甘肃花牛山铅锌银矿床成因：来自原位S、Pb同位素及微量元素的约束

甘肃花牛山铅锌银矿床位于中亚造山带中段的甘肃北山地区。本文在详细的野外观察和室内鉴定的基础上,将花牛山铅锌银矿床成矿阶段划分为石英-毒砂-黄铁矿(第Ⅰ成矿阶段)和石英-多金属硫化物(第Ⅱ成矿阶段)两个阶段;进一步将黄铁矿划分为三种类型,分别为第一种类型的胶状黄铁矿(Py0)、第二种类型的热液叠加交代特征的黄铁矿(Py Ⅰ)及第三种类型的热液黄铁矿(PyⅡ)。黄铁矿、磁黄铁矿的原位硫同位素研究表明,成矿从早到晚硫化物δ~(34)S值呈递增的规律,具有逐渐向岩浆硫演化的趋势;胶状黄铁矿δ~(34)S值为-9.37‰～-8.10‰,具有沉积(生物成因)硫的特征;成矿第Ⅰ阶段硫化物δ~(34)S值为-9.03‰～-7.03‰,成矿第Ⅱ阶段硫化物δ~(34)S值为-5.77‰～-4.88‰,成矿阶段具有沉积硫与岩浆硫混合来源的特征。黄铁矿、磁黄铁矿的原位铅同位素研究表明,成矿期硫化物的~(206)Pb/~(204) Pb值、~(207)Pb/~(204) Pb值、~(208) Pb/~(204) Pb值以及μ、ω等铅同位素特征值组成范围较窄,铅源为与岩浆作用有关的壳幔混合来源,且与壳幔混合来源的晚三叠世花岗岩中长石铅及其控制的矽卡岩型金矿硫化物铅同位素组成类似。黄铁矿原位微量元素研究表明,胶状黄铁矿(Py0) Co/Ni和S/Se 比值分别为0.004～0.34和3.43 × 10~4～34.84 × 10~4,Se含量为1.558 × 10~(-6)～15.82 × 10~(-6),表现为沉积成因黄铁矿的特征。具有热液叠加交代特征Py Ⅰ的Co/Ni和S/Se 比值分别为0.05～3.38、0.05 ×10~4～5.38 ×10~4,Se含量为10.09 × 10~(-6)～1070 × 10~(-6),数值分布范围广,总体上有别于沉积成因黄铁矿,类似于热液成因黄铁矿的特征。热液黄铁矿(Py Ⅱ)的Co/Ni和S/Se 比值分别为0.60-68.88、1.46 × 10~4～9.15 × 10~4,Se含量为5.938 × 10~(-6)-35.91 × 10~(-6),表现为热液成因的特征。综上研究,认为花牛山矿床经历了南华纪-震旦纪沉积胶状黄铁矿形成期和晚三叠世岩浆热液成矿期,胶状黄铁矿在成矿过程中提供了部分硫,成矿金属物质主要来自晚三叠世岩浆成矿热液,并认为矿床成因为岩浆热液型矿床。     

The determination ofin situ rock thermal properties and the simulation of climate in an underground mine

Summary This paper describes the results from a continuing research project started in 1984, which is investigating improved methods for predicting the underground climate in hot mines. The Homestake Gold Mine in South Dakota was the site for testing methods, based on radial heat flow theory, to measurein situ values of the thermal conductivity and diffusivity of rock. The methods used proved to be quite within the capability of mine staff to carry out for themselves. The results were acceptable and verified thatin situ thermal rock properties can differ considerably from laboratory determined values, in this case by a factor of approximately two.A mine climate simulation program, CLIMSIM, was applied to case studies from the Homestake mine using the measured thermal rock parameters. The results showed good correlation between the measured and simulated values.     

石质构件风化层内力学性能变化规律研究

石质构件风化层内力学参数随深度变化的规律是石质古建筑稳定性、耐久性和保护方案研究中重要的内容。本文针对古建筑石质构件风化层不便取样,风化岩样加工易破坏和室内试验只能得出试件整体的力学参数,不能反映风化层内力学参数由表及里逐渐变化的不足,综合运用现场声波测试和室内试验对义乌宋代古月桥(建于1213年)风化条石的抗压强度、弹性模量与深度的关系进行了研究。研究表明,风化层内岩石弹性模量、抗压强度与未风化区域的比值随深度呈较好的负指数关系。     

中国地质学会百年庆典活动标识及使用要求

2022年,中国地质学会迎来了百年华诞,为进一步扩大百年庆典活动的影响力,于2021年6月向社会公开征集活动标识。经遴选,拟启用下图作为中国地质学会百年华诞庆典活动唯一指定标识。     

评论硝板天日晒盐与“原地化学反应池”

开采３０００多年历史的世界级著名山西运城盐湖及其遗留下的人造矿层─硝板和硝板天日晒盐的奥秘已被中国著名学者蔡克勤、扬长辛及柴继光等人探明，瑞士籍卓有成就的国际地质学家许靖华教授提出的“原地化学反应池”专利其原理与硝板天日晒盐有惊人相似之处，值得人们探求“原地化学反应池”在开发盐湖资源中的应用前途．     

Sr and Pb isotopic composition of five USGS glasses (BHVO-2G, BIR-1G, BCR-2G, TB-1G, NKT-1G)

Sr isotopic compositions and Rb / Sr ratios of three USGS glasses (BHVO-2G, BIR-1G, BCR-2G) are identical to those of the original USGS reference materials. NKT-1G and TB-1G give values of 0.70351 and 0.70558, respectively. Pb isotopic ratios were measured by the standard-sample bracketing technique on an MC-ICP-MS, which give results that are comparable in accuracy and reproducibility to double spike analyses. However, assessment of the reproducibility of the technique is hampered by inhomogeneous contamination of all USGS reference materials analysed. This contamination is likely to be the reason why the USGS glasses do not all have the same Pb isotopic composition as their unfused originals. Powdered glasses, distributed for characterisation of the glasses by bulk analytical techniques, do not all have the same Pb isotopic compositions as the solid glass material, and can therefore not be used for this purpose.     

九江地区盛夏雷雨大风预报方法

通过天气形势分型、数值预告产品释用,建立了盛夏雷雨大风综合预报方程。结果表明,利用综合预报方程对雷雨大风进行预报,其准确率有较明显的提高。     

碎屑岩的物质成分、物质来源与大地构造关系──以宣龙内陆海长城期常州沟─串岭沟组碎屑岩为例

应用ＷＲＤｉｃｋｉｎｓｏｎ等人对砂岩与物源分析结果，对我国华北地台第一沉积盖层的宣龙内陆海长城系的常州沟组和串岭组的砂岩和石英岩状砂岩进行投点，结果表明，形成砂岩和石英岩状砂岩的主要物源，是内陆海南北两侧的大陆块蚀源区的克拉通源区。通过阴极发光分析，进一步揭示了克拉通古陆火成岩的物源略多于变质岩。重矿物鉴定结果，确定了火成岩主要为花岗岩和花岗闪长岩；变质岩为合石榴石斜长片麻岩和角闪片麻岩等。克拉通岩石经过长期风化，碎屑经过远距离搬运和充分地离解和分解之后，在宣龙内陆海沉积了常州沟、串岭沟组的砂岩和石英岩状砂岩。     

Comparing liquefaction evaluation methods using penetration-VS relationships

Three methods that follow the general format of the Seed-Idriss simplified procedure for evaluating liquefaction resistance of soils are compared in this paper. They are compared by constructing relationships between penetration resistance and small-strain shear–wave velocity (V_S) implied from cyclic resistance ratio (CRR) curves for the three methods, and by plotting penetration-V_S data pairs. The penetration-V_S data pairs are from 43 Holocene-age sand layers in California, South Carolina, Canada, and Japan. It is shown that the V_S-based CRR curve is more conservative than CRR curves based on the Standard Penetration Test (SPT) and Cone Penetration Test (CPT), for the compiled Holocene data. This result agrees with the findings of a recent probability study where the SPT-, CPT-, and V_S-based CRR curves were characterized as curves with average probability of liquefaction of 31, 50, and 26%, respectively. New SPT- and CPT-based CRR equations are proposed that provide more consistent assessments of liquefaction potential for the Holocene sand layers considered.     

新疆扎基斯坦地区土壤元素有机结合态测量法找铀试验研究

针对常规物化探方法对寻找砂岩型铀矿几乎无效这一现实，初步探讨了土壤元素有机结合态形成机理，并应用土壤有机结合态铀、钼测量法在新疆伊犁盆地南缘扎基斯坦地区进行了寻找地浸砂岩型铀矿试验。与全铀及210Po法测量结果对比表明，土壤有机结合态铀、钼异常能较好地反映埋深200 m以内的铀矿化，而全铀及210Po测量结果对深部砂岩型铀矿化几乎无任何显示。因此，土壤有机结合态铀、钼测量法有望成为地浸砂岩型铀矿找矿的有效方法。