在FS下观测站特有设备的控制

介绍了FS软件的基本特征和ES控制标准硬件的详细工作流程。还具体介绍了在FS软件下控制观测站各种特有硬件的方法、步骤。本文可供中国VLBI网观测站程序员参考。     

Retrieval of leaf area index in alpine wetlands using a two-layer canopy reflectance model

In this paper, we focused on the retrieval of the LAI in an alpine wetland located in western part of China in late August and early July 2011. A two-layer canopy reflectance model (ACRM) was used to establish the relationships between the LAI and the reflectance of near-infrared (NIR) and red (RED) wavebands. The reflectance data were derived from Landsat TM L1T product and the Terra and Aqua MODIS 16-day and 8-day composite reflectance products (MOD/MYD09) at 250 m resolution. Due to the lack of the information about some major input parameters for ACRM, which are sensitive to model outputs in the reflectance of NIR and RED wavebands, the inverse problem was ill-posed. To overcome this problem, a method of increasing the sensitivity of the LAI while reducing the influence of other model free parameters based on the study of free parameters’ sensitivity to the ACRM outputs and the region’s features was studied. The area of interest was divided into two parts using the approximately statistic normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) value around 0.5. One part was sparse vegetation (0.1 < NDVI < 0.5), which is more sensitive to soil background effects and less sensitive to the canopy biophysical and biochemical variables. The other part was dense vegetation (0.5 ≤ NDVI < 1.0), which is less sensitive to soil background effects and more sensitive to plant canopies and leaf parameters. Then, the relationships of ρ_nir–LAI and ρ_red–LAI were established using a look-up table algorithm for the two parts. Furthermore, a regularization technique for fast pixel-wise retrieval was introduced to reduce the elements of LUT sets while maintaining a relatively high accuracy. The results were very promising compared to the field measured LAI values that the correlation (R²) of the measured LAI values and retrieved LAI values reached 0.95, and the root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) was 0.33 for late August, 2011, while the R² reached 0.82 and RMSD was 0.25 for early July 2011.     

基于不同空间信息源的地物光谱反射率模拟图像分析

本文利用ERDAS Imaging软件中的Modeler模块,开发了地物光谱反射率图像的模拟技术。以野外实测地物光谱反射率数据为依据,用土地利用类型图和高分辨率遥感影像图作为地物空间分布的信息源,以陆地资源卫星TM1-4波段为例,模拟了4个波段的地物光谱反射率图像,合成了真彩色和标准假彩色图像。对基于不同空间信息源的地物光谱反射率模拟图像进行了对比分析,指出了进一步研究的方向。     

SDI planning using the system dynamics technique within a community of practice: lessons learnt from Tanzania

There exist major challenges in accelerating the spatial data infrastructure (SDI) planning process in the developing countries as well as advocating for politicians to support the development of SDI, due to the high complexity of SDI, lack of knowledge and experience, and limited insight in the benefits. To address these challenges, a methodology for SDI planning in Tanzania, based on the system dynamics technique and the communities of practice concept, was adopted and applied within a community consisting of experts from stakeholder organizations. The groups gathered to develop an SDI plan, while they shared their knowledge and discussed their ideas that helped their understanding of SDI. By running the system dynamics model, the development of SDI over time could be simulated that gave the planning community an insight about the future effects of today’s plans and decisions. Finally, an optimum model could be developed by refinements and improvements done with the consensus of the SDI stakeholders. This model included the components and policies that are essential for a successful SDI implementation in Tanzania and can be used as a basis for SDI planning and help to gain political support. Lessons learnt from this research were promising regarding the usability of the methodology for SDI planning in comparable countries.     

Grubbs revisited: a statistical technique to differentiate measurement methods of the degree of exposure of raingauges in a network

Abstract

Precipitation measurement by raingauges is biased by the systematic error resulting from deformation of the local wind field due to the presence of the gauge itself. To correct for this error, it is necessary to know the degree of site exposure. Four measurement methods are dealt with to determine site exposure. It is shown how statistical techniques developed by Grubbs can be used to select the most precise measurement method.     

注胶修复RC框架结构模型振动台试验与分析

一栋相似比为1/4的8层双跨混凝土框架经初次振动台试验,发生初次震损后,采用环氧树脂注胶修复技术对框架损伤区域的裂缝进行修复,然后再次进行振动台试验.针对两次振动台的试验结果,本文着重从模型破坏情况、结构最大反应、楼层剪力、楼层抗侧刚度及滞回耗能等方面综合比较混凝土框架模型在初次振动台试验、再次振动台试验中抗震性能,以此评价高强胶黏剂修复技术修复混凝土框架结构的有效性.结果表明:经过修复,框架模型的顶层最大相对位移和层间位移角减小;修复模型的抗侧刚度要大于初始模型;修复后,框架模型由节点区破坏(梁柱交界面)转移到梁端塑性铰破坏,破坏模式的改变使得滞回耗能总量增大.可以认为,本文采用的方法对框架结构的地震损伤修复具有较好的效果.     

Breaking Out: The Opportunities and Challenges of Multi-Method Research inPopulation Geography

Research traditions exert a powerful influence over the thinking of academic researchers. In population geography an entrenched empiricism and a reluctance to engage in wider debates on theory and method within human geography have resulted in a degree of separate development. Such methodological complacency has, until recently, threatened to undermine population geography's role within the discipline as a whole. Thus the discussion of multi-method research designs is of particular significance because it offers population geographers an opportunity to break out from the confines of a dominant research tradition and participate with other human geographers in an important methodological debate. This paper seeks not only to provide a critical overview of the current debate within population geography (as represented in the preceding papers in this Focus section) but also to extend that debate by raising issues of much more general concern. I argue that there are dangers in drawing the terms of the debate too narrowly. If we are to understand the nature and potential of multi-method research, we must first pose fundamental questions about the interrelationships among methods, data, and research problems. Pragmatic views on the choice of research method are inadequate because they fail to recognise the theory-driven nature of research. Only once we have achieved a better understanding of the philosophical grounding of research strategies will the opportunities afforded by multi-method research be fully realised.     

IKONOS影像中地形起伏对投影差的影响

利用航空摄影测量的共线方程式,可以计算由于地形高差导致的地物在航片上的投影差大小和方向,从而进行修正,从投影的角度来分析IKONOS影像中由于地形起伏带来投影差的原因和特点,给出了计算公式用以分析影像纠正所需的地形精度要求,并对使用投影差和地物阴影大小来估算建筑物高度进行了尝试。     

基于MapGIS的图切地质剖面系统面向对象设计与实现

地质剖面图可以清晰反映图区内地层、岩体、构造的空间分布特征,对于认识各种地质体和矿床赋存的地质条件和时空分布规律具有重要的意义.在GIS环境下对数字地质图开展图切剖面软件的研究和开发是一项基础且重要的工作,图切地质剖面图不仅可为地质工作者认识地质特征提供基础图件,还可成为三维地质填图基础数据来源.介绍了基于MapGIS的地质图切剖面软件的系统设计方案,深入探讨了图切地质剖面软件研发中的面向对象设计方案,成功实现了面向对象的图切剖面的自动生成及交互修编功能.所研发的制图技术高效实用,能够满足各种比例尺的MapGIS地质图图切剖面的编制要求.     

基于短波红外勘查技术的西藏甲玛铜多金属矿热液蚀变矿物分布模型研究

甲玛铜多金属矿是西藏冈底斯中段东部取得找矿突破的超大型矿床。通过短波红外测量,确定了矿体中热液蚀变矿物主要有白云母、绿泥石、黑云母、硬石膏、高岭石、地开石、黄玉和方解石。白云母与铜多金属矿化的关系密切,矿体厚度与贫铝白云母的样本数具有正相关关系,代表钾化带的黑云母分布趋势显示甲玛矿体的热源中心位于ZK2416-ZK3216一线以北的位置,富镁绿泥石分布在贫铝绢云母的外侧,与贫铝绢云母具有相同的热源中心指示意义。分布模型中缺少多硅白云母,显示矿区成矿的热源中心较深,因此作为剥蚀程度比较浅的甲玛斑岩系统而言,外围找矿潜力大。