中国大陆地壳运动观测研究进展

本文利用国家重大科技基础设施“中国大陆构造环境监测网络”1972个站两期GNSS观测资料绘制2009—2011年中国大陆地壳运动图。 该图反映了2011东日本大地震同震形变对我国东部地壳运动及变形状态的巨大影响, 也反映2008汶川地震和2001昆仑山口西地震震后变形对青藏高原构造应力场的调整过程, 较为完整地展示印度板块挤压下青藏高原的变形状态。     

湘中白马山复式岩体成因及其成矿效应

白马山复式岩体位于湘西雪峰山弧形构造隆起带与湘中白马山-龙山-紫云山EW向构造带的交汇处,由水车、龙潭、小沙江和龙藏湾超单元花岗岩组成.锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb同位素定年显示,水车、龙潭、小沙江、龙藏湾超单元花岗岩的侵位年龄分别为424.9±2.2Ma、228.2±1.3Ma、225.3±1.1Ma和215.0...     

Timing of granite emplacement and cooling in the Songpan–Garzê Fold Belt (eastern Tibetan Plateau) with tectonic implications

New U–Pb and Rb–Sr geochronology on syn- and post-orogenic granites provide constraints on the timing of major tectonic events in the Songpan–Garzê fold belt, west Sichuan, China. The Ma Nai granite was probably syn-kinematic with the main deformation and yields an age of 197±6 Ma that is interpreted as an upper age limit of the Indosinian event. Zircons and apatites from the post-kinematic Rilonguan granite also yield Jurassic ages (195±6 and 181±4 Ma). The post-orogenic Markam massif gives two ages of 188±1 and 153±3 Ma. Both granites are undeformed and cut structures in the Triassic sedimentary rocks. These results demonstrate that the major deformation and décollement tectonics in the Songpan–Garzê fold belt occurred prior to the Early Jurassic. The wide range of ages obtained for post-kinematic granites (from Early Jurassic to Late Jurassic) suggests that, locally, magmatic activity persisted for a long time (at least 50 Ma) after the Indosinian compressional tectonism. No Tertiary ages have been obtained, suggesting that these granites were not affected strongly by the India–Asia collision.     

辽东半岛印支期侵入岩侵入机制与岩浆大陆动力学演化

辽东半岛广泛分布印支期侵入岩,作为研究辽东半岛印支期陆内造山作用的客观实体,意义重大.概述了印支期侵入岩地质特征、岩石化学及地球化学特征,总结出岩浆演化趋势由超基性→基性→中性→酸性→碱性.提出了岩浆源区性质为幔源、壳幔混源、壳源3种类型.总结了造山初期至造山早期伸展机制下席状侵位,造山主期穹隆式及穿刺式侵位,造山后构造崩塌被动侵位3种侵位机制模式及岩浆大陆动力学演化过程.     

桂东南藤县印支期基性侵入岩锆石U-Pb年龄、岩石地球化学及其区域构造意义

桂东南灵山-藤县断裂带内基性侵入岩的演化背景,是认识钦杭结合带西南段构造演化的关键。本文采用LAICP-MS技术测得三门滩岩体角闪苏长岩和东胜岩体石英角闪苏长岩的锆石U-Pb年龄分别为230.0Ma±0.9Ma和236.5Ma±1.3Ma。岩石地球化学特征显示出低镁、富钛铁的特征;稀土含量低且变化大,∑REE(43~189)×10-6,δEu值0.79~1.63,以具Eu正异常为特征;大离子亲石元素(LILE)Rb、Ba、Th强烈富集,伴有Ce、P和Sm弱富集的"三隆起"特征,高场强元素(HFSE)Ta、Nb和Zr、Hf在弱富集的背景上显示为"谷"形,总体显示为大陆性火山弧钙碱性玄武岩的地球化学特征。研究认为,藤县基性侵入岩形成于中三叠世,属大陆性火山弧钙碱性玄武岩,形成于活动大陆边缘弧环境,为桂东南地区印支期大陆边缘造山带的地质记录。     

The use of surface monitoring data for the interpretation of landslide movement patterns

The Tessina landslide is a large, seasonally active slope failure located on the southern slopes of Mt. Teverone, in the Alpago valley of NE Italy, consisting of a complex system that has developed in Tertiary Flysch deposits. The landslide, which first became active in 1960, threatens two villages and is hence subject to detailed monitoring, with high quality data being collected using piezometers, inclinometers, extensometers, and through the use of a highly innovative, automated Electronic Distance Measurement (EDM) system, which surveys the location of a large number of reflector targets once every 6 h. These systems form the basis of a warning system that protects the villages, but they also provide a very valuable insight into the patterns of movement of the landslide.In this paper, analysis is presented of the movement of the landslide, concentrating on the EDM dataset, which provides a remarkable record of surface displacement patterns. It is proposed that four distinct movement patterns can be established, which correspond closely to independently defined morphological assessments of the landslide complex. Any given block of material transitions through the four phases of movement as it progresses down the landslide, with the style of movement being controlled primarily by the groundwater conditions. The analysis is augmented with modelling of the landslide, undertaken using the Itasca FLAC code. The modelling suggests that different landslide patterns are observed for different parts of the landslide, primarily as a result of variations in the groundwater conditions. The model suggests that when a movement event occurs, displacements occur initially at the toe of the landslide, then retrogress upslope.     

王仙岭岩体地质地球化学特征及其对湘东南印支晚期构造环境的制约

王仙岭岩体位于湘东南,形成于晚三叠世,主要由黑云母二长花岗岩和二云母二长花岗岩组成。岩石高硅、高钾、富碱,SiO2含量为70.99%～75.93%;K2O含量平均为4.32%;Na2O K2O为5.10%～8.67%;K2O/Na2O平均为2.09。A/CNK比值为1.07～2.44,KN/A比值为0.37～0.86,属高钾钙碱性系列强过铝质花岗岩类。REE含量低,平均为90.19μg/g;δEu值0.23～0.38;(La/Yb)N值为6.17～14.1;具Ba、Nb、Sr和Ti负异常。ISr值为0.72074,εSr(t)值为30,εNd(t)值为-12.0,t2DM为1.97Ga。源岩成分的A/MF-C/MF图解判别显示为碎屑岩。结合区域岩石圈结构,上述特征表明花岗岩源岩应为中地壳结晶片岩、片麻岩。根据多种氧化物与微量元素构造环境判别图解,结合地质特征、构造演化背景等,认为包括王仙岭岩体在内的湘东南印支期花岗岩形成于陆内同造山阶段的后碰撞构造环境。印支期花岗岩的具体形成机制为:在峰期变形之后挤压应力相对松弛,深部压力降低,因地壳增厚而升温的中地壳岩石因熔点降低而得以熔融,并在相对开放的环境下侵位成岩。     

一个边缘耀斑及其物质抛射的运动

分别对1989年5月8日太阳西南边缘爆发了一个SN级的圆形耀斑部分和柱状物质抛射部分的运动情况进行分析讨论。耀斑圆形直径增大过程的膨胀速度较大，最大为110km／s，时间非常快，从开始产生至膨胀到最大直径15500km仅用了4min时间；减小收缩的过程速度缓慢，为-20～-10km／s，时间过程相对长，从最大直径开始减小到完全消失用了17min时间。柱状物质抛射部分的直径从开始膨胀到最大9060kin用了7min时间，最大速度为35kin／s；收缩过程用了14min时间，收缩速度在-15～-5km／s左右。柱状物质抛射部分的升降速度，在耀斑极大以后的时间仍在上升，并仍以很高的速度向上喷射，到耀斑极大后3min才开始下降。柱状物质抛射部分到达最大高度22000km的时间与其直径膨胀到最大的时间同时，上升的速度100～130km／s，下降的速度在-20～-5km／s，抛射物质下降到16000～15000km的高度缓慢消失。     

关中地区重力场及其时空动态演化特征

系统分析了关中地区1992～2004年流动重力测量资料，研究了重力场的时空动态演化特征。10多年来的重力场动态变化图象表明：重力场变化与活动断裂构造密切相关，重力场有规律的变化与区域应力-应变场微动态活动有关。区域重力场总的趋势变化为：关中南部秦岭山区重力负值变化，测区中部渭河断陷盆地至韩城一带重力正值变化，测区北部铜川-黄龙一带的渭北黄土塬重力负值变化。西安城区重力变化主要是过量开采地下水、含水系统压密所致。     

广西及邻区地台盖层和中新生代盆地地层褶皱过程

根据新测构造地质剖面资料,指出印支运动导致地台盖层和右江盆地构造层全面褶皱的主张是一大误解。印支运动的褶皱作用十分轻微,向北西减弱,至滇东南—黔南消失。地台盖层和上覆中新生代地层的同步—类同步褶皱是由多期次继承性造山运动累积叠加形成的。依据褶皱时代和过程以及优选大地构造线取向的差异,广西及邻区可分成以北西向大地构造线占优势的滨特提斯区,包括桂西和滇东南—黔南两亚区,和以北东向优选大地构造线为特点的滨太平洋区。主要褶皱时代在滨特提斯区是中晚始新世之交,在滨太平洋区是晚侏罗—晚始新世。滇东南—黔南无印支褶皱。