全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2076篇 |
免费 | 358篇 |
国内免费 | 628篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 145篇 |
大气科学 | 398篇 |
地球物理 | 418篇 |
地质学 | 1142篇 |
海洋学 | 414篇 |
天文学 | 97篇 |
综合类 | 148篇 |
自然地理 | 300篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 7篇 |
2023年 | 32篇 |
2022年 | 97篇 |
2021年 | 96篇 |
2020年 | 87篇 |
2019年 | 87篇 |
2018年 | 66篇 |
2017年 | 81篇 |
2016年 | 89篇 |
2015年 | 103篇 |
2014年 | 140篇 |
2013年 | 125篇 |
2012年 | 139篇 |
2011年 | 143篇 |
2010年 | 98篇 |
2009年 | 163篇 |
2008年 | 140篇 |
2007年 | 158篇 |
2006年 | 117篇 |
2005年 | 121篇 |
2004年 | 120篇 |
2003年 | 88篇 |
2002年 | 99篇 |
2001年 | 97篇 |
2000年 | 94篇 |
1999年 | 79篇 |
1998年 | 78篇 |
1997年 | 71篇 |
1996年 | 40篇 |
1995年 | 39篇 |
1994年 | 35篇 |
1993年 | 26篇 |
1992年 | 19篇 |
1991年 | 10篇 |
1990年 | 9篇 |
1989年 | 15篇 |
1988年 | 11篇 |
1987年 | 8篇 |
1986年 | 10篇 |
1985年 | 8篇 |
1984年 | 5篇 |
1983年 | 5篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有3062条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
51.
Scott W. White 《Natural Resources Research》2006,15(4):271-281
This paper updates a life-cycle net energy analysis and carbon dioxide emissions analysis of three Midwestern utility-scale
wind systems. Both the Energy Payback Ratio (EPR) and CO2 analysis results provide useful data for policy discussions regarding an efficient and low-carbon energy mix. The EPR is
the amount of electrical energy produced for the lifetime of the power plant divided by the total amount of energy required
to procure and transport the materials, build, operate, and decommission the power plants. The CO2 analysis for each power plant was calculated from the life-cycle energy input data.
A previous study also analyzed coal and nuclear fission power plants. At the time of that study, two of the three wind systems
had less than a full year of generation data to project the life-cycle energy production. This study updates the analysis
of three wind systems with an additional four to eight years of operating data.
The EPR for the utility-scale wind systems ranges from a low of 11 for a two-turbine system in Wisconsin to 28 for a 143-turbine
system in southwestern Minnesota. The EPR is 11 for coal, 25 for fission with gas centrifuge enriched uranium and 7 for gaseous
diffusion enriched uranium. The normalized CO2 emissions, in tonnes of CO2 per GWeh, ranges from 14 to 33 for the wind systems, 974 for coal, and 10 and 34 for nuclear fission using gas centrifuge and gaseous
diffusion enriched uranium, respectively. 相似文献
52.
运用高分辨率层序地层学原理和方法,通过对钻井和地震资料的综合分析,在二连盆地吉尔嘎朗图凹陷下白垩统中识别出1个超长期基准面旋回(二级层序)SSC1和5个长期基准面旋回(三级层序):LSC1,LSC2,LSC3,LSC4,LSC5,分析了各旋回的发育特征。识别出五种类型的沉积体系:滨浅湖近岸水下扇、较深水湖浊积扇、滨浅湖扇三角洲、滨浅湖辫状河三角洲和河流沉积体系,并在等时地层格架内分析了各基准面旋回的沉积体系构成和储层砂体的发育情况。综合分析生、诸、盖条件后认为,在垂向上,LSC3旋回为本区最有利的储集层段,在平面上,本区的油气勘探应主要寻找宝饶构造带辫状河三角洲前缘砂体,主要储层砂体类型为前缘分流水道砂和前缘席状砂。 相似文献
53.
54.
冷暖事件对大气能量循环和纬向平均环流影响的模拟研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用中国科学院大气物理研究所大气科学与地球流体力学数值模拟国家重点实验室新发展的GOALS 5全球海 陆 气耦合模式研究了暖事件 (ElNi no)和冷事件 (LaNina)对大气能量循环和纬向平均环流的影响 ,并用观测资料进行了对比分析。结果表明 :对于纬向平均资料来说 ,冷、暖事件在热带和副热带地区的大气环流相关量的反相变化特征非常清晰 ,中高纬度地区并不明显。此外 ,还发现 ,暖事件时定常涡动的经向热通量的变化是北半球对流层热带外地区温度异常的主要原因 ,而瞬变波的影响则起抵消作用。冷事件时定常波和瞬变波相互抵消的局地特征也依然存在 ,但瞬变波的影响有所增强。 相似文献
55.
Methanol has been recognised as an important constituent of the background atmosphere, but little is known about its overall cycle in the biosphere/atmosphere system. A model is proposed for the production and emission to the atmosphere of methanol by flowering plants based on plant structure and metabolic properties, particularly the demethylation of pectin in the primary cell walls. This model provides a framework to extend seven sets of measurements of methanol emission rates to the global terrestrial biosphere. A global rate of release of methanol from plants to the atmosphere of 100 Tg y–1 is calculated. A separate model of the global cycle of methanol is constructed involving emissions from plant growth and decay, atmospheric and oceanic chemical production, biomass burning and industrial production. Removal processes occur through hydroxyl radical attack in the atmosphere, in clouds and oceans, and wet and dry deposition. The model successfully reproduces the methanol concentrations in the continental boundary-layer and the free atmosphere, including the inter-hemispheric gradient in the free atmosphere. The model demonstrates a new concept in global biogeochemistry, the coupling of plant cell growth with the global atmospheric concentration of methanol. The model indicates that the ocean provides a storage reservoir capable of holding at least 66 times more methanol than the atmosphere. The ocean surface layer reservoir essentially buffers the atmospheric concentration of methanol, providing a physically based smoothing mechanism with a time constant of the order of one year. 相似文献
56.
冰芯记录中末次间冰期-冰期旋回气候突变事件的研究进展 总被引:9,自引:2,他引:9
冰芯记录中的气候变化是古气候研究中的重要组成部分. 极地、中低纬度和热带地区的冰芯记录表明, 在冰期间冰期旋回大尺度气候变化背景下, 全球经历了一系列数百年至千年时间尺度的快速气候突变事件, 诸如末次间冰期的干冷事件、末次冰期的DansgaardOeschger事件、 Heinrich事件和Younger Dryas事件等, 虽然这些穿插在冰阶中的暖湿气候事件、间冰阶中的干冷气候事件的成因、机制和影响范围还存在明显的不确定性. 主要介绍不同区域冰芯记录中末次间冰期冰期旋回这些气候突变事件发生的时间、过程和机制等的研究进展. 相似文献
57.
58.
59.
Research progress of socio-economic water cycle in China 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
China has made great progress in the study of socio-economic water cycle. She has completed national water resources appraisement
and medium to long-term water supply planning. She has been engaging in study on water-deficient regions in North China and
Northwest China for about half a century. For solving water shortage problem in northern China, she has put forward the famous
South-to-North Water Transferring Projects, which has been set as one of the four biggest national projects in the Tenth Five-Year-Plan
period although there are still debates. For promoting water use efficiency, China has been reforming her water management
system, including water right system and water price system. There has already been a case of water right purchase. China
has also done a lot of research on the interaction between human activity, water and ecosystem. For meeting the need of sustainability
and coordinating water resources development and environmental protection, the study of ecological water requirement became
very hot in recent years. There are three focuses of socio-economic water cycle study now in China: water transfer projects
from the south to the north, water resources management and ecological water requirement. 相似文献
60.
Yao Chun-xial Li Bao-sheng Jin He-ling David Dian Zhang Yan Man-cun Zhu Yi-zhi Li Hou-xin Zhang Yu-hong Luo Kai-li 《地理学报(英文版)》2002,12(1):65-71
The paper makes some analyses on 11 trace elements in the Milanggouwan stratigraphical section in the Salawusu River valley,
which is regarded as a prototype geology-palaeoclimate record since 150 ka BP. The results show that the content and variation
of trace elements has experienced remarkably regular changes in the pace with coarse and fine sedimentary cycles of palaeo-aeolian
sands to its overlying fluvio-lacustrine facies or/and palaeosols. The trace elements with chemical properties of relatively
active (V, Sr, Cu, Ni, As) and relatively stable (P, Pb, Rb, Mn, Nb, Zr) are a manifestation of the corresponding 27 changeable
cycles between peak and valley values, appearing a multi-fiuctuational process line of relative gathering and migration since
then. The low numerical value distribution of these two types of trace elements in the aeolian sand facies represents erosion
and accumulation under wind force during the cold-dry climate. Whereas their enrichments in both fluvio-lacustrine facies
and palaeosols are related to the valley’s special low-lying physiognomic position between the Ordos Plateau and the Loess
Plateau under the warm and humid climate conditions. The above relatively migrated and gathered change of the trace elements
is the result of 27 climatic cycles of cold-dry and warm-humid, which is probably caused by repeated alternations of winter
monsoon and summer monsoon in the Mu Us Sandy Land influenced by the climate vicissitudes in northern hemisphere during glacial
and interglacial periods since 150 ka BP. 相似文献