石墨炉原子吸收法测定地球化学样品中痕量银

本文采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定地球化学样品中痕量银。选择硝酸镁和硫脲混合溶液为基体改进剂,银的灰化温度为800℃,研究了最佳的分析测定条件。该方法检出限为0．01μg／g。用该方法对国家地球化学标准样品的测定结果与标准值相符。     

硫酸钾镁肥防结块剂的开发研究

分析了青海中信国安科技发展有限公司生产的"国安"牌硫酸钾镁肥产品在生产和运输中产生的结块现象,针对硫酸钾镁肥产品产生结块的原因,开发研制了一种主要成分为阴离子表面活性剂(分子的活性部分有一个带负电荷的离子如磺酸盐、烷基芳基磺酸盐、烷基磺酸盐和脂肪酸铵盐等)的防结块剂产品。     

新疆罗布泊盐湖卤水资源综合开发研究

罗布泊盐湖赋存有丰富的含钾硫酸镁亚型卤水,现已探明仅罗北凹地区段孔隙度储量2.67×109 t(折合KCl),属特大型钾盐卤水矿藏,是生产硫酸钾的理想原料;此外,卤水中含有丰富的钠、镁、锂、硼等资源,综合回收利用价值较大.本文针对罗布泊盐湖卤水资源,在有效利用盐湖钾资源同时,加快其他共生资源的综合开发进程,将新疆罗布泊盐湖资源开发建设推向持续、合理、有效、高值的循环经济发展的道路,为国家西部经济开发做出贡献.     

用硫酸镁和造纸草浆黑液制备吸附剂及其对活性黄ST-4RFN吸附研究

利用硫酸镁和造纸草浆黑液制备含镁氧化合物的吸附剂,通过化学分析、表面性质分析、X射线衍射和红外光谱等对吸附剂进行了表征.考察了吸附剂焙烧温度、投加量、吸附时间以及pH值等因素对活性黄ST-4RFN吸附性能的影响,吸附过程可用Freundlich模型来描述.     

二次熔矿方式电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定棕刚玉中硅铁钛钙镁锆

根据棕刚玉难熔的特点,采用二次熔矿方式对样品进行分解,经盐酸酸化的浸提液用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定硅、铁、钛、钙、镁、锆的含量。第一次加入硼酸-碳酸钠(质量比2∶1)熔矿,熔剂中大量硼酸的存在可以确保棕刚玉样品无需研磨而分解完全;但所得熔融物极难提取,通过提高熔剂中碳酸钠的比例后进行第二次熔矿,使熔融物酸化浸取变得快速简单。对硼酸-碳酸钠混合溶剂的比例、熔矿温度和时间、称样量和样品粒度等实验条件进行优化,分析结果表明方法检出限为0.0003%~0.0051%,精密度(RSD,n=11)为0.88%~4.78%。用标准物质验证,测定值与标准值相符;与国标法对比验证,测定结果相符。该方法样品分解充分,对样品的粒度适应范围宽,可满足生产控制快速检测的要求。     

微波消解-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定石英砂中的氧化钙和氧化镁

采用微波消解-硼酸络合-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定石英砂中的氧化钙和氧化镁。样品在MK-Ⅲ型实验室微波炉上消解,消解压力为2.0 MPa、消解时间为5 m in,以硼酸络合消除氢氟酸的影响。方法已用于实际样品的测定,7次测定的相对标准偏差(RSD)小于5%,加标回收率为95.0%~104.2%。     

青海盐湖锂资源开发现状及对提锂产业发展建议

中国正处在环境污染治理和产业结构调整的关键时期,发展新能源产业是应对能源和环境危机的必然选择;同时,锂资源储备和提锂技术直接影响到国家能源战略安全。中国科学院青海盐湖所经过二十年开发,目前已形成一套成熟的选择性离子迁移分离提锂技术,并经过了产业化和工业应用验证,核心技术达到国际领先水平。该产业化具有绿色、高效、低能耗、低物耗、低产品成本、高纯度等特点,技术通用性好,可推广应用到青海、西藏高海拔生态脆弱地区以及南美玻利维亚、阿根廷、智利等高镁锂比盐湖中锂的分离提取,在高钙镁地热水、油(气)田水提锂方面也有一定的应用潜力。     

宝玉石的找矿标志

本文主要探讨宝石的找矿标志。包括在超基性岩、辉长岩—斜长岩中含虹彩长石、喷发岩、花岗伟晶岩中的宝石,还有变花岗岩云英岩中含海蓝宝石,镁矽卡岩中含尖晶石、红宝石、蓝宝石和青金石,风化壳中的宝石,砂矿中的宝石等。     

Impact of high water pressure on oil generation and maturation in Kimmeridge Clay and Monterey source rocks: Implications for petroleum retention and gas generation in shale gas systems

This study presents results for pyrolysis experiments conducted on immature Type II and IIs source rocks (Kimmeridge Clay, Dorset UK, and Monterey shale, California, USA respectively) to investigate the impact of high water pressure on source rock maturation and petroleum (oil and gas) generation. Using a 25 ml Hastalloy vessel, the source rocks were pyrolysed at low (180 and 245 bar) and high (500, 700 and 900 bar) water pressure hydrous conditions at 350 °C and 380 °C for between 6 and 24 h. For the Kimmeridge Clay (KCF) at 350 °C, Rock Eval HI of the pyrolysed rock residues were 30–44 mg/g higher between 6 h and 12 h at 900 bar than at 180 bar. Also at 350 °C for 24 h the gas, expelled oil, and vitrinite reflectance (VR) were all reduced by 46%, 61%, and 0.25% Ro respectively at 900 bar compared with 180 bar. At 380 °C the retardation effect of pressure on the KCF was less significant for gas generation. However, oil yield and VR were reduced by 47% and 0.3% Ro respectively, and Rock Eval HI was also higher by 28 mg/g at 900 bar compared with 245 bar at 12 h. The huge decrease in gas and oil yields and the VR observed with an increase in water pressure at 350 °C for 24 h and 380 °C for 12 h (maximum oil generation) were also observed for all other times and temperatures investigated for the KCF and the Monterey shale. This shows that high water pressure significantly retards petroleum generation and source rock maturation. The retardation of oil generation and expulsion resulted in significant amounts of bitumen and oil being retained in the rocks pyrolysed at high pressures, suggesting that pressure is a possible mechanism for retaining petroleum (bitumen and oil) in source rocks. This retention of petroleum within the rock provides a mechanism for oil-prone source rocks to become potential shale gas reservoirs. The implications from this study are that in geological basins, pressure, temperature and time will all exert significant control on the extent of petroleum generation and source rock maturation for Type II source rocks, and that the petroleum retained in the rocks at high pressures may explain in part why oil-prone source rocks contain the most prolific shale gas resources.     

水合氧化锆吸附硼的研究

详细地研究了硼在水合氧化锆吸附剂上的吸附行为。研究结果表明，水合氧化锆的吸硼速率较快，２ｈ可完全达平衡，且吸附可用Ｆｒｅｕｎｄｌｉｃｈ等温吸附线很好地拟合。被吸附的硼易被碱液洗脱，通过水合氧化锆上硼的“吸附－脱附循环”研究，表明该吸附剂的吸附性能好，再生能力强，循环使用寿命长，是一种很有价值的高效脱硼吸附剂。