西秦岭安房坝金矿床矿化花岗闪长岩脉锆石U-Pb年龄、微量元素及Hf同位素特征

安房坝金矿床位于"甘肃崖湾-大桥地区金锑矿"整装勘查区,是近十年来找矿工作中新探获的一处中型规模石英脉型金矿床。矿区内花岗闪长岩脉发育,空间上与石英脉型金矿体密切伴生,局部有金矿化。通过对两类不同矿化蚀变程度脉岩样品中的锆石CL图像特征及LA-ICP-MS微量元素分析,本文识别出了岩浆锆石与热液锆石两类不同成因的锆石。其中热液锆石通常作为岩浆锆石增生边出现,具有典型的暗色增生边结构,更高的普通铅含量及Th、U含量,比原生岩浆锆石更加富集轻稀土且Ce正异常特征不明显。通过对花岗闪长岩样品AFB.21中的岩浆锆石U-Pb定年获得安房坝金矿区花岗闪长岩脉体的侵位年龄约为219.6±2.8Ma,安房坝金矿床金成矿作用应晚于该时间。AFB.20、AFB.21两件样品中热液锆石U-Pb定年工作表明安房坝金矿区存在224~217Ma的岩浆期后热液活动。两类锆石具有相似的Hf同位素组成,表明两者是同一岩浆作用过程演化的结果,εHf（t）值为-2.5~-15.8,tDM2=1917~3097Ma,指示其可能来自于太古代-古元古代的古老地壳物质重熔。本次研究支持大桥-崖湾-安房坝一带存在隐伏岩体的剩余重力异常解译结果。蚀变花岗闪长岩脉体与隐伏岩体,以及该脉体中热液锆石与矿区内的金矿化的关系值得进一步研究与探讨。     

热液金刚石压腔在流体包裹体研究中的应用——以川西甲基卡伟晶岩型矿床为例

流体包裹体是赋存在矿物中的流体样品,均一实验是以其研究成岩成矿流体演化的重要步骤和内容。但某些深成岩或矿床中的流体包裹体,如我国川西甲基卡伟晶岩型锂矿中的富CO2包裹体,因具有较大的内压,当利用传统的热台在1个大气压下加热时,容易发生爆裂而无法观测到均一行为和均一温度。因此,本文利用热液金刚石压腔(HDAC),以H2O为压力介质对流体包裹体施加外压,完成了甲基卡矿床No.134号脉石英中富CO2包裹体的均一实验。实验结果表明,随着外压的增大,均一温度呈降低的趋势,说明流体包裹体在被捕获后并非严格的等容,从而警示我们以后再对深成矿床中具有高内压的流体包裹体进行显微测温时应选用HDAC以获得更为可靠准确的数据。补充富CO2包裹体的均一实验数据后,石英中的H2O-CO2-NaCl包裹体表现出良好分异现象,随着均一状态自液态CO2→CO2与H2O临界相→液态H2O相变化,均一温度和盐度也随之降低,且比锂辉石中的包裹体具有更低的盐度和更大的温度变化范围。这些热力学特征说明,在锂辉石型伟晶岩形成过程中,锂辉石和石英先后结晶,分别主要捕获富子晶包裹体和H2O-CO2-NaCl包裹体,同时Li+不断向锂辉石结晶前锋聚集,使参与流体的Li+含量降低,致使石英中流体包裹体的盐度呈现出降低的趋势。     

云南永善长坪铁多金属矿矿床成因

矿体赋存于上二叠统宣威组下段铝土质粉砂质泥岩中。赤铁矿为主,次为磁铁矿、菱铁矿等。矿体与底板围岩呈突变关系,赤铁矿化强烈。     

热液烃的生成与深部油气藏

热液烃不仅分布于洋底,在大陆也有广泛分布,实验表明:热液对碳酸盐岩和沉积有机质的作用均有油气生成;洋底火山岩流体包裹体、原油、有机质Pb、Sr、Nd同位素均表明地幔流体在油气生成中的作用。认识热液烃的存在对开拓深部油气藏的勘探有重要意义。     

UV-Vis spectrophotometric and XAFS studies of ferric chloride complexes in hyper-saline LiCl solutions at 25-90 °C

The speciation and thermodynamic properties of ferric chloride complexes in hydrothermal solutions and hypersaline brines are still poorly understood, despite the importance of this element as a micronutrient and ore-component. Available experimental data are limited to room temperature and relatively low chloride concentrations. This paper reports results of UV-Vis spectrophotometric and synchrotron XAFS experiments of ferric chloride complexes in chloride concentrations up to 15 m and at temperatures of 25-90 °C. Qualitative interpretation of the UV-Vis spectra shows that FeCl²⁺, FeCl₂⁺, FeCl_3(aq) and FeCl₄⁻ were present in the experimental solutions. As chloride concentrations increase, higher ligand number complexes become important with FeCl₄⁻ predominating in solutions containing more than 10 m at 25 °C. The predominance fields of FeCl_3(aq) and FeCl₄⁻ expand to lower Cl concentrations with increasing T. Both XANES and UV-Vis spectra reveal a major change in the geometry of the complex between FeCl₂⁺ and FeCl_3(aq). EXAFS data confirm that the number of chloride ligands increases with increasing chloride concentration and show that Fe³⁺, FeCl²⁺ and FeCl₂⁺ share an octahedral geometry. FeCl_3(aq) could be either tetrahedral or trigonal dipyramidal, while FeCl₄⁻ is expected to be tetrahedral. EXAFS data support a tetrahedral geometry for FeCl₄⁻, especially at 90 °C, but do not allow to distinguish between a tetrahedral or trigonal dipyramidal geometry for FeCl_3(aq) because of similar Fe-Cl distances. At room temperature, EXAFS data suggest that FeCl_3(aq) may be a mixture of octahedral and tetrahedral or trigonal dipyramidal forms.The room temperature formation constants for three ferric chloride complexes (FeCl₂⁺, FeCl_3(aq) and FeCl₄⁻) determined from the UV data are generally in good agreement with previous studies. Calculations based on the properties extrapolated to 300 °C show that hematite solubility is much higher than previously estimated, and that the high orders complexes FeCl_3(aq) and FeCl₄⁻ are important at high temperatures even in solutions with low chloride concentrations. The accuracy of these properties is limited by a poor understanding of activity-composition relationships in concentrated electrolytes, and by limitations in the available experimental techniques and extrapolation algorithms; however, the inclusion of higher order complexes in numerical models of ore transport and deposition allows for a more accurate qualitative prediction of Fe behaviour in hydrothermal and hypersaline systems.     

山西恒山巨晶状直闪石岩的成因:来自地球化学和Sm-Nd同位素的证据

山西恒山地区的巨晶状直闪石岩由石榴石、直闪石、蓝晶石、十字石、堇青石、石英、金红石、钛铁矿和少量斜长石和普通角闪石组成,岩石SiO2含量类似于中-基性岩,但比后者更富镁铁而贫钙和碱。岩石可分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ两种类型:Ⅰ类直闪石岩含有石榴石变斑晶,并相对低镁、钛和碱,而含有较高铝、铁,其高场强和稀土元素特征类似于岛弧玄武岩,岩石的143Nd/144Nd为0.511361～0.511894,tDM(Nd)=2.39～2.60Ga,Nd同位素特征与五台杂岩中的基性变质岩一致。Ⅱ类直闪石岩富含直闪石,一般不出现石榴石,相对高镁、钛和碱,而含有较低铝和铁,高场强和稀土元素特征类似于大洋中脊拉斑玄武岩。岩相学和地球化学对比表明,本区直闪石岩的原岩是由与五台杂岩变质基性岩类似的火山岩经受海水热液蚀变的产物,这种水热蚀变引起基性岩中钙、碱丢失和镁(铁)富集,并可能形成大量绿泥石等富水矿物。直闪石岩的现有矿物组合是经历高压角闪岩相变质和接续的等温降压作用形成的,其中巨晶结构是由于这种极富流体岩石在峰期之前的前进变质过程中大量脱水所致,与这种大量脱水伴随的变质分异作用导致了直闪石岩成分的进一步改造。     

Rosia Poieni copper deposit,Apuseni Mountains,Romania: advanced argillic overprint of a porphyry system

The Rosia Poieni deposit is the largest porphyry copper deposit in the Apuseni Mountains, Romania. Hydrothermal alteration and mineralization are related to the Middle Miocene emplacement of a subvolcanic body, the Fundoaia microdiorite. Zonation of the alteration associated with the porphyry copper deposit is recognized from the deep and central part of the porphyritic intrusion towards shallower and outer portions. Four alteration types have been distinguished: potassic, phyllic, advanced argillic, and propylitic. Potassic alteration affects mainly the Fundoaia subvolcanic body. The andesitic host rocks are altered only in the immediate contact zone with the Fundoaia intrusion. Mg-biotite and K-feldspar are the main alteration minerals of the potassic assemblage, accompanied by ubiquitous quartz; chlorite, and anhydrite are also present. Magnetite, pyrite, chalcopyrite and minor bornite, are associated with this alteration. Phyllic alteration has overprinted the margin of the potassic zone, and formed peripheral to it. It is characterized by the replacement of almost all early minerals by abundant quartz, phengite, illite, variable amounts of illite-smectite mixed-layer minerals, minor smectite, and kaolinite. Pyrite is abundant and represents the main sulfide in this alteration zone. Advanced argillic alteration affects the upper part of the volcanic structure. The mineral assemblage comprises alunite, kaolinite, dickite, pyrophyllite, diaspore, aluminium-phosphate-sulphate minerals (woodhouseite-svanbergite series), zunyite, minamyite, pyrite, and enargite (luzonite). Alunite forms well-developed crystals. Veins with enargite (luzonite) and pyrite in a gangue of quartz, pyrophyllite and diaspore, are present within and around the subvolcanic intrusion. This alteration type is partially controlled by fractures. A zonal distribution of alteration minerals is observed from the centre of fractures outwards with: (1) vuggy quartz; (2) quartz + alunite; (3) quartz + kaolinite ± alunite and, in the deeper part of the argillic zone, quartz + pyrophyllite + diaspore; (4) illite + illite-smectite mixed-layer minerals ± kaolinite ± alunite, and e) chlorite + albite + epidote. Propylitic alteration is present distal to all other alteration types and consists of chlorite, epidote, albite, and carbonates. Mineral parageneses, mineral stability fields, and alteration mineral geothermometers indicate that the different alteration assemblages are the result of changes in both fluid composition and temperature of the system. The alteration minerals reflect cooling of the hydrothermal system from >400 °C (biotite), to 300–200 °C (chlorite and illite in veinlets) and to lower temperatures of kaolinite, illite-smectite mixed layers, and smectite crystallization. Hydrothermal alteration started with an extensive potassic zone in the central part of the system that passed laterally to the propylitic zone. It was followed by phyllic overprint of the early-altered rocks. Nearly barren advanced argillic alteration subsequently superimposed the upper levels of the porphyry copper alteration zones. The close spatial association between porphyry mineralization and advanced argillic alteration suggests that they are genetically part of the same magmatic-hydrothermal system that includes a porphyry intrusion at depth and an epithermal environment of the advanced argillic type near the surface.Editorial handling: B. Lehmann     

云南香格里拉图姆沟组硅质岩地球化学特征及意义

本文就香格里拉地区图姆沟组（T3t）的硅质岩岩石学和地球化学特征进行分析研究,进而揭示出晚三叠世早期研究区属于甘孜—理塘洋盆的深水盆地环境,构造相对稳定,形成具深水沉积特征的正常生物沉积硅质岩;晚三叠世中-晚期,伴随甘孜-理塘洋盆向中咱地块俯冲消减,研究区构造活动强烈,热水来源广泛,则主要形成热水沉积硅质岩.     

河北承德黑山铁矿床热液成矿特征及流体包裹体研究

黑山大型钒钛磁铁矿矿床产于大庙斜长岩杂岩体中,是承德地区最重要的"大庙式"岩浆型铁矿床。笔者在矿区野外地质观察过程中发现,穿插于斜长岩中的铁磷矿脉、磁铁矿硫化物矿脉有热液成矿作用的显示,表明黑山铁矿床成因除传统认为的岩浆期结晶、熔离、矿浆贯入成矿作用外,还有热液期的成矿作用发生。本文对热液成矿期铁磷矿石中磷灰石和矿化蚀变石英中的流体包裹体进行了显微测温和激光拉曼光谱分析。结果表明,磷灰石中原生包裹体可以分为气液两相包裹体、含子矿物包裹体、含液态CO2三相包裹体、单液相、单气相包裹体5类,均一温度主要集中于180～420℃,盐度主要集中于6.2%～38.9%NaCleq,流体包裹体气相成分主要为CO2、N2和CH4,液相成分主要为H2O,固相成分主要为方解石、石盐、白云石及铁氧化物子矿物。石英中流体包裹体类型和成分与磷灰石中的类似,但固相成分未发现石盐和不透明金属子矿物,均一温度变化于149～422℃,盐度变化于5.7%～22.9%NaCleq。成矿流体为CaCl2-NaCl-H2O-CO2体系,均一温度和盐度呈现正相关连续渐变的特征。铁磷矿石的磷灰石中原生包裹体为流体包裹体,盐度高,子矿物种类复杂,组成中富含CO2和CH4等,这些特征显示成矿流体以岩浆热液为主;成矿机理可能与大气降水对岩浆热液的稀释有关。     

孟连回林低温热液构造角砾岩型金多金属矿

对矿化蚀变带进行分析研究,矿床位于中-下石炭统接触裂隙破碎带中,总结成矿规律,建立找矿标志,为该区的地质找矿指明方向。