辽-冀与津-冀临界区海岸演变卫星遥感分析

通过对多时相卫星图像的解译和对比,简述并分析了辽、冀、津3省(市)临界区约200km海岸特征与演变情况。     

基于RS和GIS的县级土地利用动态监测研究--以河北省万全县为例

本文以两期卫星影像作为主要信息源，并辅以地面调查，通过综合运用地理信息系统和遥感技术，成功获取了河北省万全县土地利用的变化信息。同时还对动态监测的工作流程以及关键技术进行了分析和探讨。     

The influence of foliation on the fragility of granitic rocks, image analysis and quantitative microscopy

Fabric-dependent anisotropy is important in understanding the mechanical behaviour of foliated rocks because the foliation creates mechanically weak discontinuities. Using optical microscopy, a foliation index (FIX) was calculated for a group of granitic rocks in southern Sweden that displays a range of textures from foliated to nonfoliated. Image analysis from scanning electron microscope with backscattered detector (SEM/BSE) images was used in order to measure the rock texture of these samples. The analyses were compared with the Los Angeles (LA) test, which measures resistance of rock aggregate to fragmentation. The results demonstrate that the measured grain size, shape and spatial arrangement are important parameters controlling the fragility of the rock. Both the texture and foliation must be taken into account to obtain a significant relationship with the mechanical analyses. We suggest that this alternative method could be a helpful tool for predicting a rock's suitability as an aggregate as it gives a better understanding of the material properties compared to mechanical testing.     

Microstructural study of a natural slip zone: quantification and deformation history

Microstructure of a natural slip zone was comprehensively examined using a combination of images captured systematically by optical microscopy (OPM) and backscattered electron microscopy (BEM) techniques. Microstructural features identified on these images were processed and evaluated using an advanced image analysis system, which proved that quantitative analyses could considerably enhance the understanding of shear behavior of slip zones. It was found that variations of porosity, abundance of platy clay particles and alignments of particles are significant indicators revealing nature of deformation processes. These indicators show that global mechanical behavior of the investigated slip zone can be conceptualized as that of normally consolidated clayey soils under drained conditions.

The geometric patterns of the microstructure of the slip zone are similar to the S–C fabrics seen in tectonic shear zones. It is suggested that combined progressive bulk simple shear and pure shear modes enable to realistically reconstruct the kinematic history of the slip zone, through which particle movements and microstructural evolution were accomplished via various types of particulate flows. The results of this study show that clay mineralogy plays a more important role in the development of the slip zone than abundance of clay-size particles, while both clay mineralogy and relative proportions of each particle size fraction control the response of particles to shear deformation. Among the fractions present in the slip zone, fine silts are the strongest indicator of global shear stress characterized by their highest degree of alignment, whereas clay particles are the weakest. Highest degree of shape preferred orientation is also found within fine silt domains.     

基于分形的灰度图像压缩算法

简述了分形及随机迭代函数系统 (IFS)的基本概念 ,然后从灰度图像自动压缩的角度研究分形的应用 ,提出了多模式自适应压缩的技术 ,设计了建立在图像子块相对矩基础上的分类搜索算法 ,把简单分形压缩改进为自适应快速压缩 ,使恢复图像质量和压缩速度均有大幅度提高 ,并在压缩比为 4倍左右时 ,其结果接近于 JPEG静止图像压缩标准。     

分形图形生成的一种新方法

本文提出分形图形生成的一种新方法。采用分数维布朗运动来合成分形图形,分数维布朗运动用一种新的方法──递归空间滤波来获得。由分数维布朗运动的功率谱确定其二维成形滤波器的频率响应,然后采用以一维原形滤波器加旋转变换的方法来设计具有圆对称和指数衰减频率响应的成形滤波器。用成形滤波器对高斯分布的白色过程滤波,便可以得到具有期望分数维的布朗运动分形图形。     

遥感数据的分形测量

用分形几何学方法对遥感数据进行了分析,从而定量解释遥感影像。共编制了３种分数维测量方法,它们是分线方法（或等值线方法）,方差方法和三角棱柱方法。用分线方法计算了腾冲地区陆地卫星ＴＭ数据的分数维。图像数据的等值线长度分别按行,按列和按行－列方法处理记取以便能发现图像的模式变化。当图像有明显的走向模式时,按行方法所测量的Ｄ值与按列方法测得的Ｄ值是不同的。按行－列方法测量的Ｄ值几乎不受定向模式的影响。当Ｒ（相关系数）＞０．９时,按３种方式记取等值线所得到的Ｄ值的变化趋势是一致的,都能给出图像数据中的空间相互关系。通过分维测量,不但能描述图像数据的整体特征而且能描述图像数据中的每个值的特征,揭示遥感数据表观的无序性和内在的规律性,更重要的是可把这些Ｄ值与地面物体之间建立联系来探讨各种自然现象中的有用信息。     

SAR图像立体定位原理与精度分析

本文在导出ＳＡＲ图像成像方程式的基础上提出了ＳＡＲ立体定位的原理和方法,并从理论上分析了影响ＳＡＲ立体定位的主要因素。实验结果表明,本文提出的立体定位方法是正确的,影响定位精度的主要因素是交会角的大小与距离向量测误差,其与理论分析模型一致。     

四种IHS变换用于SAR与TM影像复合的比较

本文采用四种典型的ＩＨＳ变换对同一地区的ＳＡＲ与ＴＭ影像进行了复合,并对复合影像作了定性和定量的分析。试验结果表明：用熵、联合熵和平均棍度这３个客观定量指标评价复合效果不仅比目视评价准确有效,而且提供了选择最佳ＩＨＳ变换用于复合的方法。     

高分辨率遥感在城市发展动态监测中的应用

与传统的遥感影像相比，高分辨率遥感影像有着空间分辨率高、时间分辨率高、信息量大、所包含的地物的几何和纹理信息更加明显、能提取地物三维信息等优点。城市中的研究对象多属于一些尺寸相对较小且空间信息较为重要的地物，再加上已形成一套全新的面向对象的高分辨率遥感数据的处理和信息提取方法。这使得高分辨率遥感技术成为城市发展动态监测以及相关信息提取的最有效手段。动态监测中获得的数据还进一步运用于城市规划布局、市容市政管理、城市生态环境保护、城市交通建设规划、城市防震减灾以及数字交通和数字城市的建设等诸多方面。