Assessing land use and land cover change in the Wassa West District of Ghana using remote sensing

Vast tracts of forests are lost globally every year especially in the developing countries of the tropics due to various human activities such as lumbering, farming, bush fires, surface mining and urbanization. The rainforest in Ghana has experienced rapid depletion since the 1980s. The impact of deforestation is widespread, affecting the livelihoods of local people and disrupting the tropical ecosystem. There is a serious concern in the study area about climatic change, soil erosion, siltation of rivers and loss in biodiversity which have an adverse impact on traditional medicinal plants of the local people. The study examined the extent of land cover change through image differencing of Landsat TM 1986 and 2002. The image classification indicated that, vegetative cover from 1986 to 2002 has been reducing whiles land use activities have been increasing. Closed canopy, open canopy and plantation have significantly diminished and land use activities especially built ups, farms, mining and openfields are more than doubled. The driving forces for the change in land cover are population growth, lumbering, socio-economic and cultural practices of the people. Lumbering and mining have been some of the major causes of the changing landscape in primary forest. Also the reliance on wood for domestic energy and the need to increase food productivity to feed growing population have also contributed greatly to the rapid depletion of the vegetative cover.     

The derivation of an Arctic sea ice normal through temporal mixture analysis of satellite imagery

The use of temporal mixture analysis (TMA) for creating a long-term baseline, or environmental “normal” is described. TMA is a promising analysis method derived from the hyperspectral image processing technique of spectral mixture analysis (SMA). TMA is algebraically identical to SMA, except that it is applied to temporal spectra rather than to electromagnetic spectra. TMA has particular potential to extract climate signals from long image sequences.     

A novel method for enhancement of radiometric resolution using image fusion

The Resourcesat-I satellite is equipped with different types of sensors with varied characteristics. For the effective utilization of the available multi-sensor, multi-temporal, multi-spectral and multi-radiometric data from these sensors, fusion of digital image data has become a valuable technique. Image fusion enhances the information content and helps in better discrimination of various land cover types. The Resourcesat-1 has equipped with three sensors, AWiFS, LISS-III and LISS-IV, which are having identical spectral resolutions, with different spatial, radiometric and temporal resolutions. The spatial resolutions ratio of the data set for merging are required to be maximum of 1:6, where as the data sets (AWiFS and LISS-III) that are used in the current study are having the ratio of 1:2.5 approximately. A novel merging technique is designed, which retains the multi-spectral response of the input data in the output data. The merged data set provides the higher spatial and radiometric resolutions. In order to evaluate the fusion merits quantitatively, all the data sets are digitally classified and studied the output classes for homogeneity and clear discrimination. A comprehensive comparative study is carried out between the fused image and the LISS-III image based on the contingency matrix and the scatter plots, which demonstrates the strength of fused image for discriminating the object classes at 23.5 m spatial and 10-bit radiometric resolutions. The merged data set gives the improved classification accuracy.     

基于混合像元分解的辽河口滨海湿地分类

滨海湿地高精度的地物分类可以为湿地监测与保护提供数据支持和决策依据。以辽河口湿地为研究对象,以Landsat8 OLI多光谱影像为数据源,结合研究区域实际地物情况,采用像元纯度指数和均值波谱法确定端元光谱,并利用全约束最小二乘混合像元技术和决策树技术制定分类规则,最后将研究区域分为芦苇、翅碱蓬、水稻、滩涂、水体(海水、虾池水、河水等)和人工建筑(包括路面、人工设施、房屋等)六大类。结果表明:该算法分类精度高于90%,结合目视判读与野外实地调查,发现分类结果符合实际地物情况。     

地震监测中的电阻率层析技术

将电阻率层析技术应用于地震监测,由视电阻率值重建出介质的真电阻率图像,取得了较好效果.在宝坻台和昌黎台设立的两个试验点上于1998年4月14日ML5.0和ML4.4唐山两次地震前的6天左右层析图像出现了明显的异常变化:宝坻台的电阻率图像一改通常的在平稳背景上叠加小量随机变化的特点,出现了一种有序性特征的新图样;昌黎台也出现了反差加大、高低阻区集中分布的有序性特征.上述异常图样均在震后消失.层析图像在震前出现的熵值降低可能是这次地震活动的前兆.地层导电结构和孔隙度的变化,是引起电阻率异常的直接原因.研究表明,常规的单一极距的视电阻率测量之所以对真电阻率的变化不敏感且丧失空间分辨能力,是由于该物理量同时具有积分值和位函数这两个固有特征所决定的.在地震监测中,改造现行观测系统,引入层析成像,是发展技术的方向.     

地理空间意像模式的Voronoi模型

提出用Voronoi空间模型来表达意像模式，Voronoi模型无岐义空间邻近关系，构建能封装对象间空间关系的拓扑网络，使用该模型将各种空间介词映射为不同的拓扑结构，GIS采用该模型，可按自然语言中空间介词描述的定性空间关系查询检索模糊地理信息。     

在二维和三维CT图象重建理论方法的研究工作及新进展

本文主要介绍近几年清华大学工程物理系“粒子技术与辐射成象”国家专业实验室在二维和三维ＣＴ图象重建领域的研究成果，这些成果基本上代表了我国在核领域的研究水平。     

图像重建的射线交切反投影法

本文详述了一种快速图像重建方法——射线交切反投影法。它吸取了代数重建算法的某些长处,但无迭代计算,简单实用,对于野外作业使用更显得方便,利用此方法,重建了实测的电磁波吸收系数图像,它比传统的阴影交汇法有更好的分辨率。     

玛纳斯湖的形成和演变

据根卫星影像图解译,结合其他资料分析,论述玛纳斯湖的形成和演化,它既受地质构造和古气候的制约,也受人类活动的影响。玛纳斯古湖盆形成于中更新世柯克台不爽冰期,晚更新世开始退缩,全新世进而萎缩、解体,以致衰竭、消亡。     

应用 TMS 32010 实现微机遥感图像快速处理

本文主要介绍一种利用TMS 32010数字信号处理器(DSP)和IBM-PC/XT微机构成的微机遥感图像快速处理系统。在此系统上,我们根据微波遥感图像的特点,采用TMS32010宏汇编语言研制出了一个遥感图像快速处理软件库。经过机载微波辐射计图像处理检验,采用TMS 32010语言编程在该系统上的图像处理速度要比采用FORTRAN语言编程在普通微机系统上的图像处理速度提高了100-500倍。此外,本文还提出一种新的平滑滤波算法。该算法滤除高斯白噪声的能力要优于中值滤波,同时还可以保护图像的边缘不被模糊。