赣北安源煤系沉积对构造活动的响应

著名的“安源煤系”沉积于晚三叠世至早侏罗世,而赣北又是“印支运动”表现强烈的地区之一,这样,赣北的安源煤系便成为研究构造-沉积响应的理想目标层位。研究表明,安源煤系沉积作用对构造活动的响应主要表现为沉积速率的变化,沉积相带沿推覆方向的迁移,以及碎屑岩成分的垂向变化。     

陕西省汉滨区沈坝-柳坑金矿区岩浆岩与成矿关系探讨

南秦岭构造带自元古代开始就发生了一系列构造运动,不仅具有重要的造山理论研究意义,而且形成了丰富的矿产资源,因此受到中外地质学家的广泛重视,成为国内外地学界的研究热点之一。研究区位于南秦岭陆内造山带南部印支-燕山构造变形带内,二级构造单元属于南秦岭-北大巴山多层次韧性滑脱逆冲推覆褶皱带（杨兴科等,2016;高雅宁等,2016;唐永忠等,2012）。研究区附近金矿床（点）众多,包括研究区北部的金斗坡金矿、白果树金矿、柳树坪金矿,西部的长沟金矿、鹿鸣金矿、黄龙金矿、羊坪湾金矿以及东部的烂木沟金矿等,这些金矿床均产出于脆-韧性剪切带内（李福让等,2009;杨本召等,2010;刘林等,2012）,为研究区提供了良好的成矿背景。区内岩浆活动频繁,以印支晚期-燕山早期的中酸性岩为主,但其与金矿成矿关系函需解决。因此本文在充分总结沈坝-柳坑金矿区地质特征的基础上,利用化学分析以及锆石定年技术确定岩浆年龄,并讨论与金矿成矿的关系。     

皖南印支期石英斑岩的首次发现及其构造意义

印支时期,中国东南部地区构造运动活跃,岩浆活动较为发育。但是,皖南地区一直未发现该时期侵入岩。近期在安徽省黄山市徽州区东坑口村北约500m处x046县道旁,发现石英斑岩脉体。用LA-ICP-MS技术测得其中锆石的U-Pb年龄为245.2±2.4Ma,此年龄代表石英斑岩的结晶年龄,即形成于印支期中三叠世,而非前人一直认为的燕山期岩浆活动产物。岩石地球化学特征显示,东坑口石英斑岩富集Th、La、Ce等大离子亲石元素及轻稀土元素,亏损Ba、Sr、P、Ti等高场强元素,具有高的10000×Ga/Al值及Zr、Nb、Ce、Y含量,岩石中可见半自形的石英和斜长石,具有A型花岗岩的特征。皖南印支期A型花岗岩的发现,为区域构造-岩浆演化研究提供了新的科学依据,对理解和构建中国东南部乃至华南地区早中生代构造演化具有重要意义。     

东准噶尔卡拉麦里断裂以南幔源底侵体、“钉合花岗岩体”的发现及其地质意义

新疆富蕴县滴水泉-畜牧办侵入体出露于卡拉麦里断裂以南,呈北西西向带状分布,以碱长花岗岩体为主,也可见规模较小的角闪辉长岩体。碱长花岗岩体的岩石组合为碱长花岗斑岩+碱长花岗岩,高硅(SiO_2=71.07%~76.71%),富碱(Na_2O+K_2O=7.41%~9.07%)、K_2ONa_2O(平均为1.10),显示出A型花岗岩的特点。角闪辉长岩体涌动侵入于碱长花岗岩体之中,二者接触带附近发育浆混性质的石英闪长岩。辉长岩+花岗岩的双峰式岩石组合、构造判别图解R2-R1及区域地质背景指示滴水泉侵入体形成于陆内伸展环境,且花岗岩体具有"钉合岩体"的作用,穿插了卡拉麦里蛇绿岩带。结合岩体的LA-ICP-MS锆石年龄(碱长花岗岩的206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为321±2Ma,角闪辉长岩的206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为319±3Ma)可知,卡拉麦里洋盆在晚石炭世早期(321Ma)之前已经闭合。同位素及微量元素特征显示,碱长花岗岩为年轻地壳部分熔合融的产物,而角闪辉长岩则来源于亏损的软流圈地幔及俯冲交代的地幔楔物质,代表了同期花岗岩的底侵岩浆演化的产物。辉长岩与花岗岩相似的εNd(t)值及明显的岩浆混合作用表明该区的花岗岩体并非来源于底侵岩浆的高度分异或底侵体的部分熔融,而最可能为底侵体之上的年轻地壳的部分熔融,这一结论与最近一些学者研究的断裂以北的花岗岩体成因机制相同。晚石炭世早期幔源底侵体的发现,为卡拉麦里地区后碰撞花岗岩类的幔源底侵作用提供了可靠的地质依据。     

云南富宁者桑金矿床与基性岩年代测定——兼论滇黔桂地区卡林型金矿成矿构造背景

素有"金三角"之称的右江盆地广泛发育卡林型金矿,其成因是否与岩浆活动有关颇有争议。本文以云南富宁地区的者桑卡林型金矿床和该区出露的基性岩为研究对象,分别确定了卡林型金矿床和基性岩的年龄。研究表明,矿床中与载金矿物黄铁矿和毒砂共生的热液蚀变成因绢云母的Ar-Ar坪年龄为215.3±1.9Ma,该区晚期基性岩中锆石的U-Pb年龄为215±5Ma,成岩成矿时代高度一致。在此基础上,本文提出了该矿床的成矿动力学模式:伴随古特提斯洋的闭合,在印支运动后碰撞伸展背景下,形成了富宁地区215±5Ma的基性岩。者桑金矿床分布区的深部可能存在该时期的隐伏岩体,深部岩浆活动驱动主要为大气降水成因的流体浸出地层中的金、砷和锑等成矿元素形成了者桑金矿床。     

Pan-African Magmatism, and Sedimentation in the NW Himalaya

Correlation of early Palaeozoic, Pan-African (500 ± 50 Ma) granites that intruded the Chail, Salkhala, Haimanta Formations in the Lesser Himalaya, Zanskar crystallines, and Lower Taglang La of Tso-Morari crystallines in the northwestern Himalaya, is based on the field relationship, tectonic setting, mineralogical, and geochemical characteristics, and isotope dating of the granites. These granite plutons exhibit identical petrographical, and geochemical character. The mineralogical composition of the granites is quite similar, consisting of quartz, K-feldspar, plagioclase feldspar, biotite, muscovite, garnet, tourmaline, ± cordierite, andalusite, and sillimanite fibrolite. The granite which are massive, and inequigranular in the core of the plutons, show strongly foliated character indicating development of ductile shear zone at the margins. These are peraluminous S-type granites having high A/CNK value (> 1). Presence of normative corundum, rounded shape of zircon, and high initial Sr ratio suggest crustal source of the granites. Mantle normalized spider-diagram exhibits similar characters for all these granitoids. The intrusion of the Pan-African granites mark an abrupt end of the sedimentation that continued virtually uninterrupted from Palaeoproterozoic. The sudden break in sedimentation towards the terminal phases of the Lower Cambrian has been observed in almost all parts in Lesser as well as the Tethys Himalaya. Occurrences of large number of plutons along different tectonic belts of northwestern Himalaya are indicative of widespread tectono-thermal event during early Palaeozoic (500 ± 50 Ma). The bracketing of the two features like, the break in sedimentation during post-Late Cambrian, and the intrusion of granites around 500 ± 50 Ma, is considered to be the result of a strong diastrophic orogenic event correlatable to the late phases of the Pan-African Orogeny in Africa.     

十杭带湘南—桂北段中生代A型花岗岩带成岩成矿特征及成因讨论

十杭带是华南内陆一条重要的北北东向、具有高εNd (t )值和低t DM值的花岗岩带,该带在湘南—桂北段的花岗质岩体（千里山、骑田岭、西山、金鸡岭、花山和姑婆山等）均形成于151~163 Ma间。但从西南往东北方向,形成时代有逐渐变年轻的趋势。这些岩体在地球化学组成上显示出较为相似的特征,岩石均富碱、高钾,富含Rb,Th,U等大离子亲石元素（LILE）和REE,Nb,Ta,Zr,Hf等高场强元素（HFSE）。在地球化学图解上均落入A型花岗岩区域,因此该花岗岩带应属于一条A型花岗岩带。进一步划分,这些花岗岩应该属于A2亚类。这些花岗岩均具有较低的（87Sr/86Sr）i 值、较高的εNd (t )值和相对低的Nd模式年龄值,但从西南往东北方向,εNd (t )值具有逐渐降低的趋势。在这些花岗质岩体中暗色包体非常发育,岩石学和地球化学,特别是锆石的Hf同位素组成,指示这些花岗质岩石是通过壳-幔岩浆混合作用形成的,幔源岩浆端元来自亏损地幔,可能是软流圈地幔物质的直接参与。该A型花岗岩带可能形成于古太平洋板块俯冲引起的弧后或弧内拉张构造环境,软流圈地幔上涌及诱发的幔源岩浆沿超壳深断裂底侵,导致了强烈的壳幔岩浆混合作用,形成了该花岗岩带。该拉张事件从西南往东北方向进行,拉张强度由强变弱,混入花岗岩中的地幔物质也由多变少。该花岗岩带也是我国 一条重要的W-Sn多金属成矿带。研究表明,这些花岗岩均属于富Sn花岗岩,但Sn在这些花岗岩中的富集机制与传统的结晶分异富集的方式不同。该区锡矿化类型十分丰富,除了存在传统的岩浆热液演化成矿外,还存在新类型的绿泥石化花岗岩锡矿化,丰富了A型花岗岩的成矿理论。     

Stenian A-type granitoids in the Namaqua-Natal Belt,southern Africa,Maud Belt,Antarctica and Nampula Terrane,Mozambique:Rodinia and Gondwana amalgamation implications

We carried out SHRIMP zircon U-Pb dating on A-type granitic intrusions from the Namaqua-Natal Province,South Africa,Sverdrupfjella,western Dronning Maud Land,Antarctica and the Nampula Province of northern Mozambique.Zircon grains in these granitic rocks are typically elongated and oscillatory zoned,suggesting magmatic origins.Zircons from the granitoid intrusions analyzed in this study suggest~1025-1100 Ma ages,which confirm widespread Mesoproterozoic A-type granitic magmatism in the Namaqua-Natal(South Africa),Maud(Antarctica) and Mozambique metamorphic terrains.No older inherited(e.g.,~2500 Ma Achean basement or~1200 Ma island are magmatism in northern Natal)zircon grains were seen.Four plutons from the Natal Belt(Mvoti Pluton,Glendale Pluton,Kwalembe Pluton,Ntimbankulu Pluton) display 1050-1040 Ma ages,whereas the Nthlimbitwa Pluton in northern Natal indicates older 1090-1080 Ma ages.A sample from Sverdrupfjella,Antarctica has~1091 Ma old zircons along with~530 Ma metamorphic rims.Similarly,four samples analysed from the Nampula Province of Mozambique suggest crystallization ages of~1060-1090 Ma but also show significant discordance with two samples showing younger~550 Ma overgrowths.None of the Natal samples show any younger overgrowths.A single sample from southwestern Namaqualand yielded an age of~1033 Ma.Currently available chronological data suggest magmatism took place in the Namaqua-Natal-MaudMozambique(NNMM) belt between~1025 Ma and~1100 Ma with two broad phases between~1060-1020 Ma and 1100-1070 Ma respectively,with peaks at between~1030-1040 Ma and~1070-1090 Ma.The age data from the granitic intrusions from Namaqualand.combined with those from Natal,Antarctica and Mozambique suggest a crude spatial-age relationship with the older1070 Ma ages being largely restricted close to the eastern and western margins of the Kalahari Craton in northern Natal,Mozambique.Namaqualand and WDML Antarctica whereas the younger 1060 Ma ages dominate in southern Natal and western Namaqualand and are largely restricted to the southern and possibly the western margins of the Kalahari Craton.The older ages of magmatism partially overlap with or are marginally younger than the intracratonic Mkondo Large lgneous Provinee intruded into or extruded onto the Kalahari Craton,suggesting a tectonic relationship with the Maud Belt.Similar ages from granitic augen gneisses in Sri Lanka suggest a continuous belt stretching from Namaqualand to Sri Lanka in a reconstituted Gondwana,formed during the terminal stages of amalgamation of Rodinia and predating the East African Orogen.This contiguity contributes to defining the extent of Rodinia-age crustal blocks,subsequently fragmented by the dispersal of Rodinia and Gondwana.     

粤西庞西垌-桂东南金山银金成矿带晚燕山期花岗岩的性质与成矿作用

分析了云开地区粤西庞西垌－桂东南金山银金成矿带晚燕山花岗岩的特征与成矿作用的关系。认为晚燕山期英桥花岗岩体属于铝过饱和富钾质的钙碱性花岗岩系列,是同熔型花岗岩。晚燕山期岩浆活动与银金矿床在空间和时间上密切相关,在微量元素、稀土元素、稳定同位素和包体成分等地球化学特征上具有相似性,晚燕山期岩浆活动对银金矿床的形成起着重要的作用。