锦屏一级左岸导流洞出口边坡开挖支护有限元模拟

锦屏一级水电站左岸导流洞出口边坡岸坡陡峻,层间挤压破碎带、顺坡卸荷裂隙及深部裂缝发育。边坡开挖将切除部分维持边坡稳定的坡脚岩体,从而对工程边坡及上部变形拉裂岩体的稳定性产生不利影响。基于锚固岩体弹塑性等效本构关系,采用弹塑性有限元法对边坡开挖、加固及地震作用进行了数值模拟,分析了开挖边坡的稳定性,并对初拟的“先锚后挖、边挖边锚”的施工程序的合理性进行了评价,提出了若干对工程建设具有一定指导意义的建议。     

基于抛物线型D-P准则的岩质边坡稳定性分析

岩质边坡内通常会存在部分拉剪屈服区,因此,在岩质边坡的稳定性分析中采用能够同时考虑拉剪屈服和压剪屈服的H-B准则相较M-C准则来说更为合适。推导了基于H-B准则的抛物线型D-P准则,克服了H-B准则在数值计算中的困难。针对基于抛物线型D-P准则的有限元强度折减法,证明了折减抛物线型D-P准则材料参数的合理性。结合上述研究成果,分析了茨哈峡水电站右岸泄水边坡在天然状况下和泄水雾化状况下的稳定安全度。计算结果表明,该边坡在天然状况下是稳定的,但在泄水雾化状况下将会发生失稳。因此,需对该边坡采取工程处理措施,提高其稳定安全度,以防泄洪雾化失稳。     

Private equity,public affair: Hydropower financing in the Mekong Basin

Large-scale hydropower development is increasingly popular. Although international finance is a significant driver of hydropower market expansion, financial data is relatively obscure and literature remains scarce. This article tracks the financial process in hydropower development in the Mekong River Basin. It shows a shift in influence from traditional public international financial institutions to a diverse mix of private actors, who are enticed with attractive terms of trade and complete decision making power over water resource management. Traditional players have now taken on a more facilitating and regulatory role by providing guarantees and mitigating social and environmental impacts partly releasing the new global and regional private actors from these responsibilities. Because hydropower financing involves opaque processes and confidential documents public accountability is severely limited. While the private sector benefits from relatively short term returns, the public sector is left responsible for long term impacts.     

Stability analysis on Jinjia dam hydropower project in Chongqing City

The stability analysis is one of the chief problems at hydropower stations.The Jinjia Hydropower Station is a significant project in Southwest China.The paper adopts the rigidity limited equilibrium theory and evaluated stability of the slope body,which will provide the evidences for further detail design.     

Performance assessment and optimization of seepage control system: A numerical case study for Kala underground powerhouse

The Kala Hydropower Station, planned in the middle reach of Yalong River in China, consists of a large-scale cavern system for water conveyance and power generation. The construction site is characteristic of difficult geological conditions and is rich in groundwater, and the control of groundwater flow in the surrounding rocks of the underground caverns becomes one of the key technological issues. This case study presents a systematic performance assessment of the seepage control system designed for the underground caverns by finite element numerical modeling, with particular concerns on geological characterization of the site and quantitative determination of the excavation-induced variation in hydraulic conductivity of the surrounding rock masses. The significant influence of the excavation-induced permeability variation on the seepage field in the surrounding rocks and the overall behaviors of the seepage control system are comprehensively illustrated by the numerical results, and the optimized design parameters are suggested for the drainage system. The methodology presented in this study is useful for understanding the performance of the seepage control system widely deployed in underground powerhouse engineering.     

一种基于地质指标的裂隙岩体渗透系数估算模型

裂隙岩体的渗透特性受控于裂隙的发育特征、连通特性和充填情况,并与岩体的地应力水平具有显著的相关性。基于裂隙岩体渗透性的影响因素,并考虑现有渗透系数估算模型的不足,利用钻孔压水试验和钻孔电视图像资料,建立考虑埋深(Z)、岩石质量指标(RQD)以及充填物指标(FSD)等3个指标的渗透系数估算ZRF模型,并应用到牙根二级水电站及其他工程区的渗透系数估算中。结果表明,与已有的渗透系数估算模型相比,ZRF模型较好地反映了岩体渗透性的影响因素,且模型参数物理意义明确,便于获取,对分析裂隙岩体渗透性具有一定的工程参考价值。     

岩体结构面剪切流变试验及模型参数反演分析

针对锦屏二级水电站地下洞室群围岩富含节理的实际情况,采用弱面直剪流变仪对组成隧洞围岩的主要岩样（板岩、大理岩）进行了含软弱夹层岩石的剪切流变试验,得出岩石夹层的剪应力-剪切位移时程曲线。通过对岩石夹层试验结果的分析,得出了岩石的长期强度参数,与快剪试验获得抗剪强度参数相比较发现长期抗剪强度参数有所降低,且凝聚力对剪切流变特性的影响略高于内摩擦系数。最后通过对6种模型的拟合分析,得出了适合岩石夹层的标准线性体流变模型,在此基础上通过反演分析得到了岩石夹层标准线性体黏弹-塑性剪切流变模型,并反演了该模型的参数。     

锦屏一级高拱坝坝基加固效果分析

锦屏一级高拱坝复杂的坝址地质条件使基础加固处理工程巨大,主要包括左岸混凝土垫座置换、左岸传力硐、左岸f5、f8、煌斑岩脉混凝土网格置换,右岸f13、f14断层混凝土网格置换。采用非线性有限元分析方法,对坝基加固后锦屏一级水电站坝体在多种工况下的的应力、变形特性进行了计算分析,给出了坝体蓄水期的应力、位移分布及超载、降强对位移的影响结果,并与无垫座方案的相关数据进行对比,表明加固后坝体蓄水期总体变形规律明显改善,坝踵拉应力减小,坝体与坝基安全储备能力提高,满足设计要求;在应力、变形方面肯定了大规模加固措施的必要性。     

基于静动力有限元的边坡抗震稳定分析方法

由人工截断边界输入地震波,通过时程积分法确定地震荷载作用下边坡的应力和变形,在人工截断边界上采用黏-弹性人工边界条件模拟地基辐射阻尼的影响。采用有限元强度折减法求解边坡稳定安全系数,以塑性区贯通时刻特征点的位移突变作为边坡失稳的评判标准。非线性有限元和黏-弹性人工边界条件结合运用,建立了基于静动力有限元的边坡抗震稳定分析方法。该方法在稳定安全系数的定义上和传统的刚体极限平衡法是一致的。以十里铺水电站为工程实例,分析了库区边坡的抗震稳定性,得出了边坡动力位移时程和动力稳定安全系数,计算结果合理评价了实际工程在地震荷载下的稳定性。     

高地应力条件下大型地下厂房松动区变化规律及参数反演

松动区是控制地下洞室围岩变形及失稳的重要因素。以锦屏一级水电站为例,结合声波测试及多点位移计监测成果,对高地应力和低强度应力比条件下大型地下厂房围岩松动区的分布及变化特征进行分析,并采用BP网络和遗传算法对围岩参数进行反演。研究表明,声波测试的围岩松弛深度与多点位移计监测得到的围岩主要变形深度具有一致性,围岩松弛深度变化趋势与岩壁位移变化也存在对应关系,两者结合可以对围岩松动区的变化规律进行连续的分析。高地应力和低强度应力比条件下的松动区深度远大于一般应力条件,由于围岩应力状态调整、岩体破坏所导致的卸荷松弛成为围岩松弛的主要因素。开挖过程中,由于围岩应力状态的逐步调整,导致围岩的破坏和松弛的渐进发展,其中松弛深度在水平向的扩展较为明显。反演得到的松动区岩体变形模量及黏聚力较未松动岩体有明显降低,而摩擦角降低较少。因此,对松动区岩体进行灌浆加固,将有助于提高松动区岩体的变形模量和粘聚力,从而增强围岩的稳定性。