Comment on: Mass Fractions of Forty‐Six Major and Trace Elements,Including Rare Earth Elements,in Sediment and Soil Reference Materials Used in Environmental Studies. Fiket et al. (2017), Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research, 41, 123–135

This paper is intended to be a constructive discussion of Fiket et al. (2017, Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research , 41 , 123–135), who dealt with the determination of major, trace and rare earth elements in several sediment and soil certified reference materials. In the present author's view, the paper by Fiket et al. (2017) suffers from a lack of reference to several publications in which somewhat similar results had already been reported. The present contribution therefore provides a comparison of previously published results with those of Fiket et al. for the CRMs soil NCS DC 77302 (GBW 07410), stream sediment NCS DC 73309 (GBW 07311), marine sediments MESS‐3 and NCS DC 75301 (GBW 07314) and estuarine sediment IAEA‐405. It is argued that this fuller consideration (a) allows critical evaluation of the quality of the results presented by Fiket et al. and (b) highlights the advantages of their work. Finally, attention is drawn to the (possible or real) problems that can arise during simultaneous determination of multiple trace elements.     

Duluth Complex apatites: Age reference material for LA–ICP–MS‐based fission‐track dating

Anorthositic series apatites of the Duluth Complex, Minnesota, USA, have high spontaneous fission‐track densities of up to ~10⁷ cm^–2 and a homogeneous age of ~900 Ma, allowing high‐precision fission‐track dating based on LA–ICP–MS U analysis. Absolute fission‐track dating, track‐length measurement and chemical composition analysis were performed to evaluate a cooling history, which is essential for age reference materials. Preliminary inverse modelling for a sample with a shortened track‐length distribution yielded a monotonic cooling history from ~100°C at 925 Ma. The apatites incur an over‐etching problem when employing the commonly used etching protocol involving 5.5 M HNO₃.     

2021年四川泸县MS6.0地震震源性质及震前区域应力场特征

为了解2021-09-16四川泸县M_S6.0地震的发震机理,加强对四川盆地内地震活动性的认识,基于四川及周边地区地震台网的宽频带地震资料,利用CAP方法反演获得泸县地震的震源机制解和矩心深度;同时,基于震前四川盆地内155个震源机制解,利用MSATSI程序反演得到泸县地震震前四川盆地内的构造应力场。结果显示,泸县地震矩心深度为3 km,矩震级为M_W5.3,滑动性质为纯逆冲。震中附近震前构造应力最大主压应力和中间主压应力都近乎水平,最大主压应力在震中附近走向101°,此构造应力状态下,优势滑动断层为纯逆冲性质,与泸县地震震源机制一致。根据震源位置和性质、震前构造应力场及震中附近的断层性质推测,泸县地震发震断层不是华蓥山断裂,而是其分支和余脉之间极浅的盖层滑脱型断层。     

2020-07-12河北唐山MS5.1地震震源参数及发震构造分析

基于河北区域数字地震台网资料,采用CAP波形反演方法计算2020-07-12唐山M_S5.1地震的震源机制解,同时采用sPL深度震相方法对震源深度进行精确测定。结果显示,唐山M_S5.1地震震源机制解节面Ⅰ走向143°、倾角83°、滑动角-14°,节面Ⅱ走向235°、倾角76°、滑动角-173°;sPL深度震相方法测定的主震震源深度为14 km,与CAP波形反演方法的计算结果一致。结合地震序列分布特征、等震线形态、区域地质构造及深地震反射剖面等资料分析认为,节面Ⅱ为发震断层面,并推测此次地震的发震断层为唐山-古冶断裂。     

黔北普宜地区晚三叠世二桥组砂岩碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄、重矿物分析及地质意义

普宜地区位于上扬子腹地——四川盆地东南缘,区内晚三叠世碎屑岩记录了上扬子前陆盆地演化信息,是研究盆地东缘盆山耦合的理想对象.二桥组主要由三角洲平原-三角洲前缘相砂岩组成,交错层理恢复的物源主要来自东侧,砂岩岩屑主要由岩浆岩岩屑和变质岩岩屑组成,碎屑重矿物主要由锆石、电气石、金红石、白钛石、黄铁矿、锐钛矿、石榴子石、铬铁...     

1983年山东菏泽5.9级地震地下流体异常的检验性预测

本文对１９８３年山东菏５．９级地震震中周围２００ｋｍ范围内８口井１７个测地下流体观测资料,采用地下流体群体异常演化层次跟踪法,对菏治５．９级地震进行了中期,短期和短临三个时间尺度的震情预测,     

Is the September 5, 2022, Luding MS6.8 earthquake an ‘unexpected’ event?

Whether the September 5, 2022, Luding M_S6.8 earthquake is an ‘expected’ event in the context of earthquake forecast? This commentary discusses this issue mainly using the recently proposed ‘earthquake nowcasting’ approach.     

Rapid magnetic susceptibility measurement as a tracer to assess the erosion–deposition process using tillage homogenization and simple proportional models: A case study in northern of Morocco

Soil erosion is a significant threat in the Rif region in northern Morocco. Hence, accurate cartography of the phenomenon, magnitude, and extent of erosion in the area needs a simple, rapid, and economical method such as magnetic susceptibility (MS). The current study aims to: (i) determine the factors influencing the variation of soil MS, (ii) exploit MS to estimate soil loss using two approaches in different homogenous units characterized by the same climatic conditions with different edaphic characteristics (land use, slope, and lithology), and (iii) highlight the potential for using MS as a cheap and rapid tracer of a long term erosion and deposition processes. Mass-specific magnetic susceptibility at low (χ_lf) and high (χ_hf) frequencies were measured for 182 soil samples collected in the study area. A tillage homogenization (T-H) model and a simple proportional model (SPM) were applied on an undisturbed soil profile to predict the eroded soil depths for given cores. The results confirm that χ_lf is influenced by land use, slope, and soil type. Pedogenesis is the main factor affecting soil MS enhancement, indicated by homogenous magnetic mineralogy with a dominance of super-paramagnetic (SP) and stable single domain (SSD) magnetic grains. The study results show that higher soil losses have occurred in almost all the soil samples when applying the T-H model compared to application of the SPM. The SPM underestimates erosion due to its ignorance of the MS of the plow layers after erosion. The current study implies the high efficacy of magnetic susceptibility as the quick, easily measurable, simple, and cost-effective approach that can be used as an alternative technique for evaluating soil redistribution.     

甘肃迭部M_s4.0地震震源机制解和震源深度精确测定

综合利用了2011年2月23日迭部M_s4.0地震的近震宽频带波形资料,采用CAP方法反演了该地震的震源机制解和震源深度,结合深度震相sPL对震源深度进行了精确确定。结果表明:迭部4.0级地震是一次走滑兼逆冲型地震;最佳双力偶解为节面Ⅰ走向110°、倾角57°,滑动角23°;发震构造可能为光盖山-迭山北麓断裂;震源深度为7 km。     

2016年3月21日金塔县M_S 4.7地震强震动记录分析

2016年3月21日11时29分甘肃省酒泉市金塔县发生M_S 4.7地震,甘肃省强震动台网中心收集到5组三分向加速度记录,常规处理后得到15条零基线校正后的三分向峰值加速度(PGA),选取土层台基类型的62XID台站加速度记录(PGA数值最大)进行分析,绘制校正后的加速度、速度和位移时程曲线及加速度反应谱,为中国西部工程震害调查提供参考资料。