Indo–Chinese Magmatic Activity in the Duobaoshan District of Heilongjiang Province and Its Geological Significance

The Duobaoshan ore concentration area, located in Nenjiang County of Heilongjiang Province, is an important porphyry Cu-Mo ore concentration area in China, which is characterized by complex magmatic activities and multi–phase overprinting metallogenesis. On the basis of field geological observation, systematic sampling, in-lab analysis and the metallogenic regularity in the Xiang'an–Mongolian metallogenic belt, this work carried out high-precision dating and geochemical analysis on the Yuejin, 173-kilometer and Wolihedingzi rock bodies. These rock bodies are renamed monzonitic granite and their consistent age(238 Ma) show that they were formed not in Variscan but in Indosinian. Therefore, it is inferred that the ore spots formed in the potassium silicate and sericite alteration zones of the rock mass also belong to Indosinian. In addition, we collected granodiorite from the Tongshan mining pit, and its zircon age is 223.1±2.8 Ma and the Cu content of the sample is high. The Tongshan mineralization is inferred to undergo the superimposition of Indosinian diagenetic mineralization. The age of the granodiorite porphyry related to copper-molybdenum mineralization in the Xiaoduobaoshan area is 222.1±5.5 Ma, and the earlier age of granodiorite is 471.8±7.4 Ma, indicating that the initial magmatic activities belong to the Duobaoshan porphyry system in the Caledonian period. The geochemical characteristics of the Indosinian rock samples show continental arc features, with reference to tectonic-magmatic activities of the whole Daxing'anling area. We consider that the magmatic activities and mineralization of the Indosinian period are affected by the southward subduction of Okhotsk Ocean since Late Permian. By combining the mineralization rules of Daxinganling area and the structural systems of Duobaoshan ore concentration area, we divide two rock-mineralization belts in this area including the Yuejin–Duobaoshan–Tongshan belt and 173-kilometer–Xiaoduobaoshan–Wolihedingzi belt, which are distributed nearly parallel along the NW-trending fractures and show similar geotectonic settings and the timing of the magmatic activities. It is favorable for discovering porphyry Cu-Mo deposits in these two metallogenic belts, especially in the Yuejin, 173-kilometer and Wolihedingzi areas where less research work has been made.     

东昆仑左行走滑韧性剪切带形成时代的锆石U-Pb年龄证据

巴颜咯拉—松潘甘孜地体与东昆仑南地体晚三叠纪斜向碰撞形成大规模的东昆仑左行走滑韧性剪切带,新生代时期韧性剪切转为脆性左旋走滑并构成青藏高原向东逃逸的北部边界。为了确定早期韧性剪切变形时代,对剪切带上2个同构造花岗斑岩脉进行了激光探针(LA-MC-ICP MS)测年研究,获得了196.4 ± 2.3 Ma和195.1 ± 1.6 Ma的锆石206Pb/238U加权平均年龄,表明东昆仑左行走滑韧性剪切带形成于燕山早期。      

东天山雅满苏北岩体的年代学、地球化学及其构造意义

雅满苏北岩体位于新疆东天山地区的觉罗塔格晚古生代构造带.岩性为钾长花岗岩,主要矿物成分为石英(25％～40％)、条纹长石(40％ ～70％)、斜长石(10％ ～ 25％,An18 ～30)和黑云母(2％～5％).LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,该岩体侵位于中三叠世(227.90±0.47Ma),为印支中期产物.该岩体的主量元素以高硅(SiO2为74.27％～ 75.99％)、富碱(ALK为7.64％ ～8.29％)、高钾(K2O为4.37％ ～4.79％)和准铝质(A/CNK为0.96 ～ 1.00)以及较低的Ti,Ca,Fe和Mg含量为特征,属于高钾钙碱性岩花岗岩.岩体的微量元素总体富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)K、Rb和Cs等和高场强元素(HFSE)Th、U、Zr和Hf,贫大离子亲石元素Ba、Sr和高场强元素Nb、Ta及Y.稀土元素的球粒陨石标准化配分曲线呈右倾型,轻重稀土分馏明显,轻稀土分异明显,而重稀土分异并不显著,Eu呈现弱负异常(δEu =0.48 ～0.86).来自岩体的锆石原位Hf同位素测定结果表明,εHf(t)值变化于8.60～11.31,加权平均值为9.96±0.53(n =8),二阶段Hf模式年龄(tDM2)变化于538～711Ma.通过该岩体岩相学、地球化学及Hf同位素特征的综合研究以及该区区域构造演化表明,雅满苏北岩体是幔源岩浆底侵带来的大量热能使得新元古代新生的下地壳物质发生部分熔融的产物.结合前人的研究,笔者认为,东天山地区的印支期岩浆活动的动力来源可能与中-晚石炭世天山陆壳整体化进入板内阶段后又受到特提斯构造体制显著影响有关.     

Backarc mafic–ultramafic magmatism in Northeastern Vietnam and its regional tectonic significance

The geology of Northern Vietnam offers critical clues on the convergence history between the South China and Indochina blocks. We constrain the tectonic evolution of the South China and Indochina blocks using geochemical, mineral chemical and geochronological data collected from mafic–ultramafic rocks exposed in the Cao Bang area, Northeastern Vietnam. These rocks show significant enrichment in large ionic lithophile elements (LILEs) such as Cs, Rb, Ba, Th, U, and Pb and depletion in high field strength elements (HFSEs) such as Nb, Ta, Zr, and Ti showing [Nb/La]_N between 0.28–0.41, [La/Yb]_N = 3.94–10.00 and Zr/Y = 2.0–4.4. These geochemical features as well as the petrology and mineral chemistry of the Cao Bang mafic–ultramafic magmas are comparable to those of magmatic complexes formed in a back-arc environment. The basalts yield Rb–Sr whole rock ages of 263 ± 15 Ma, that are consistent with the zircon U–Pb and K–Ar ages reported in previous studies from the same area. The spatial and temporal distribution of the arc magmas within the Indochina block and along the southern margin of the South China block suggest that the Permo-Triassic mafic–ultramafic magmas formed during a tectonic event that is different from the subduction and collision event between the Indochina and South China blocks.     

王仙岭岩体地质地球化学特征及其对湘东南印支晚期构造环境的制约

王仙岭岩体位于湘东南,形成于晚三叠世,主要由黑云母二长花岗岩和二云母二长花岗岩组成。岩石高硅、高钾、富碱,SiO2含量为70.99%～75.93%;K2O含量平均为4.32%;Na2O K2O为5.10%～8.67%;K2O/Na2O平均为2.09。A/CNK比值为1.07～2.44,KN/A比值为0.37～0.86,属高钾钙碱性系列强过铝质花岗岩类。REE含量低,平均为90.19μg/g;δEu值0.23～0.38;(La/Yb)N值为6.17～14.1;具Ba、Nb、Sr和Ti负异常。ISr值为0.72074,εSr(t)值为30,εNd(t)值为-12.0,t2DM为1.97Ga。源岩成分的A/MF-C/MF图解判别显示为碎屑岩。结合区域岩石圈结构,上述特征表明花岗岩源岩应为中地壳结晶片岩、片麻岩。根据多种氧化物与微量元素构造环境判别图解,结合地质特征、构造演化背景等,认为包括王仙岭岩体在内的湘东南印支期花岗岩形成于陆内同造山阶段的后碰撞构造环境。印支期花岗岩的具体形成机制为:在峰期变形之后挤压应力相对松弛,深部压力降低,因地壳增厚而升温的中地壳岩石因熔点降低而得以熔融,并在相对开放的环境下侵位成岩。     

塔里木沙漠石油公路沿线沙丘移动规律

通过对肖塘南2km试验路段100m×100m沙丘移动监测区1991年10月、1992年10月及1993年10月的3次详测,总体上可以认为,沙丘各几何形态参数间存在着较好的相关性。但限于沙源供应不足,沙丘发育具有不成熟性,从而使有些沙丘几何形态参数间不存在理论上应具有的相关性。沙丘高度与宽度有较好的线性正相关关系,与底面积及体积存在较好的指数正相关关系。从而可以认为,沙丘高度是反映沙丘形成、规模及发育程度的较好示量指征。沙丘移动方向随主风向的改变而改变,并与落沙坡方向有明显的不一致性。沙丘移动强度与高度、底面积成线性负相关关系,而与体积成指数负相关关系。在不同时期,上述关系可用相似的多元线性方程表示。沙丘前移过程中,沙丘形态既有由不成熟到成熟的正向演变又有由成熟向不成熟的逆向演变过程。     

内蒙古苏尼特左旗韧性剪切带研究

通过对韧性剪切带的研究,认为：这些韧性剪切带形成于印支运动,与中朝板块和西伯利亚板块在早二叠世末对接碰撞造山有成生联系。     

二维滑坡滑距预测

本文基于Kyoji Sassa滑坡运动模型的假设,即运动的滑坡满足牛顿流体运动方程,滑体内只存在侧压力,滑坡体积保持不变,能量损失只产生于滑面处的滑动摩擦,推导了二维滑坡运动模拟微分公式。将微分公式转化为差分公式,用Visual Basic语言编写出二维滑坡运动模拟程序。以陕西省延安市延炼原油山黄土滑坡为例,根据滑前地形,通过现场钻探揭示滑面,选择滑带土残剪试验测得的残余摩擦角作为视摩擦角,进行滑动模拟,结果与实际滑坡接近。最后以此滑动模型预测该滑坡南侧不稳定斜坡滑动的距离,对边坡滑动破坏后的危害范围做出预测。本文为滑坡滑距预测提供了一种简单、适用的方法。     

徐州地区冲断褶皱带研究

通过研究徐州地区构造的几何学特征,指出其构造为一薄皮型式的向北西逆掩的冲断褶皱带。其构造变形具有东西分带和南北分段的特征。东西可分为东部滑脱带、中部锋带和西部外缘带。这种分带性为在区内冲断层和推覆体下找煤指明了方向。锋带紧密的叠互式冲断层和褶皱与震旦系碳酸盐岩地层楔状体沿底部拆离带向北西滑脱有关。冲断褶皱带是在与郯庐断裂活动有关的挤压力和重力的联合作用下,形成于印支-燕山运动早期。     

The Late Triassic Dengfuxian A-type granite,Hunan Province: age,petrogenesis, and implications for understanding the late Indosinian tectonic transition in South China

The Triassic (Indosinian) granites in the South China Block (SCB) have important tectonic significance for understanding the evolution of Eastern Asia. The Dengfuxian biotite granite in eastern Hunan Province, China, reported in this article, was recognized as Late Triassic (late Indosinian) weakly peraluminous A-type granite with a zircon laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry U–Pb age of 225.7 ± 1.6 Ma. It is enriched in F, Cs, Rb, Th, high field strength elements, and rare earth elements (REEs) and depleted in Ba, Sr, P, Ti, Nb, and Ta, with high Ga/Al ratios and zircon saturation temperatures. The Dengfuxian biotite granite shows high initial Sr isotope values (0.715932 to 0.716499) and negative ?_Nd(t) (?10.46 to ?9.67) and ?_Hf(t) (?9.92 to ?6.29) values, corresponding to the Nd model ages of 1.79 to 1.85 Ga and the Hf model ages of 1.65 to 1.88 Ga. It is proposed that the Dengfuxian biotite granite was derived from high-temperature partial melting of the Palaeoproterozoic lower crust undergoing granulitization. Some Late Triassic A-type granites were recently identified in the SCB with the ages between 202 and 232 Ma. These A-type granites have the same geochemical characteristics and petrogenesis as Dengfuxian A-type granite, and show A₂-subtype granite affinity. The Late Triassic A-type granite formed a NE-trending granite belt, which is consistent with the main NE-trending faults in the SCB. The formation of these A-type granites was in response to the subduction of the palaeo-Pacific plate underneath the SCB, and indicates an extensional tectonic environment in the SCB. Combined with previous studies on tectonic evolution, we suggest that there may be a tectonic transition inside the SCB from compression to extension at least from 225 to 230 Ma.