰ suggest insignificant involvement of supracrustal materials in the granites. These granites are likely generated by partial melting of medium- to high-K basaltic rocks in an active continental margin related to subduction of the Pacific plate. The ca. 73 Ma Longlou granite is broadly coeval with the Campanian (ca. 80–70 Ma) granitoid rocks in southwest Japan and South Korea, indicating that they might be formed along a common Andean-type active continental margin of east–southeast Asia. Tectonic transition from the Andean-type to the West Pacific-type continental margin of southeast China likely took place at ca.70 Ma, rather than ca. 90–85 Ma as previously thought.     

Geochronological and geochemical constraints on the petrogenesis of the early Paleoproterozoic potassic granite in the Lushan area,southern margin of the North China Craton

We conducted a geochronological and geochemical study on the Paleoproterozoic potassic granites in the Lushan area, southern margin of the North China Craton (NCC) to understand the tectonic regime of the NCC at 2.2–2.1 Ga. This rock suite formed at 2194 ± 29 Ma. The rocks are rich in SiO₂ (76.10–77.73 wt.%), and K₂O (5.94–6.90 wt.%) with high K₂O + Na₂O contents from 7.56 wt.% to 8.48 wt.%, but poor in CaO (0.10–0.28 wt.%), P₂O₅ (0.02–0.05 wt.%) and MgO (0.01–0.30 wt.%, Mg# = 1.08–27.3), indicating they experienced fractional crystallization. Major element compositions suggest the potassic granites share an affinity with high K calc-alkaline granite. Even though the Lushan potassic granitic rocks have high A/CNK ratios (1.11–1.25), which can reach peraluminous feature, the very low P₂O₅ contents and negative correlation of P₂O₅ and SiO₂ ruling out they are S-type granites. Different from peralkaline A-type granites, the Lushan potassic granites have variable Zr concentrations (160–344 ppm, 226 ppm on average) and 10,000 Ga/Al ratios (1.76–3.00), together with high zircon saturation temperatures (T_Zr = 826–885 °C), indicating they are fractionated aluminous A-type granites. Enriched LREE ((La/Yb)_N = 9.72–81.8), negative Eu anomalies, and low Sr/Y with no correlations in Sr/Y and Sr/Zr versus CaO suggest the possible presence of Ca-rich plagioclase and absence of garnet in the residual. Magmatic zircon grains have variable ε_Hf(t) values (−2.4 to +7.3) with zircon two-stage Hf model ages (T_DM^C) varying from 2848 Ma to 2306 Ma (mostly around ca. 2.5 Ga), and are plotted in the evolution line of crustal felsic rock. We propose that the rocks mainly formed by partial melting of ca. 2.50 Ga tonalitic–granodioritic crust as a result of upwelling mantle-derived magmas which provided thermal flux and source materials in an intra-continent rifting. The ca. 2.2 Ga magmatism suggests that intra-continental rifting occurred at 2.35–1.97 Ga at least in the southern margin of the NCC after its final cratonization in the late Neoarchean.     

新疆塔里木北缘新元古代最晚期岩浆事件

报道了塔里木库鲁克塔格地区新元古代晚期花岗闪长岩和钾长花岗岩的锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素组成。花岗闪长岩锆石U-Pb谐和年龄为630.1±1.3Ma,钾长花岗岩锆石U-Pb谐和年龄为630.6±1.3Ma。Hf同位素组成表明,这2种岩石主要来自古老(中)基性地壳的重熔,可能有部分地幔物质的加入。结合已有的研究表明,650~615Ma期间的岩浆活动代表了塔里木地块新元古代最晚期的岩浆活动,是Rodinia超大陆解体过程中的产物,与泛非造山事件无关。塔里木地块自新元古代中期到早寒武世,持续接受了被动大陆边缘沉积,表明在这一时期塔里木为冈瓦那大陆之外独立的大陆块体,或是位于冈瓦那大陆最边缘的稳定大陆块体。     

诸广山岩体南部区域地球化学特征

诸广山岩体南部是我国主要铀产地之一,找到并为国家提交了一大批可供利用的铀矿床。文章通过分析诸广山岩体南部以往区域化探资料及最新铀矿化探工作成果,总结了区域地球化学特征,提出了诸广山岩体南部地球化学元素存在空间分布组合关系,蚀变存在垂直分带,岩体内地球化学元素在空间上存在垂直分带,区内热液型铀矿床地球化学定位的三个标志等认识。     

骑田岭芙蓉锡矿的成岩和成矿物质来源： 锆石Lu Hf 同位素和矿物包裹体He Ar同位素证据

本文分析测试了骑田岭花岗岩芙蓉锡矿的各类花岗岩的锆石U-Pb同位素年龄和Lu-Hf同位素组成。本区有两期花岗岩,早期角闪石黑云母花岗岩锆石U-Pb谐和年龄为160.02.7 Ma,晚期黑云母花岗岩的锆石U-Pb谐和年龄为156.5±1.8 Ma。在晚期矿化的黑云母花岗岩中出现了蜕晶化锆石,蜕晶化锆石强烈富集LREE和U、Th,是典型热液锆石的特征。四个花岗岩锆石的Lu-Hf同位素组成说明骑田岭花岗岩的成岩物质主要来源于下地壳,它们的原始岩浆源于中元古代(1.3~1.5Ga)下地壳物质的部分熔融,并有部分地幔物质的参与。还分析测定了骑田岭芙蓉锡矿黄铁矿、石榴子石流体包裹体的He-Ar同位素组成,其3 He/4 He比值较低(0.059~0.432),介于地壳和地幔流体3 He/4 He比值之间,表明芙蓉锡矿的成矿流体主要来源于地壳,同时有部分地幔流体的参与成矿。