Zircon U–Pb and Wolframite Sm–Nd Dating of the Bayinsukhtu Tungsten Deposit in Southern Mongolia and its Geological Significance

The Bayinsukhtu tungsten deposit is a newly discovered quartz‐vein tungsten deposit in the Xing'an–Mongolia Orogenic Belt (XMOB) in southern Mongolia, hosted by the Bayinsukhtu granite porphyry. The granite porphyry is located mainly south of the study area, over 3 km². The rock consists of quartz and feldspar phenocrysts in a fine‐grained matrix, also mainly composed of feldspar and quartz. The granite porphyry samples demonstrate high SiO₂ and high alkalinity. All samples also straddle the high‐potassium calc‐alkaline series. In a plot of the molar ratios of A/NK versus A/CNK, the granites are metaluminous. The chondrite‐normalized REE patterns are characterized by large negative Eu anomalies and fractionated LREEs. The U–Pb age of zircons from the granite porphyry is 298.8 ± 1.8 Ma, and the Sm–Nd age of the five wolframite samples from the tungsten deposit is 303 ± 19 Ma. The cooling age of the granite porphyry and tungsten mineralization is within the error of measurement and is of the Late Carboniferous age. Geological and geochronological evidence shows that the tungsten mineralization and the granite porphyry at Bayinsukhtu are genetically closely related and that they are results of Carboniferous magmatism. Their tectonic setting is related to the accretion of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt during the late Paleozoic era.     

Rb–Sr Dating of Gold‐Bearing Pyrite in the Jinchang Porphyry Cu–Au Deposit,Heilongjiang Province,NE China

The Jinchang Cu–Au deposit in Heilongjiang Province, NE China, is located in the easternmost part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. Rb–Sr analyses of auriferous pyrite from the deposit yielded an isochron age of 113.7 ±2.5 Ma, consistent with previously reported Re–Os ages. Both sets of ages represent the timing of Cu–Au mineralization because (i) the pyrite was separated from quartz–sulfide veins of the mineralization stage in granite porphyry; (ii) fluid inclusions have relatively high Rb, Sr, and Os content, allowing precise measurement; (iii) there are no other mineral inclusions or secondary fluids in pyrite to disturb the Rb–Sr or Re–Os decay systems; and (iv) the closure temperatures of the two decay systems are ≥500°C (compared with the homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions of 230–510°C). It is proposed that ore‐forming components were derived from mantle–crust mixing, with ore‐forming fluids being mainly exsolved from magmas with minor amounts of meteoric water. The age of mineralization at Jinchang and in the adjacent regions, combined with the tectonic evolution of the northeast China epicontinental region, indicates that the formation of the Jinchang porphyry Cu–Au deposit was associated with Early Cretaceous subduction of the paleo‐Pacific Plate.     

Porphyry Copper Deposit Prognosis in the Middle Region of the Bangonghu–Nujiang Metallogenic Belt,Tibet, Using ASTER Remote Sensing Data

The B angonghu–N ujiang metallogenic belt is considered to be T ibet’s third copper belt after the Y ulong and G angdese copper belts. The D uolong gold‐rich porphyry copper deposit, located in the western part of the B angonghu–N ujiang belt was recently recognized as a superlarge prospect. The A dvanced S paceborne T hermal E mission and R eflection R adiometer (ASTER ) was used to characterize the D uolong porphyry deposit alteration area, and three methods, color enhancement, band ratio transformation, and spectral angle mapping, were utilized to extract the phyllic and argillic alteration zones, which are typically considered the most important predictors of porphyry copper. Seven prospecting areas, which match mapped alteration zones, were delineated in the D uolong deposit. In addition, an ASTER image of the eastern region of the B angonghu–N ujiang belt in the X iongmei area was used to extract alteration information, and an area with image characteristics similar to the D uobuza and B olong ore deposits was identified as a prospecting area. Numerous malachite outcrops were identified in the field, and both laboratory analysis and isotopic dating confirmed that the deposit had formed concurrently with the D uobuza deposit (119 M a). Geologic mapping at the 1:5000 scale was conducted in the area, and three types of ore‐bearing rocks were identified, indicating that this area has significant potential to host ore deposits. The discovery of the X iongmei copper mining area is significant for the B angonghu–N ujiang belt.     

庐枞火山岩盆地南部拔茅山铜矿深部找矿潜力分析

位于庐枞火山岩盆地南部的拔茅山铜矿,是细脉带蚀变岩型脉状铜矿的代表。研究表明,其深部具有斑岩型铜矿的勘探潜力。为了进一步明确其深部找矿潜力,针对研究区斑岩型、热液型铜多金属矿的岩体、断裂、接触带等主要控矿因素,利用高精度磁法和可控源音频大地电磁测深(CSAMT)成果,分别对拔茅山岩体的分布、产状和深部形态及其与围岩的接触带特征进行了剖析。在此基础上,通过与沙溪斑岩铜矿地质、物探异常特征的类比,指明了研究区的找矿方向和有利找矿部位,为进一步找矿提供了思路和依据。     

Iron oxide copper-gold (IOCG) mineralization at the Imiter inlier,Eastern Anti-Atlas,Morocco

The Imiter inlier at the eastern Anti-Atlas chain (Morocco) hosts a world-class epithermal Ag-Hg deposit, and several occurrences of sulfide-magnetite mineralization. These occurrences are confined to transcurrent faults that cut mildly to highly potassic I- and S-type granite intrusions (e.g., Igoudrane, Bou Teglimt, Taouzzakt and Bou Fliou).In this contribution, we present new field, petrographic and microanalytical data of the Bou Fliou sulfide-magnetite mineralization in the northwestern part of the Bou Teglimt granodiorite intrusion (567?±?6Ma). Field and microscopic investigations reveal pervasive silicification and potassic alteration associated with iron oxides-rich (>10?vol %) veins, stockworks, and breccias along NE-SW faults. The ore minerals are mainly magnetite, hematite, chalcopyrite, pyrite, sphalerite, Ag-galena, cobaltite, and less abundant Bi-sulfosalts (i.e., cosalite, galenobistmuthite, and llilanite-gustavite). The low-titanium iron oxides (magnetite and hematite), widespread iron-rich breccia, association with crustal scale fault zone, pervasive alteration, and overprinting mineral assemblages suggest a shallow level IOCG-style mineralization. High-order splays of the major fault zone could have provided effective traps for magmatic and basinal Cu and Zn-Pb hydrothermal fluids. The ～550 Ma intrusive phases in the region could have contributed by fluid, elements or heat in a local effective blumbing. The mineralogical and ore textural criteria reflecting ore formation at a realtively shallow crustal environment, but a fluid inclusion study is needed to characterize the ore fluids and mechanism of ore deposition.     

安徽茶亭铜金矿床赋矿石英闪长玢岩黑云母成分特征及成岩成矿指示意义

安徽宣城茶亭矿床位于长江中下游成矿带东南缘的南陵-宣城盆地内,是近年来该盆地内新发现的大型斑岩型Cu-Au矿床。石英闪长玢岩是茶亭矿床主要的赋矿岩石,文章从石英闪长玢岩的造岩矿物黑云母入手,利用EMPA及LA-ICP-MS等原位微区分析方法,对黑云母进行了详细的矿物化学分析,旨在查明赋矿石英闪长玢岩形成的物理化学条件,并探讨其成岩成矿意义。分析结果表明:茶亭赋矿石英闪长玢岩中黑云母具有高w(TiO_2)、低w(Al_2O_3)的特征,整体富Mg、贫Fe。黑云母温压计算结果表明,在不同深度上,石英闪长玢岩具有相似的结晶温度及压力,其结晶温度为746～773℃,压力为44～85 MPa,对应深度为1.7～3.3 km,平均为2.47 km,显示石英闪长玢岩侵位深度相对较浅。黑云母中高的氧化系数(0.613～0.864)、高Mg#(0.557～0.864),以及w(MgO)介于14.73%～15.86%,均显示石英闪长玢岩为壳幔混源,并且以幔源为主。黑云母成分显示石英闪长玢岩形成于较高氧逸度条件下。浅部岩体具有较高的X_(Mg)值,表明浅部岩体氧逸度较高,可能指示随着岩浆的不断演化,残余岩浆的氧逸度不断降低。同时,石英闪长玢岩黑云母相对一般斑岩型铜矿具有较高的w(Cu),并且高Cl、低F。这些特征均有利于茶亭Cu-Au矿床的形成。     

赣南淘锡坑石英脉型钨矿床成矿机制探讨:来自流体包裹体的证据

赣南地区淘锡坑钨矿床是典型的大型石英脉型钨锡多金属矿床。矿体赋存于震旦系浅变质砂(板)岩,并延伸至深部花岗岩内,按空间产出位置分为内带矿体和外带矿体,包括宝山、西山、烂埂子、枫岭坑4大脉组,矿体产出各不相同,矿物组合也具有明显分带特征。在详细的岩相学研究基础上,文章选择淘锡坑主成矿期石英为研究对象,并与共生黑钨矿作对比,从空间角度开展不同脉组、不同矿体或中段的流体包裹体的对比研究。根据流体包裹体岩相学,石英包裹体类型有H_2O-NaCl型包裹体(Ⅰ型)、H_2O-NaCl-CO_2型包裹体(Ⅱ型)和纯CO_2体系裹体(Ⅲ型)及少量含石盐子晶的多相包裹体,并同时捕获贫CO_2的盐水溶液包裹体和纯CO-2气相包裹体。包裹体显微测温结果显示:内、外带石英脉气液两相的包裹体均具有较宽温度和盐度范围,外带均一温度和盐度w(NaCl_(eq))分别集中于200～220℃、1%～6%,内带均一温度和盐度w(NaCleq)分别集中于100～220℃、3%～7%,流体为中-低盐度、富含CO_2的H_2O-CO_2-NaCl体系,不同脉组不同矿脉之间对比结果均显示出多期成矿的特征。在矿脉形成过程中,流体的成分和温度在内外接触带有明显变化,表明岩体与围岩接触界面是造成淘锡坑矿床内带矿体和外带矿体的成矿条件改变的转折位置,成矿流体在此附近发生CO_2逸失引起相分离的不混溶作用是成矿的主要因素。     

内蒙古丰镇市泉子沟斑岩钼矿床成岩成矿年代学及其地质意义

泉子沟斑岩钼矿床位于内蒙古丰镇市,地处华北克拉通北缘内蒙古台隆凉城断隆内。矿区出露一套燕山期花岗质杂岩体——红娘山杂岩体,主要由中粗粒花岗岩、似斑状花岗岩和石英斑岩组成,钼矿体主要赋存于似斑状花岗岩中。文章在详细的野外地质调查基础上,对泉子沟矿床的成岩成矿时代进行了详细研究,并探讨了地质意义。5件辉钼矿样品的Re-Os模式年龄介于(158.8±2.2)Ma~(161.5±2.2)Ma之间,其加权平均值为(159.8±1.0)Ma(MSWD=0.92),等时线年龄为(161.7±3.1)Ma(MSWD=1.40)。红娘山杂岩体LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄分别为:中粗粒花岗岩结晶年龄为(173±1)Ma(MSWD=0.88),似斑状花岗岩侵位年龄为(162±1)Ma(MSWD=0.40),石英斑岩结晶年龄为(160±2)Ma(MSWD=1.90)。辉钼矿Re-Os和锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,泉子沟钼矿床形成于晚侏罗世早期,成矿与似斑状花岗岩关系密切。泉子沟钼矿床的辉钼矿w(Re)介于16.49×10~(-6)~32.87×10~(-6),暗示成矿物质主要来自下地壳。     

黑龙江省塔河县宝兴沟金矿床中生代侵入岩及其对成矿作用的制约

宝兴沟金矿床为近年来在漠河前陆盆地南缘新发现的大型金矿床。区内发育石英闪长岩、闪长玢岩、花岗细晶岩等侵入岩,矿体主要产于石英闪长岩、闪长玢岩内部及其与二十二站组砂岩的内外接触带中。地球化学研究表明,石英闪长岩具高钾、低钛、富碱特征,花岗细晶岩具高硅、高钾、低钛、富碱特征,二者均为高钾钙碱性系列岩石,富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Ba、Sr等,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti和重稀土元素Yb、Y,但二者稀土元素特征和配分曲线差异较大,不具成因联系。矿石与石英闪长岩、闪长玢岩具有相似的微量元素、稀土元素组成和稀土元素配分曲线,表明石英闪长岩、闪长玢岩为成矿提供了热液和成矿物质等,与成矿具有密切的成因联系。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素测年结果显示,石英闪长岩成岩时间为118.13~121.77 Ma,限定了宝兴沟金矿床的形成时间不早于118Ma,为早白垩世,形成于太平洋板块俯冲后的伸展环境。漠河前陆盆地除中-晚侏罗世侵入岩外,早白垩世中酸性侵入岩对区域成矿也具有重要的作用,是今后找矿的重要方向之一。     

延边农坪富金斑岩铜矿床花岗闪长斑岩年代学、地球化学及其地质意义

农坪金铜矿床位于吉林省珲春市春化境内,是一座中型富金斑岩型矿床。文章采用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年方法,对农坪含矿花岗闪长斑岩进行了锆石U-Pb分析,获得加权平均年龄为(95.6±1.6)Ma,表明花岗闪长斑岩形成于晚白垩世。地球化学分析显示,农坪含矿斑岩富碱(5.6%~6.7%),高Mg#(47~55)、富集LILE和LREE,亏损HFSE和HREE,高Sr/Y(32~57)、(La/Yb)N(10~21)比值,具有埃达克质岩石的特点,岩浆的形成可能存在壳幔混合及分离结晶作用。结合区域大地构造背景和同一构造带上其他矿床的形成时代和特征,笔者认为农坪矿床是晚白垩世古太平洋板块向欧亚大陆斜向俯冲背景下陆缘弧岩浆作用及热液活动的产物。