应用蒙特卡罗-免疫遗传算法分析土坡的稳定可靠性

本文借鉴疫苗提取、疫苗接种、免疫记忆、基因亲和突变、基因重组等思想提出了一种改进的免疫遗传算法。在此基础上研究了基于本文免疫遗传算法的土坡最危险滑动面搜索方法,并将该方法与蒙特卡罗随机模拟技术相结合,用于土坡稳定可靠性分析。工程实例计算结果与实际情况相符,验证了算法的有效性和分析方法的正确性。     

基于免疫进化算法的逻辑斯谛曲线水环境质量综合评价模型

在对现有水环境质量评价方法进行分析的基础上,提出用一种新型的优化算法———免疫进化算法应用于非线形的水环境质量综合评价模型,即逻辑斯谛曲线的参数优化问题,其结果优于目前广泛应用的遗传算法,从而建立了一种新的数学模型。实例研究表明,该算法易于操作、快速收敛于全局最优解,可用于解决复杂的优化问题,具有较为广阔的应用前景。     

厚壳贻贝(Mytilus coruscus)血细胞cDNA文库的构建及部分EST 序列分析

采用TRIZOLReagent提取厚壳贻贝血细胞总RNA,分离纯化mRNA,在此基础上以pCMV sport6质粒为载体通过Gateway技术构建了高质量的厚壳贻贝血细胞cDNA文库,以期获得厚壳贻贝血细胞的EST序列标签以及可能的免疫相关功能基因序列。从文库中随机挑选28个克隆进行序列测定及在线BLAST分析。结果表明,在28个随机克隆中,有4个克隆为rRNA基因,7个克隆为未知基因,推测是新基因,17个克隆为功能基因,包括脱氢酶,细胞色素氧化酶,热休克蛋白,金属结合蛋白,肌动蛋白等。以上研究结果为筛选厚壳贻贝免疫相关的新基因,深入研究厚壳贻贝免疫相关因子的分子多样性及免疫机制奠定了基础。     

饲料中铁对美国红鱼(Sciaenops ocellatus)生长和免疫的影响

采用单因子实验设计方法,进行了饲料中添加铁对美国红鱼生长(增重率、存活率、特定生长率和饲料效率)、免疫反应(血清溶菌酶活性、总补体活性和超氧化物歧化酶活性(Superoxide dismutase,SOD)和组织中铁积累量影响的研究。结果表明,各饲料组美国红鱼的成活率(93.33%-95.00%)无显著性差异(P>0.05);饲料铁含量在327.2、368.1mg/kg时饲料效率显著高于285.3、303.5、443.7mg/kg组(P<0.05);随着饲料中铁含量从285.3mg/kg增加到327.2mg/kg,美国红鱼的增重率和特定生长率显著升高(P<0.05),而饲料中铁含量达到443.7mg/kg之后,其增重率和特定生长率显著下降;以特定生长率为指标,通过回归拟合分析美国红鱼最佳生长性能的饲料铁含量为330mg/kg左右。各饲料组肌肉中铁积累量无显著性差异(P>0.05);随着饲料中铁含量从285.3mg/kg增加到443.7mg/kg,美国红鱼肝脏中铁积累量显著增加(P<0.05)。饲料铁含量在368.1mg/kg时血清溶菌酶活性达到最高值,并显著高于285.3、303.5、327.2mg/kg组(...     

Numerical simulation of hydrocarbon migration in tight reservoir based on Artificial Immune Ant Colony Algorithm: A case of the Chang 81 reservoir of the Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Huaqing area,Ordos Basin,China

The hydrocarbon migration in tight reservoirs is a complex process, the fluid flow patterns of which are notably different from those of conventional reservoirs. Therefore, specific mathematical models are needed to simulate the secondary hydrocarbon migrations. This study presents a numerical simulation method based on Artificial Immune Ant Colony Algorithm (AIACA) to simulate the secondary hydrocarbon migrations in tight reservoirs. It consists of three core parts: (1) the release modes of artificial ants based on the intensity of hydrocarbon generation; (2) the wandering patterns of artificial ants under the control of the dynamic field and the distribution of pheromones; (3) the updating modes of pheromones based on the changes in reservoir wettability. The simulation of secondary migration can be realized by the observing the dynamic movements and accumulations of the artificial ants. The method has been tested in the Chang 8₁ tight sandstone reservoir, which is part of the Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Huaqing Area, Ordos Basin in China, and proved to be successful in matching the current data in exploration and development.     

The impact of rising sea temperature on innate immune parameters in the tropical subtidal sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus and the intertidal sea urchin Echinometra lucunter

Ocean temperatures are rising throughout the world, making it necessary to evaluate the impact of these temperature changes on sea urchins, which are well-known bioindicators. This study evaluated the effect of an increase in temperature on the immune response of the subtidal Lytechinus variegatus and the intertidal Echinometra lucunter sea urchins. Both species were exposed to 20 (control), 25 and 30 °C temperatures for 24 h, 2, 7 and 14 days. Counting of coelomocytes and assays on the phagocytic response, adhesion and spreading of coelomocytes were performed. Red and colorless sphere cells were considered biomarkers for heat stress. Moreover, a significant decrease in the phagocytic indices and a decrease in both cell adhesion and cell spreading were observed at 25 and 30 °C for L. variegatus. For E. lucunter, the only alteration observed was for the cell proportions. This report shows how different species of sea urchins respond immunologically to rising temperatures.     

贝类神经内分泌和免疫系统对环境胁迫的响应

贝类养殖在中国海水养殖业中占有重要的地位，其产量占中国海水养殖总量的80%以上，也是出口创汇的主要对象。近年来栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)等贝类的大规模死亡制约了相关产业的发展，而导致栉孔扇贝(C.farreri)大规模死亡的直接病因是一种球形病毒(贺桂珍等， 2003；王崇明等，2002)，养殖海区生态环境的胁迫作用是其大规模死亡的重要诱因(张福绥等，1999)。在多种胁迫因子的协同作用下，贝类抗病力下降、病原体大量繁殖，从而引起大规模死亡。因此，系统地研究贝类神经内分泌和免疫系统对环境胁迫作用的响应是十分必要的。 胁迫反应指胁迫因子引起的机体在生物体、组织及分子水平上的行为学、细胞学和生化反应，包括神经内分泌反应、免疫反应以及多种行为反应(Bayne et al.，1975)。贝类胁迫反应尤其是神经内分泌反应及免疫反应的研究刚刚起步，国内相关报道很少。本文作者综述了国际有关贝类神经内分泌反应及免疫反应的研究进展，以期为国内在此领域的研究提供参考依据。     

A statistical model for spatial patterns of Buruli ulcer in the Amansie West district,Ghana

Buruli ulcer (BU), a skin ulceration caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans (MU), is the second most widespread mycobacterium infection in Ghana. Its infection pathway is possibly related to the potable and agricultural water supply. This study aims to identify environmental factors that influence infection in a part of Ghana. It examines the significance of contaminated surface drainage channels and groundwater using conditional autoregressive (CAR) statistical modelling. This type of modelling implies that the spatial pattern of BU incidence in one community depends on the influence of the environment in neighbouring communities. Covariates were included to assess the spatial relationship between environmental risk factors and BU incidence in the study area. The study reveals an association between (a) the mean As content of soil and spatial distribution of BU and (b) the distance to sites of gold mining and spatial distribution of BU. We conclude that both arsenic in the natural environment and gold mining influence BU infection.     

迟缓爱德华氏菌对牙鲆免疫器官的影响

当经口腔灌注大量迟缓爱德华氏菌后,牙Ｐｉｎｇ的头肾和脾脏内的免疫细胞活性增强,表现为单核细胞数量增加,颗粒细胞内产生大量的颗粒以及颗粒吞噬作用的增强。研究结果还表明,病菌也会对免疫器官产生损害,可造成细胞水肿,膜性结构破坏及细胞坏死。本文详细观察了牙Ｐｉｎｇ肾、脾、肝、肠及血液的显微结构和肾、脾、肝的超微结构的变化,研究结果对疫苗的应用提供了良好的细胞学基础。