中国对虾肝胰腺细小病毒感染的免疫病理学研究

于１９９２－１９９３年,用兔抗对虾肝胰腺细小病毒ＩｇＧ和辣根过氧化物酶标记的羊抗兔ＩｇＧ建立免疫组织病理检测技术,并用来肝胰腺小病毒感染和中国对虾肝胰腺组织作病理学分析,该方法利用抗原－抗体之间特异性结合的特点,首先令兔抗肝胰腺细小病毒抗体与相应的病毒成分结合,然后以酶标记的羊抗兔免疫球蛋白抗体与已结合到病毒上的抗体作用,并通过酶显色反应,揭示病毒和相应病变结构的存在,结果显示,免疫酶染色技术将病     

海洋酸化对青蛤免疫指标的影响

通过向水体中通入CO_2的方法模拟海洋酸化环境,测定青蛤(Cyclina sinensis)在酸化条件下各免疫指标的变化情况。结果显示:将青蛤置于酸化的海中(pH分别为7.4和7.7),并以自然海水做对照组(pH 8.1)后,血细胞总数随海水酸化胁迫时间的延长,表现为下降趋势,且差异显著(P0.05);海水pH降低抑制了溶菌酶的活性,但差异性不显著(P0.05);ACP活性总体呈下降趋势,对照组活性要高于酸化组,而ALP活性表现为上升趋势。酸化胁迫初期诱导SOD活性升高,后期SOD活性受到抑制,而CAT变化却截然相反;脂质过氧化产物MDA在酸化后期出现显著降低(P0.05)。     

一种波速结构的两步优化反演策略

借助虚拟反演思路,通过对各种遗传算子不同匹配方式的比较研究,指出了对于频散曲线反演浮点数编码与轮盘赌选择的匹配方式离线性能最好,提出了一种两步优化反演策略.该两步策略利用浮点数编码、轮盘赌选择、浮点数均匀交换与变异算子匹配组成基本遗传算法框架,在此框架基础上施加免疫启发策略和免重复计算加速策略,多次运行,对每次运行结果继续施加模拟退火算法使其至少达到局部最优,最后取得最优解.免疫启发策略充分利用最佳个体的信息加速进化进程,通过对每代的最佳个体施加一服从标准正态分布的随机数来加强对邻近区域的局部搜索,通过标准差的调整也兼顾了对邻近区域以外区域的搜索,将局部搜索和全局搜索有机地结合起来,同时还最大限度地降低了对遗传算法自身进化进程的干扰;免重复计算策略大大减少了正演计算次数,节约了计算成本,提高了反演效率.两步反演策略避免了多次平均法的缺陷,提高了反演结果的稳定性和精度,降低了非惟一性.     

基于免疫进化算法优化的灾情评估指数公式及效果检验

在分析灾情评估指标特征的基础上,提出了一种适用于多指标的灾情评估普适公式;对不同的评估指标及其分级标准,用免疫进化算法对公式中参数进行优化,得到对不同灾情评估指标及评价标准适用的指数公式。公式用于我国部分省市和地区的多种自然灾害的灾度评价,评价结果比较符合实际。该公式具有可比性、普适性和简单实用的特点。     

基于免疫进化算法的逻辑斯谛曲线水环境质量综合评价模型

在对现有水环境质量评价方法进行分析的基础上,提出用一种新型的优化算法———免疫进化算法应用于非线形的水环境质量综合评价模型,即逻辑斯谛曲线的参数优化问题,其结果优于目前广泛应用的遗传算法,从而建立了一种新的数学模型。实例研究表明,该算法易于操作、快速收敛于全局最优解,可用于解决复杂的优化问题,具有较为广阔的应用前景。     

应用蒙特卡罗免疫遗传算法分析土坡的稳定可靠 性

本文借鉴疫苗提取、疫苗接种、免疫记忆、基因亲和突变、基因重组等思想提出了一种改进的免疫遗传算法。在此基础上研究了基于本文免疫遗传算法的土坡最危险滑动面搜索方法,并将该方法与蒙特卡罗随机模拟技术相结合,用于土坡稳定可靠性分析。工程实例计算结果与实际情况相符,验证了算法的有效性和分析方法的正确性。     

Toxicogenomic analysis of immune system-related genes in Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) exposed to heavy oil

Heavy oil contamination is one of the most important environmental issues. Toxicities of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), including immune toxicities, are well characterized, however, the immune toxic effects of heavy oil, as a complex mixture of PAHs, have not been investigated. In the present study, we selected Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) as a model organism, and observed alteration of immune function by the exposure to heavy oil. To analyze the expression profiles of immune system-related genes, we selected 309 cDNAs from our flounder EST library, and spotted them on a glass slide. Using this cDNA array, alteration of gene expression profiles was analyzed in the kidneys of flounders exposed to heavy oil. Six Japanese flounders (mean body weight: 197 g) were acclimated to laboratory conditions at 19–20 °C. Three fish were exposed to heavy oil C (bunker C) at a concentration of 3.8 g/L for 3 days, and the others were kept in seawater without heavy oil and used as the control. After the exposure period, the fish were transferred into control seawater and maintained for 4 days, and then they were dissected and their kidneys were removed. Total RNA was extracted from the kidney samples to use in gene expression analyses. The microarray detected alteration of immune system-related genes in the kidneys of heavy oil-exposed flounders, including down-regulation of immunoglobulin light chain, CD45, major histocompatibility complex class II antigens and macrophage colony-stimulating factor precursor, and up-regulation of interleukin-8 and lysozyme. These results suggest that pathogen resistance may be weakened in heavy oil-exposed fish, causing a subsequent bacterial infection, and then proinflammatory genes may be induced as a defensive response against the infection. Additionally, we found candidate genes for use as biomarkers of heavy oil exposure, such as N-myc downstream regulated gene 1 and heat shock cognate 71 kDa proteins.     

Interactive effects of metal contamination and pathogenic organisms on the marine bivalve Cerastoderma edule

The present study evaluated the interactive effects of cadmium contamination and pathogenic organisms (trematodes Himasthla elongata and bacteria Vibrio tapetis) singularly and in combination during 7 days on the bivalve Cerastoderma edule. Some defense-related activities were analyzed such as genetic expression, metallothionein and immune responses. Trematode metacercarial infection, similar whatever the treatment, induced the strongest responses of immune parameters. Particularly, the interaction between cadmium and parasite exposures induced unusual responses on gene expression and immune responses. No effect of bacterial challenge appeared on bivalve responses, nevertheless a strong mortality of V. tapetis infected cockles occured between 7 and 14 days. Cadmium bioaccumulation was significantly modulated by both pathogenic organisms. Furthermore, an antagonistic effect of trematodes and bacteria was shown on metal bioaccumulation of co-infected cockles. These results highlighted the importance of considering the multiplicity of perturbation sources in coastal ecosystems to assess the health status of organisms.     

饲料中锌对花鲈(Lateolabrax japonicus)幼鱼生长、免疫和组织积累的影响

采用单因子实验设计方法,进行饲料中添加锌对花鲈幼鱼生长(增重率、存活率、特定生长率和饲料效率)、免疫反应(血清溶菌酶活性和总补体活性)和组织中锌积累量影响的研究.通过在基础饲料中添加ZnSO4使饲料中锌含量分别达到83.3、95.2、101.6、120.3、159.9mg/kg,对花鲈幼鱼进行为期8周的生长实验,每个水平3个重复,每个养殖单元放养初始体重为(10.0±0.58)g左右的花鲈幼鱼20尾.饲养实验在海水网箱(1.5×1.0×1.0m3)中进行,实验期间水温为26.5-32.5℃,盐度为28-29,溶解氧含量在6mg/L左右.结果表明,各饲料组成活率(95.00%-100.00%)无显著性差异(P>0.05).随着饲料中锌含量从83.3mg/kg增加到101.6mg/kg,花鲈幼鱼的增重率和特定生长率显著升高(P<0.05),而饲料中锌含量达到101.6mg,kg之后,其增重率和特定生长率变化不显著(P>0.05);以增重率和特定生长率为指标,花鲈幼鱼最佳生长性能的饲料锌含量为103.4mg/kg左右.各饲料组肌肉中锌积累量无显著性差异;随着饲料中锌含量从83.3mg/kg增加到101.6mg/kg,花鲈幼鱼肝脏中锌积累量显著增加(P<0.05),而饲料中锌含量达到101.6mg/kg之后,其肝脏中锌积累量变化不显著(P>0.05);花鲈幼鱼获得肝脏中最大锌积累量时饲料中锌最低含量为105.1mg/kg.随着饲料中锌含量从83.3mg/kg增加到101.6mg/kg,花鲈幼鱼血清溶菌酶和总补体活性显著升高(P<0.05),饲料中锌含量达到101.6mg/kg之后,血清溶菌酶和总补体活性变化不显著(P>0.05).综上所述,花鲈幼鱼生长和免疫的锌适宜添加量为105.1mg/kg左右.