采用树轮图像分析方法研究历史时期气候变化的可行性*

本文以川西云杉为例,探讨了采用树轮图像分析方法进行历史时期气候变化研究的可行性。对比分析发现,图像分析得到的年轮宽度序列与宽度仪的测量结果基本相同;而年轮宽度与年轮灰度序列之间不存在明显关系,其差异可能是不同环境因子作用的结果。图像分析得到的川西云杉年轮灰度年表在反映某些气候要素变化上优于年轮宽度年表,并以年轮最小灰度、年轮平均灰度和晚材平均灰度较为突出。川西云杉年轮灰度主要受初春月平均最高气温的影响,且两者为负相关关系。     

铀矿地质勘探中的多元地学信息复合分析技术途径探讨

本文论述了以通用计算机系统为基础,专用图家处理系统为辅助,探索一套适用于铀矿地质研究的多元地学信息综合分析方法,包括在通用机内编制一系列应用软件,进行遥感、地质、物化探数据的数字化输入、资料间的空间几何配准、线环形体密度统计分析乃至复合处理,并借助磁带传输手段,使得数据与专用图象的处理系统共享。这样充分利用了现有通用计算机资源,且符合建立专业信息系统的发展要求。同时通过与专用图象处理系统沟通,提高了再处理能力,改善了输出效果。利用本文设计的方法在460和外国铀矿地质研究及其它研究区里均获得了满意的应用效果。     

陆地卫星数据信息提取的一个新方法

陆地卫星图像的磁带数码值或扫描密度值,均可被转换成绝对辐射值。四个波段中的每一波段的辐射值,均可分解为具有不同物理意义的三部分,其中,四个波段中物理意义相同的那一部分,又可被重新组合起来,于是,便得到三个新变量。它们分别被命名为总辐射水平值L,可见-红外(辐射)平衡值B,和波段(辐射)变化向量值V。L能监测地物的辐射强度;B能监测水、水分和地表层的潮湿程度,并能区分云、雪和冰;V能监测植被的密度与生活力,因而是植被状况的良好指标。这三个变量几乎包含了原四个波段的全部信息,因此,通常只需处理这三个变量。算法基于回归分析且维数低,因此十分简单。因而,可节省图像处理时间和费用。使用这个方法,可以获得真正三色的、接近于自然色彩的真彩色合成图像,还可获得相应于地物特征的有意义的密度分割图像。此方法已被应用于中国和世界范围内的遥感资料。     

遥感图象在评价天柱金矿带中的意义

天柱金矿带至今已发现脉金、砂金矿(化)点数十处。矿带位于雪峰弧形构造西南段.地层为一套呈北东向展布的震旦纪浅变质岩系。全区为一复式构造,呈北东—南西向展布,次一级背斜、向斜发育,断裂构造更为发育.矿带遥感图象具丰富的地质构造信息,尤以线性构造更为丰富,经地质解译,矿带内的断裂构造规模增大、数量增多,提示了金矿与构造,特别是与断裂构造的关系,给金矿带的综合评价提供了新的依据.矿带受北东向构造,矿床则受北西向、北西西或东西向断裂构造控制,并与环形构造也有一定的关系.地质信息,无疑给天柱金矿带的综合评价及远景区的预测提供了新的依据.     

Fracture characteristics and stress directions in the quaternary sediments of the Ulleung Basin,East Sea: Based on resistivity image log data

Abstract

Geophysical evidence indicating the presence of gas hydrate has been found in the Ulleung Basin, which lies off the east coast of the Korean Peninsula; however, hydrate distribution in the basin is not well understood. Logging-while-drilling data for 13 sites in the Ulleung Basin, East Sea, were obtained to investigate the distribution pattern of gas hydrate. Most of the sites yielded log data indicating the presence of gas hydrate. Prominent fractures (both resistive and conductive fractures) were clearly identified on the resistivity borehole images, particularly at seismic chimney sites. Resistive fractures, which contain large amounts of gas hydrate, are prominent in the seismic chimney sites. The strike and dip of each fracture was calculated and displayed on a stereographic plot and rosette diagram. From the fracture orientations on the stereographic plots, the maximum horizontal stress is NW–SE, reflecting the regional stress regime around the Ulleung Basin, although the fracture orientations are broadly distributed, indicating that the fracture pattern is not well-ordered on the rosette diagram. The fracture dips are between 36.46° and 63.66°; the range of dip azimuths is 0.94°–359°, and exhibit little change with depth. The dip azimuths are generally westerly to southwesterly.     

Analysis of RHESSI Flares Using aRadio Astronomical Technique

We have used Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI) modulation profiles in the 25 – 300 keV range to construct high-fidelity visibilities of 25 flares having at least two components. These hard X-ray visibilities, which are mathematically identical to the visibilities of radio imaging, were input to software developed for mapping solar flares in the microwave domain using the Maximum Entropy Method (MEM). We compared and contrasted the MEM maps with Clean and Pixon maps made with RHESSI software. In particular, we assessed the reliability of the maps and their morphologies for future investigations of the symmetry of bipolar electron beaming in the sample set.     

A cryo-SEM study of aggregate and floc structure changes during clay settling and raking processes

The destabilization of kaolinite suspension by anionic flocculant addition occurs in three zones; free settling, hindered settling and compression which usually includes a final bed raking process in mineral processing practice. This paper reports changes in the kaolinite aggregate and floc structures in the different settling and raking zones by cryo-vitrification/cryo-SEM techniques with image analysis combining micro- and macro-flocs. Cryo-SEM images indicate that, even during free settling, fine clay particles are bridged predominantly in edge–edge (E–E) with some face–face (F–F) configurations forming single, small flocs and some chain structures. When these small flocs and chains settle into the hindered settling zone, the collision between flocs and chains results in “honeycomb” network structures formed with lateral chain-like extension. The settled bed consists of these honeycomb structures with both inter-aggregate and intra-aggregate trapped water and has relatively low bed density (e.g. < 12 wt.% for a 2 wt.% slurry). The effect of the raking process in dramatically improving thickener underflow solids has been extensively studied but the structural changes in flocs and aggregates in this process are less well defined. Raking the compression zone for 1 h at 3 rpm can release some of the trapped water in the “honeycomb” structure and the bed density for 2 wt.% slurry improves dramatically to more than 36 wt.%. Cryo-SEM illustrates the extensive restructuring of flocs from predominantly E–E to predominantly F–F in many areas. The STructural IMage ANalysis (STIMAN) software is used to combine a series of images at magnifications from 1000× to 8000×, including both macro- and micro-flocs. This structural analysis comparing the un-raked and raked bed samples gives increases in total particle area of 30% and in relative particle area of 6%. The relatively low energy rake action of the shear stress results in the disruption of the E–E chains and the honeycomb structure, partly releasing the trapped water and inducing some E–E to F–F aggregate restructuring are clearly illustrated in these results.     

地震现场应急指挥技术系统的结构与设计

地震现场应急指挥工作是防震减灾的重要组成部分, 地震现场各种信息获取与传输是其重要内容, 有关灾情的资料是政府部门防震减灾决策的重要依据。 “十五”期间, 将建设地震现场应急指挥技术系统, 目前我国在这方面的研究和建设尚处于初级阶段, 其体系结构、 关键构成、 设计和实现还有许多值得进一步研究和探讨。 文中根据“九五”的建设过程, 对该技术系统的体系结构进行了论述, 提出了初步设计方案和技术框架, 并就今后发展进行了讨论。     

洪涝灾情快速反应的星载SAR与TM数据的融合处理

本文以1998年鄱阳湖地区发生洪涝灾害为研究实例,应用灾中的Radarsat-SAR和灾前的TM数据,以不规则三角网(TIN)方法实现了高精度几何配准。然后,通过波段相关性和信息熵值分析,选取最佳波段。最后,对不同融合模型得出的图像进行对比,得出结论:以灾中的SAR和灾前TM的一个近红外(TM5或TM7)以及一个可见光波段(TM3最佳),分别赋RGB色合成的图像效果很好,既能识别区分洪涝淹没的绝产区、土壤滞水减产区和未受灾区,并且操作简便,能满足洪涝灾情快速反应要求。     

喀斯特地貌景观特点及旅游形象塑造

在分析了喀斯特地貌旅游资源具有的景观特色、竞争特点和环境特点之后,提出喀斯特旅游地形象的塑造应以喀斯特地貌景观的特点为基础,通过对喀斯特旅游地的文脉辨析、形象调查和竞争性分析确定其形象定位,继而围绕其形象定位进行喀斯特旅游地的形象口号设计、视觉形象塑造、行为形象塑造和形象传播策略的选择,并提出在形象塑造过程中要正确处理好与自然景观的协调和喀斯特景观的可持续开发两个问题。