西藏罗布莎铬铁矿中的原位铂族矿物研究:铬铁矿结晶环境的指示

本文对罗布莎三个矿区的铬铁矿进行了详细的原位PGM研究,发现罗布莎各个矿区的铬铁矿中PGM组合和显微结构不同,暗示PGM能够记录铬铁矿形成与演化过程。罗布莎矿区的PGM显微特征显示铬铁矿结晶于高温、低硫逸度的环境中,可能系岩石/熔体反应和结晶分异双重作用下的产物;康金拉矿区的原位PGM主要为组合型包裹体,有少量产于铬铁矿裂隙之间的贱金属硫化物和合金矿物,为不同来源的熔体混合作用的结果,并暗示铬铁矿成矿后还受到热液流体的改造;香卡山矿区的PGM表明铬铁矿成矿之后遭受到还原性流体的交代作用,铬铁矿中早期结晶出来的硫化物或者铂族矿物被还原改造,形成铁镍矿等次生矿物,保存于铬铁矿粒间或者铬铁矿的裂隙中,这个过程可能与蛇纹石化或者晚期构造流体改造作用有关。罗布莎原位PGM研究表明,PGM矿物贯穿于铬铁矿结晶成矿过程的始终,PGM的矿物及其组合能够记录铬铁矿结晶时母熔体的物理化学条件,甚至还能反映铬铁矿成矿后所经历的后期构造热液事件。因此,结合单矿物分选和原位调查两种方法,查明铬铁矿中PGM的赋存类型及微观结构,对全面理解铬铁矿的成矿过程有重要意义。     

Utilizing in vivo nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to study sublethal stress in aquatic organisms

In vivo nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) is a powerful technique for characterizing the sublethal actions of physical and chemical stressors in live, intact organisms. In particular, 31P NMR is ideal for observing perturbations to cellular energetics since critical metabolite concentrations, including phosphagens, ATP and inorganic phosphate (Pi), can be measured non-invasively and in real time. This technique's versatility is demonstrated not only in the diversity of organisms that can be studied, but also in its broad-ranging applicability to environmental research. Illustrative studies include the actions of copper in adult red abalone (Haliotis rufescens) and changes in energetically important metabolites in developing medaka embryos (Oryzias latipes). Advantages and disadvantages of in vivo NMR will be discussed.     

Simultaneous vertical measurements of in situ pH and CO2 in the sea using spectrophotometric profilers

We have developed new systems capable of profiling to >1000 m for measuring in situ pH and fugacity of CO₂ (fCO₂) in the ocean using spectrophotometric analysis (pH and CO₂ profilers). The in situ pH is determined by detecting the color change of the pH indicator (m-cresol purple). It can withstand ambient pressure to 1000 m depth. The CO₂ profiler analyzed in situ fCO₂ by detecting the change of pH in an inner solution, equilibrated with the seawater through a gas permeable membrane. It can be operated to 2500 m depth. We used an amorphous fluoropolymer tubing form of AF-2400 for the gas permeable membrane due to its high gas permeability coefficients. The inner solution was a mixture of 2 μM bromocresol purple (BCP) and 5 μM sodium hydroxide. This system gave us a response time of 1 minute, which is twice as fast as previous systems. The precisions of pH and CO₂ profilers were within 0.002 and 2.5% respectively. We have used these profilers to study the North Pacific, obtaining good agreement with the difference between the data from profilers and a discrete bottle of 0.002 ± 0.005 pH (SE, n = 25) and −0.4 ± 3 μatm (SE, n = 31).     

In situ nitrite measurements using a compact spectrophotometric analysis system

Application of a portable spectrophotometric analysis system for measurement of nitrite in seawater is described in this work. The spectral analysis system (SEAS) used for observations of the primary nitrite maximum (PNM) has an operational depth of 500 m and is capable of fully autonomous data acquisition and analysis. The liquid core waveguides (LCWs) used as optical cells in SEAS allow for optical pathlengths as long as 5 m and provide subnanomolar detection limits for a variety of analytes. The 1-m waveguide used in the present study had an internal volume of 0.52 cm³ and provided NO₂⁻ measurement precisions and detection limits on the order of 1.2 and 2.5 nM. The time required for a complete in situ analysis, approximately 3–5 min, allows acquisition of detailed profiles on time scales commensurate with the duration of typical hydrocast operations. NO₂⁻ profiles in the Gulf of Mexico showed very sharp gradients over a 5–10-m depth range and a primary nitrite maximum between 100 and 130 m. A shoulder was often observed approximately 10 m below the primary maximum, with relatively slowly decreasing NO₂⁻ concentrations at increasing depth.     

海水硅酸盐现场自动监测技术化学工艺优化研究

阐述了硅酸盐测量时试剂的不稳定性，介绍了还原剂配出时间与吸光值之间的关系、化学反应时间的确定及温度对化学反应的影响和盐度效应问题，给出了硅酸盐现场自动化学分析工艺优化流程图。     

Reprint of “Seasonal and daily variation of mercury evasion at coastal and off shore sites from the Mediterranean Sea”

Dissolved gaseous mercury (DGM) was measured continuously using two newly developed techniques and a manual technique. The continuous techniques were based on the equilibrium between the aqueous and gaseous phase (DGM = Hg_extr / H', Hg_extr is the measured mercury concentration in the gas phase, H' is the Henry's Law coefficient at the desired temperature). In order to calculate the annual mercury evasion from the Mediterranean Sea, diurnal and seasonal measurements of DGM, total gaseous mercury in air (TGM), water temperature and wind speed were performed. During August 2003, March–April 2004 and October–November 2004 measurements of these parameters were conducted on board the RV Urania. The continuous measurements of DGM showed a diurnal variation in concentration, at both coastal and off shore sites, with higher concentrations during daytime than nighttime. The concentration difference could be as large as 130 fM between day and night. The degree of saturation was calculated directly from the measurements, S = Hg_extr / TGM and was found to vary between the different seasons. The highest average degree of saturation (850%) and the largest variation in saturation (600–1150%) was observed during the summer. The spring showed the lowest variation (260–360%) and the lowest average degree of saturation (320%). The autumn also showed a large variation in saturation (500–1070%) but a lower average (740%) compared to the summer cruise. This might be explained by the temperature difference between the different seasons, since that parameter varied the most. The flux from the sea surface was calculated using the gas exchange model developed by Nightingale et al. [Nightingale, P.D., Malin, G., Law, C.S., Watson, A.J., Liss, P.S., Liddicoat, M.I., Boutin, J., Upstill-Goddard, R. C., 2000. In situ evaluation of air–sea gas exchange parameterization using novel conservative and volatile tracers. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 14(1):373–387]. The evasion varied between the different seasons with the highest evasion during the autumn, 24.6 pmol m^− 2 h^− 1. The summer value was estimated to 22.3 pmol m^− 2 h^− 1 and the spring to 7.6 pmol m^− 2 h^− 1. Using this data the yearly evasion from the Mediterranean Sea surface was estimated to 77 tons.     

中国地质学会百年庆典活动标识及使用要求

2022年,中国地质学会迎来了百年华诞,为进一步扩大百年庆典活动的影响力,于2021年6月向社会公开征集活动标识。经遴选,拟启用下图作为中国地质学会百年华诞庆典活动唯一指定标识。     

The metallogenic mechanism of the Shabulengshan Cu-Zn deposit: Constrain from fluid inclusions,O-H and in situ S isotopesSCIEI北大核心CSCD

沙布楞山矿床是大兴安岭南段近年来新发现的中型脉状铜锌矿床,其矿体主要赋存于下二叠统大石寨组和上侏罗统满克头鄂博组内,受北西向的断裂构造控制。依据矿物组合和矿脉穿切关系,可将成矿作用分为:辉钼矿-石英阶段(Ⅰ阶段),含铜锌硫化物阶段(Ⅱ阶段),石英-方解石(Ⅲ阶段)三个主要成矿阶段。流体包裹体研究表明,沙布楞山矿床主要发育气液两相包裹体(Ⅰa和Ⅰb型)、富气相包裹体(Ⅱa和Ⅱb型)和含子矿物包裹体(Ⅲ型)。Ⅰ阶段、Ⅱ阶段、Ⅲ阶段的包裹体的均一温度和盐度分别为313~412℃和3.2%~48.5%NaCleqv、310~367℃和1.0%~7.8%NaCleqv、178~283℃和2.7%~5.0%NaCleqv。计算获得压力为15~32MPa,对应估算的成矿深度为3.2~4.4km。激光拉曼光谱成分分析表明,主成矿阶段(Ⅱ阶段)包裹体中普遍含有CH_(4)±CO_(2)成分,表明沙布楞山铜锌矿床主成矿阶段属于含CH_(4)-CO_(2)的中高温-中低盐度体系热液。不同矿化阶段流体包裹体的δD值为-136‰~-146‰,估算的成矿流体δ^(18)O_(H2O)值为-4.38‰~5.42‰,显示初始成矿流体主要来自岩浆水,晚期有大气降水的混入。成矿流体较低的δD值和CH_(4)等烃类组分的存在,表明该矿床的形成可能受到了地层有机质的影响。硫化物原位微区的δ^(34 )S值变化范围为-0.8‰~-9.0‰,说明沙布楞山矿床成矿物质具有深部岩浆来源的特征并有地层的混染作用。综上分析认为,沙布楞山矿床成矿机制为源自深部的含矿热液向浅部运移的过程中发生沸腾作用,并与地层产生交代反应,导致CH_(4)、CO_(2)逃逸,最终诱发矿质富集沉淀成矿。     

微生物异常探索江汉盆地江陵凹陷万城断裂带北部油气富集规律及有利区

江汉盆地江陵凹陷万城断裂带北部研究区,地表条件复杂,地震和钻井施工困难,油气富集规律还不甚清楚。因此,试图通过微生物找油方法,最小成本最高效率,以探明本研究区的油气富集规律。研究区面积约230.0 km2,采集样品间距南北500 m × 东西250 m,共采集并分析了样品2354个。研究表明,微生物异常主要分布在万城断层的东侧,其中微生物气异常零星分布,异常较弱,无独立气藏。在综合地质等资料的基础上,微生物异常分布特征表明,万城断裂带显示了来自北西和北东向的双向物源,油气来源于梅槐桥洼陷,属近源成藏。万城断裂带东侧和坡折带低位扇砂体是油气有利富集区,前景较好,主要为古近系新沟咀组成藏。万城断裂带西侧有小面积油藏,可能系白垩系成藏。最后,对微生物异常区进行了分级评价,指明了重点攻关区、评价有利和较有利区,对大幅降低勘探风险和提高勘探成功率,具有重大的社会经济效益和深远的现实意义。     

原地浸出采铀的水岩作用研究

原地浸出采铀时，含矿层会发生各种复杂的水岩作用。运用聚类分析方法研究溶浸化学全分析数据发现，除了CO3^2-和HCO3^-之外，其他组分呈正相关，而且有些组分密切正相关，说明它们的浓度变化规律很相似。根据含矿层矿物成分，分析了矿物和溶浸液之间的水岩反应，推出了反应方程式，并探讨了溶浸液中各种组分可能的来源。然后，用矿石静态浸出试验的数据对各种组分的反应速度进行了定量对比。