洪浩尔舒特凹陷下白垩统近岸水下扇沉积特征

通过对岩芯、录井、测井及地震等资料的综合分析, 明确了洪浩尔舒特凹陷陡坡带下白垩统近岸水下扇的沉积序列、展布特征、演化规律及扇体发育的控制因素。本区近岸水下扇可被划分为内扇、中扇及外扇三个亚相, 主要发育具块状层理、递变层理的碎屑支撑中、细砾岩, 具鲍马序列的浊积岩以及具滑塌构造的滑塌岩, 另可见到震积岩。扇体自早白垩世阿尔善组沉积晚期开始发育, 至腾一段时期规模达到最大且向北东迁移3.5 km左右;腾二段时期构造活动减弱, 湖盆开始萎缩, 扇体规模随之缩小, 且至腾二段末期扇体逐渐向扇三角洲沉积过渡。近岸水下扇的沉积特征及其分布演化规律主要受控于该区多期强烈的构造活动和潮湿炎热的古气候因素。陡坡带发育的板式边界断层, 断面陡峭平直、活动剧烈, 为近岸水下扇的发育提供了有利的构造背景。     

准噶尔盆地西北缘玛北地区百口泉组扇三角洲沉积模式

准噶尔盆地西北缘二叠纪-三叠纪强烈的同生断裂活动和逆冲推覆构造使西北缘三叠系为大型内陆坳陷湖盆沉积, 发育多级坡折, 大型坳陷湖盆坡折带控制了玛北地区扇体的发育。通过岩芯、铸体薄片及测井资料, 结合地层超覆叠置、岩性纵向组合及砂体的展布分析可知玛北地区三叠系百口泉组发育典型的扇三角洲沉积, 根据沉积相标志和扇三角洲内部成因沉积单元的精细刻画, 识别出3种亚相和11种微相:即扇三角洲平原亚相的水上泥石流砾岩微相、辫状河道砂砾岩微相、平原河道间砂泥岩微相;扇三角洲前缘亚相的水下主河道砾岩微相、水下河道砂砾岩微相、水下泥石流砂砾岩微相、水下河道间砂泥岩微相、水下河道末端砂岩微相、河口坝-远砂坝砂岩微相;前扇三角洲亚相的前扇三角洲粉砂岩微相和前扇三角洲泥岩微相。玛北地区三叠系是在湖侵背景下多级坡折控制的扇体, 扇三角洲是重力流与牵引流综合沉积作用的结果, 向北东物源方向呈退积沉积, 是一种典型的湖侵退积型扇三角洲。     

鄂尔多斯盆地环江地区长7储层沉积相研究

环江地区长7储层底部广泛发育张家滩高阻泥岩,为中生界优质烃源岩,源储接触关系明显,砂体含油饱和度高,是勘探开发的重要储层。以岩心观察的岩石相标志及测井相分析为基础,通过地层砂地比、单井相剖面的相序分析,对鄂尔多斯盆地环江地区长7储层沉积相类型及发育规律进行综合研究。结果表明:环江地区长7期主要沉积体系属于河流三角洲相和湖泊相沉积体系,发育三角洲前缘亚相和浊积扇亚相,主要沉积微相类型包括有水下分流河道、水下天然堤、分流间湾、浊积水道、浊积水道前缘、浊积水道间。根据沉积微相展布和演化规律可以得出研究区的沉积模式。     

汉石桥湿地引水工程的可行性及对地下水的影响研究

以汉石桥湿地引水工程为例,结合北京市人民政府关于实行最严格水资源管理制度的意见,从水资源承载能力出发,收集和调查项目区的水资源状况和供水现状,分析项目需水合理性,供水方案的可行性和可靠性,本地区水资源条件对项目用水的保障程度等,以及项目用水对区域水资源和其他用户的影响情况。     

Alluvial fan and wetland interactions: evidence of seasonal slope wetlands from the Silurian of south central Wales,UK

Distal environs of the Ludlow‐age Trichrug Formation from south central Wales (UK) detail deposition on the outer fringe of an ephemeral debris flow‐dominated alluvial fan. Debrites and subordinate sheetflood deposits are interbedded with sporadic thin sandstone‐dominated heterolithic units deposited in shallow, ephemeral ponds in the axial valley. The latter slope wetland system fringed the permeable alluvial fan deposits, being maintained by streamflow, precipitation and ground water recharge. A prolonged high water table is indicated by low chroma intervals interpreted as the result of gleying. A variety of redoximorphic indicators, including colour mottling and ferricrete concretions, are evidence of iron mobilization and concentration associated with a seasonally fluctuating water table. The slope wetlands were colonized periodically by Skolithos‐generating organisms, most likely to have been arthropods. The widespread occurrence of redoximorphic indicators and ferricrete contrasts markedly with calcrete Vertisols in penecontemporaneous continental deposits (Lower Old Red Sandstone) of the region. It is likely that the alluvial fan‐toe area was the site of a wetland depression, which maintained a high, though fluctuating, water table. In contrast the alluvial channel reaches of the surrounding drainage network were significantly better drained, with floodplains prone to wetting and drying and Vertisol palaeopedogenesis.     

Tectonic and climatic controls on Holocene channel migration,incision and terrace formation by the Rio Grande in the Palomas half graben,southern Rio Grande rift,USA

In order to evaluate potential effects of tectonics and climate change on the behaviour of the axial Rio Grande in the Rio Grande rift, a 16·5 km stretch of modern floodplain and Holocene terraces were mapped in the tectonically active Palomas half graben, south‐central New Mexico, USA. In addition, 51 cores and natural exposures were logged and 20 radiocarbon dates were obtained from charcoal, bulk organic matter, mollusc shells and pedogenic calcite. The Holocene alluvium comprises four terraces above the modern floodplain, each of which formed by a period of river incision followed by stability and renewed floodplain construction to a level below that of the previous terraces. Estimated times of incision between Terraces I and II, II and III, and III and IV are after 12 400, 8040 to 5310, and 760 to 550 yr bp , respectively, whereas the incision between Terrace IV and the modern floodplain occurred within the last 260 years. Although there is some evidence for tectonic control on river behaviour in the southern part of the basin, terrace formation is interpreted as being related to climate change, with periods of incision corresponding to times of increased aridity and low sediment/water discharge ratio in the Rio Grande. This process may have resulted from a reduction in intensity and magnitude of summer storms which supply sediment to the axial river, coupled with an increase in spring discharge peak caused by snowmelt in upstream mountain catchments.     

Do small marinas drive habitat specific impacts? A case study from Mediterranean Sea

Many human activities add new structures to the marine landscape. Despite the fact that human structures cause some inevitable impacts, surprisingly little information exists on the effects of marina on natural marine assemblages. The aim of this paper is to assess habitat-specific response of benthic sessile organisms of rocky shores in relation to the presence of a small marina. Sampling was carried out at three coastal habitats (midshore, lowshore and subtidal) by means of visual censuses adopting an after-control-impact (ACI) experimental design. It appears that the marina affects the structure and composition of benthic communities of both the midshore and the lowshore. Little effect was evident on shallow subtidal assemblage structure. The results of the present study clearly show habitat-specific responses of coastal benthic assemblages to the presence of infrastructure.     

2010年智利地震海啸数值模拟及其对我国沿海的影响分析

2010年2月27日06时34分(北京时间14时34分),在智利中南部近岸(36.1°S,72.6°W)发生Mw8.8级地震,并引发了泛太平洋范围的海啸,太平洋沿岸多个国家的验潮站和海啸监测浮标均监测到了强震引发的海啸;海啸波传播25 h后到达我国沿海.本文利用海啸数值模型对此次地震海啸进行了数值模拟.重点模拟了我国沿...     

惠民凹陷孔店组末端扇沉积及其储层特征

惠民凹陷孔店组为末端扇沉积,中部亚相是其沉积砂体的主体.根据岩芯观察并结合地震资料,将末端扇中部亚相划分为分流河道、河道漫溢和泥滩三种沉积微相.孔店组砂岩类型主要为中细粒的长石砂岩和岩屑长石砂岩.末端扇储层中发生了多种类型的成岩作用,主要的自生矿物包括黏土矿物、碳酸盐、石英和长石等.孔店组砂岩主要受到埋藏成岩作用的影响...     

徐家围子断陷下白垩统营城组四段层序地层与沉积体系发育特征

徐家围子断陷下白垩统营城组四段是裂谷盆地火山喷发背景下发育的粗碎屑岩地层,是天然气储层。利用该区钻井、岩芯、测井和高分辨率三维地震资料,按照层序地层的原理对营四段层序地层进行了分析,以岩相分析为基础确定了营四段沉积体系类型。研究表明徐家围子断陷营四段发育营四下层序（Sq1）和营四上层序（Sq2）两个三级层序。营四下层序...