河南熊耳山沙沟银铅锌矿床中硫化物和银矿物的矿物学特征及其意义

河南熊耳山沙沟矿床是新探明的一个大型银铅锌矿床。文章首次对其矿石矿物进行了系统的研究,通过对大量矿石光薄片观察、等离子质谱和电子探针分析,表明具有工业意义的硫化物主要有方铅矿、贫铁闪锌矿、黄铜矿,银矿物主要有自然银、深红银矿、辉银矿、硫锑铜银矿、含银黝铜矿,它们与硫化物共生,多沿方铅矿、贫铁闪锌矿等颗粒间或者裂隙产出。这些研究结果不仅有助于了解矿化作用过程,而且为矿床评价、组分综合利用和选冶提供重要依据。     

麻栗坡杨万火山喷流沉积-热液改造型铜矿

杨万铜矿床位于八布裂陷槽中。矿床位于中三叠统杨万明下段（T2y^a），受层位、岩性、构造及火山活动控制。围岩蚀变发育，绿泥石化、绿帘石化、硅化、碳酸盐化、类石墨化等与矿化关系密切。矿床成困应为海相火山喷流（溢）沉积－热液改造铜矿型。     

河南上庄坪铜铅锌矿床地质特征及成因探讨

河南上庄坪铜铅锌矿床具备火山喷流块状硫化物矿床之特点:物质来源与二郎坪群海相火山岩同属上地幔,成矿时代为508～574 Ma,成矿作用与火山喷发(成岩)作用有关,成矿环境为早古生代弧后扩张脊.矿床成因为海底火山喷流成因.     

云南盈江地瓜山钨锡矿矿化特征

地瓜山钨锡矿是近年滇西发现的高温热液石英脉型钨锡矿床,矿床产于喜马拉雅期麻蓬岭岗侵入体(Eηγb)与高黎贡山群变质岩接触带内带,近南北向剪切断裂(裂隙)带的有利部位,该区及外围实现找矿重大突破完全有可能。     

西太平洋岛弧-弧后盆地热液活动及成矿作用

岛弧-弧后盆地是海底热液硫化物发育的重要环境。本文总结了近几十年对西太平洋地区岛弧-弧后盆地热液活动调查及研究的成果,阐述了岛弧-弧后盆地热液活动的分布规律、构造环境、热液喷口水深和流体温度变化关系、相分离过程以及热液硫化物的金属元素组成特征,分析了成矿元素富集规律和控矿因素。研究认为,随着岛弧-弧后盆地热液喷口所处水深的增加,其最高喷口流体温度也相应增加,这与相分离过程有关;岛弧-弧后盆地热液硫化物与洋中脊硫化物不同,以Fe-Zn-Pb型硫化物为主,显著富集Zn、Pb、Au、Ag等金属元素;热液成矿作用主要受到岛弧及弧后扩张处的岩浆作用、相分离、基岩、弧后扩张速率、沉积物盖层等5类因素的制约。     

一种未定名硫化物矿物——（Zn,Cu,Fe）S

未定名硫化物矿物是一个稀少矿物，它发现于内蒙古铅锌矿的钛卡岩矿床中。共生太物有黄铜矿、闪锌矿、方铅矿。它呈黑色，金属光泽，不透明，硬度为165－214kg/mm^2。反射铯为灰色微带蓝色，弱非均质性，深蓝－－黄褐色。化学成分（wt%）：S32.32、Cu6.46、Fe6.56、Zn54.29、Pb0.31、Cd0.2c、CO0.03（平均），分子式(Zn0.84Fe0.11Cu0.09)1.04S。X射线分析数据与闪锌矿相同，d值和晶胸参数比闪锌矿（含铁）的小，晶胞参数比人工合成闪锌矿的大。粉晶主要强线为3.108(100)、1.906(50)、1.628(30)、1.240(20)、1.103(20)。     

西藏冈底斯成矿带西段罗布真浅成低温热液型金银多金属矿床地质特征及发现意义

在野外地质调查基础上,通过详细的岩相学和矿物学观察,以及矿床对比研究等手段,初步探讨了罗布真金银多金属矿床成因类型和地质意义。罗布真金银多金属矿床位于冈底斯陆缘火山-岩浆弧西段,矿体受NWW向断裂构造控制,呈似层状、脉状、透镜体状产于帕那组火山岩中,或产于火山岩与始新世闪长岩的接触部位。金银矿体由石英脉、蚀变岩和角砾岩组成。矿石具有角砾状、条带状和网脉状等热液型矿床典型构造。金属矿物主要有自然金、碲银矿、黄铁矿、方铅矿、毒砂和闪锌矿等,非金属矿物有石英、玉髓、绿泥石、方解石等。围岩蚀变属于中、低温环境下的一套蚀变矿物组合,有绢云母化、硅化、碳酸盐化、绿泥石化等;围岩蚀变具有从矿脉中心到围岩有绢英岩化到青磐岩化过渡分带,垂向上也有顶部伊利石、硅华、玉髓层,深部绿泥石、绢云母、微细粒石英-玉髓脉的分带。成矿流体显示出低温、低盐度的特点,主要来自于大气降水;而金、银等成矿物质主要来源于围岩。通过矿床对比研究,初步确定罗布真金银多金属矿床属于低硫化型浅成低温热液型矿床,该成因类型矿床在冈底斯成矿带西段尚属首次发现。     

典型有机硫化合物热演化的加水热解实验研究

14种典型含硫化合物在 200～ 330 ℃温度区间、在有低硫褐煤和硫抑制剂存在条件下的加水热模拟实验结果表明,大多数结构类型的含硫化合物是结构不稳定的化合物,它们的热稳定性差异很大,不同结构类型的含硫化合物所对应的热解温度不同, 它们在不同温度段产物的分布也不尽相同,这表明单个硫化合物的地球化学行为差异很大,而单个有机硫化合物在有机质热成熟过程中的转换特征基本上可以依据其生成硫化氢、二次含硫化合物以及大分子含硫化合物的量来描述.另一方面,硫化氢作为主要热解产物表明硫化合物分解生成硫化氢是有机硫化合物成熟转化的主要机理性过程.在所调查的化合物中,苯并噻吩、二苯并噻吩、二苯硫和噻蒽等在最高热解温度下也不发生任何化学反应,表明这些化合物代表了稳定型结构的硫化合物,这与这些化合物广泛存在于成熟原油和沉积有机质中的状况是一致的.上述结果还显示含硫化合物的种类和结构类型是受有机质的成熟度或演化阶段控制的.     

Controls on the emplacement and genesis of the MKD5 and Sarah’s Find Ni–Cu–PGE deposits,Mount Keith,Agnew–Wiluna Greenstone Belt,Western Australia

The Mount Keith (MKD5) nickel sulfide deposit is one of the largest komatiite-hosted nickel sulfide deposits in the world; it is hosted by a distinctive spinifex-free, cumulate-rich, ultramafic horizon/unit termed the Mount Keith Ultramafic (MKU). The Mount Keith Ultramafic shows significant variation along its lateral extent. The internal architecture is made up of adcumulate-textured pods and lenses, which are flanked by thinner meso- and orthocumulate-textured units, overlain by pyroxenitic and gabbroic horizons. The lateral and vertical changes in the geometry and internal architecture reflect variations in the lithological association and emplacement conditions along the strike extent of the belt. The chilled margins of the Mount Keith Ultramafic unit contain ∼1,200 ppm Ni. Olivine cumulates average ∼2,500–3,500 ppm Ni, with few exceptions (Ni > 4,500 ppm) reflecting occurrence of minor nickel sulfides, whereas pyroxenites and gabbros generally contain, respectively, ∼1,500–2,000 and ∼100–1,000 ppm Ni. Olivine cumulates generally contain low Cr concentrations (<2,500 ppm Cr), with the rare presence of chromite-rich intervals containing anomalously high values (>5,000 ppm Cr). The internal stratigraphy of the Mount Keith Ultramafic unit may be subdivided into two groups based on rare earth element distribution. The chilled margins and the internal units of the Main Adcumulate domain display LREE-enriched patterns [(La/Sm) _n  > 1–3] and negative Eu, Hf, Zr, Nb, and Ti anomalies. The internal units in the Western Mineralized Zone generally display flat chondrite-normalized REE patterns and only minor negative Nb anomalies. The pattern of platinum-group element (PGE) distribution varies greatly along the strike extent of the Mount Keith Ultramafic unit. The chilled margins display relatively low absolute concentrations [PGE (excl. Os) ∼16 ppb] and relatively fractionated patterns, with subchondritic Pt/Pd ratios (∼1.5), and superchondritic Pd/Ir ratios (∼3). The PGE trends in the thick adcumulate-textured pods containing widespread nickel sulfide mineralization display positive correlation with sulfide abundance, whereas fractionated pyroxenites and gabbros in the thinner domains display highly depleted PGE concentrations and generally show compatible PGE trends. The nickel sulfide ore typology and style vary greatly along the strike extension of the Mount Keith Ultramafic unit. Basal massive nickel sulfide mineralization (e.g., Sarah’s Find) occurs in the thinner meso- and orthocumulate-textured units, whereas stratabound disseminated nickel sulfide mineralization (e.g., MKD5 Ni Deposit) is hosted in the adcumulate-textured pods. We hypothesize that the very low PGE content of the initial liquid of the Mount Keith Ultramafic unit indicates that the initial magma pulse that penetrated through the dacite host-rock had already equilibrated with sulfides at depth and/or carried entrained immiscible sulfide blebs. We argue that upon emplacement, the intruding magma experienced a significant thermal shock at the contact with water-saturated volcaniclastic breccias. The sudden chilling would have increased the viscosity of the magma, possibly to the point where it was no longer able to sustain the suspension of the immiscible sulfide liquid. As a result, the sulfide blebs coalesced and formed the basal massive sulfide nickel sulfide mineralization at the base of the sill (i.e., Sarah’s Find). Prolonged focused high volume magma flow within the sill resulted in the emplacement of a thick, lens-shaped accumulation of olivine adcumulate. Local variations in intensive parameters other than crustal assimilation (e.g., T, fO₂, fS₂) may be principally responsible for sulfide supersaturation and controlled the local distribution of stratabound disseminated nickel sulfide mineralization (e.g., MKD5 Ni Deposit), generally localized within the core of the thicker dunite lenses.     

西南印度洋中脊多金属硫化物矿产资源评价方法与指标体系

Based on the research of minerogenetic condition, ore-control factors, metallogenic geological environment and geological anomaly of polymetallic sulfide in Indian Ocean, the nine evaluation factors include water depth, structure, earthquake, gravity anomalies, magnetic anomalies, etc. were extracted and standardized. According to hierarchy analysis method, a structural model of four levels was designed. The comparison matrix was established to determinate thefactor weight. A set of perfectEvaluation methodology and indicator system was established. The results showed that the most favorable prospecting areas cover 58.33% of the research area and the more favorable prospecting areas cover 32.41% of the research area. This two areas are mainprospecting targets. This research findings provided a basis for lessening the target area in the future.