应用深层平板载荷试验选择桩端持力层

深层平板载荷试验是一种新兴的原位测试方法。通过安阳某工程人工挖孔扩底灌注桩深层平板载荷试验的现场实践,确定了不同土层地基土的承载力特征值,为设计单位选择持力层提供数据,并为甲方节省了大量建设资金。     

A numerical study on 2-D compressive wave propagation in rock masses with a set of joints along the radial direction normal to the joints

An explosion in a borehole or an accidental explosion in a tunnel will generate a two-dimensional (2-D) compressive wave that travels through the surrounding rock mass. For the problem of 2-D compressive wave propagation in a rock mass with parallel joints in the radial direction normal to the joints, parametric studies on the transmission ratio and the maximum rebound ratio are performed in universal distinct element code. The variation of the transmission ratio with the ratio of joint spacing to wavelength is generalized into a characteristic curve, which can be used as a prediction model for estimating the transmission ratio. The relationship between the maximum rebound ratio and the influence factors is obtained in charts. The charts can be used as a prediction model for estimating the maximum rebound ratio. The proposed prediction models for estimating the transmission ratio and the maximum rebound ratio are applied to a field explosion test, Mandai test in Singapore. The minimum possible values of peak particle velocity (PPV) at the monitoring points are estimated by using the proposed prediction model for estimating the transmission ratio along the radial direction normal to the joints. On the other hand, the maximum possible values of PPV are estimated by using the proposed prediction model for estimating the maximum rebound ratio along the same radial direction. The comparison shows a good agreement between the field-recorded PPVs and the estimated range of PPVs given by the minimum possible PPVs and the maximum possible PPVs at the monitoring points in Mandai test. The good agreement between the estimated and field-recorded values validates the proposed prediction models for estimating peak particle velocity in a rock mass with a set of joints due to application of a compressive wave at the boundary of a tunnel or a borehole.     

New method for in situ characterization of loose material for landslide mapping purpose

The assessment of grain size distribution and plasticity of loose geological material, during in situ geological investigations, is not obvious. Visual appreciation allows an approximative quantification of the coarse granulometric fractions, but not of the fine ones. Field soils determination methods suggested until now, are visual and tactile tests leading to a very rough estimate, which is only qualitative and not very reproducible. The new proposed field test (GEOLEP method) allows a quick quantification of the fine fraction of loose material. It allows the determination of the sand fraction (fine and medium grained sands) as well as the methylene blue value of the samples. The necessary equipment to perform this test is light and compact and the time needed to analyze one sample is approximately 15 min. Thus it is also possible to carry out numerous measurements in one day. The calibrations were carried out on a selection of 13 natural samples, chosen for their representativeness of the typical alpine quaternary deposits. The results obtained with GEOLEP method are relevant compared with standardized laboratory tests; the obtained correlation indexes are of 73% for the comparison with laboratory stain test results and of 89% with a laboratory method using a similar procedure than the field test. The correlation we performed with Atterberg's limits tests shows that a rough approximation of plasticity index can also be obtained (R² = 75%). This method thus brings a new tool which should allow taking into account the lithological factor (by some quantitative and representative variables) in a reliable way for the evaluation of landslide hazards.     

土石混合料剪切面分形特征试验研究

土石混合料因具有良好的工程特性而被广泛应用于道路、堤坝等工程，填筑体受力后往往沿薄弱面发生剪切破￡混合料的抗剪强度成为稳定和变形分析的重要力学指标。由于土石混合料物质组成的复杂性、结构分布的不规律性及采柠困难性，且受检测仪器的限制，确定其强度指标较为困难。应用改进的直剪试验仪进行了不同类别、不同最大粒径土石福料的室内大型直剪试验，在获得强度指标同时，再现剪切面的实际情况，量测剪切面的起伏特征。根据分形几何学原理，切面具有良好的分形特征，应用三角形棱柱表面积覆盖法编程计算了剪切面的分形维数。初步建立了剪切面分形维数与福料杭萌强度之间的关系，用来快速预测土石混合料的强度指标。     

帷幕灌浆在坝基防渗处理中的应用——以新疆乌什水水库为例

新疆乌什水水库为注入式水库。于1984年始修,总库容3850×104m3,灌溉下游农田。因坝基严重渗漏,2002年被新疆水利专家评为险库,对坝基需进行防渗帷幕灌浆处理。为此,设计和施工中确定了坝基防渗处理原则,从而探索出一套最佳的灌浆工艺。现场运用多种手段对灌浆质量进行全面检查,对施工全过程实施质量控制和跟踪监理,使施工的838个灌浆孔(总进尺25804.18m)的优良率达84.8%,7个固结灌浆单元和21个帷幕灌浆单元工程合格率达100%。固结灌浆和帷幕灌浆部分工程及坝基防渗帷幕单位工程均被评为优良工程。     

Static load tests of driven concrete piles under CFRP confinement

ABSTRACT

This paper describes compressive static load tests of concrete driven piles confined by Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer (CFRP). The tested piles include one concrete pipe pile and one concrete rectangular pile which are all partially confined by CFRP, and other two piles with the same dimensions without CFRP application. Tests program was performed to obtain the behaviours of these composite piles. Four Static Loading Tests (SLTs) were conducted and the results shown that those two types of composite pile demonstrate less vertical displacement with the same loading of traditional concrete piles. Furthermore, the traditional methods of Load-settlement (Q-s) curves, Settlement-lg (Load) (s-lgQ) curves and Settlement-lg (Time) curves are analysed. Due to un-plunging condition, the interpretation methods of Davisson’s, DeBeers, Double-Tangent as well as Chin’s methods are demonstrated for the ultimate bearing capacity of these four piles. It is concluded that the CFRP confinement increased the ultimate bearing capacity and this composite material can be perfectly applied in geotechnical condition.     

双轴压缩条件下绿片岩的蠕变规律研究

在锦屏二级水电站辅助洞绿片岩的双轴压缩蠕变试验结果的基础上,研究了应力路径对双轴压缩蠕变变形的影响。结果表明:当侧向应力相同时,随着轴向应力的增加,轴向稳态蠕变阶段的变形速率逐渐增加;当轴向应力相同时,随着侧向应力的增加,轴向稳态蠕变阶段的变形速率逐渐减小。     

数字电子水准仪DiNi10性能实测分析

对蔡司公司的ＤｉＮｉ１０数字电子水准仪,通过主要指标测试、条件试验和６６ｋｍ的实际外业测量,特别是与精密自平水准仪Ｎｉ００２的４０ｋｍ同桩平行测量试验,论述了此种仪器的性能及其作业规律和特点。结果表明该仪器可用于一等水准测量和精密地形变监测。指出了该仪器的不足之处。     

高压实膨润土热湿力性能测试

本文介绍了高压实样品的制样特点,测试了高压实膨润土样的导热系数,热膨胀系数,对高压实膨润土热湿力特性研究有较大参考价值。     

汤渡河大坝爆破振动及混凝土声波检测

运用爆破振动测试与混凝土声波检测相结合的方法,对汤渡河水库大坝混凝土拆除爆破进行了有效的控制,在保证大坝安全的前提下,大大加快了施工进度,是一种行之有效的方法,对同类工程有较大的借鉴作用。