抽水试验方法和成井工艺类型对热储层水文地质参数的影响

水热型地热资源计算评价中,热储层水文地质参数的选取对地热资源的计算评价起关键性作用。由于地热井的施工成本较高,多数抽水试验没有合适的观测孔,往往采用稳定流抽水试验参数,作为地热资源计算评价的依据,稳定流抽水具有难以避免的局限性,使得人们对热储层水文地质参数不能较为准确的掌握。除试验方法之外,求参方法的选取,以及成井工艺的差别,对热储层水文地质参数均会产生较大影响。该文利用开展地热同层回灌的两眼地热井,分别采用不同抽水试验的方法、求参的方法,和不同的成井工艺类型3种条件,对比分析了热储层水文地质参数的差异及关系,为地热资源计算评价及地热尾水回灌方案提供参考。     

The chemical composition of the surface system of Peneos river, Thessaly/Central Greece

 Peneos is the mainstream for the drainage of Thessaly's basin. It contributes significantly in recharging the aquifers, as well as to the direct irrigation water, since there is intense agricultural activity in the basin of Thessaly. The investigation of the hydrochemical conditions of the surface water system of Peneos showed that the chemical composition is related to the lithology of the aquifers of the basin, the anthropogenic influence and the biological activity. The chemical composition of this system changes in time and space. The salinity decreases during the winter period, in contrast to the summer period when it increases drastically. The lower values of TDS appear in the upstream part of the river (95–124 mg/l) whereas downstream, the values of TDS increase significantly (400–632 mg/l). The hydrochemical type Ca-Mg-HCO₃ dominates the largest part of the river while it changes to NA-Cl in the estuary. The concentrations of the dissolved species in the main Peneos river are higher than in the spring waters. Peneos is the most polluted river in Greece. The concentration of the pollutants is higher at the downstream part of the river, but is lower than the accepted upper limits. The use of the surface water of the system of Peneos river for irrigation purposes based on the SAR factor is acceptable because the absorption ratio for Na and salinity are low and medium respectively. Received: 27 October 1997 · Accepted: 21 September 1998     

山东省枣庄市新城区环境水文地质条件定量评价

以包气带厚度、降水入渗系数、水力坡度、地下水质量、地下水资源量、距地表水距离、植被覆盖率这7项指标，建立了环境水文地质条件评价的参数及标准，运用灰色优势分析方法定量刻划环境水文地质条件质量，对该研究区有其适应性、适用性，并探讨了该评价方法存在的问题。     

江苏泰州市第Ⅳ承压水可采资源量的确定

为合理利用地下水资源、保护地质环境,采用传统的可采模数法对第Ⅳ承压含水层的可采资源量进行计算。结果表明,对研究程度低、资料欠缺的含水层,应用可采模数法确定可采资源量是行之有效的计算方法。     

Mineral and thermal waters of the Ipelská Pahorkatina hillyland

 Mineral and thermal waters occur at Kalinciakovo, Santovka, Dudince, Slatina and Turovce, in the inner side of the Western Carpathian arc, the south-western margin of the Central Slovak Neovolcanics, and on the so-called Levice spring line. They are important sources of mineral waters for Slovakia, which are used for different purposes (bathing therapy, bottling, recreation). The mineral and thermal waters of Dudince have an extraordinary position among them. The mineral water with its physico-chemical composition and content of gasses enables its wide use for bathing therapy and it occupies a special position among the mineral waters of the Carpathian arc. Received: 9 November 1998 · Accepted: 2 March 1999     

保山市杏花社区白纸房沟探采井储水构造模式

探采井岩性、产状、岩体破碎程度、构造条件、岩溶发育均利于地下水储存和运移,具有较好的承压条件。水井正好穿越岩溶管道,形成了自喷井(水量1 328m3)。解决2万余人的饮水,缓解旱情,取得了显著社会、经济效益。     

茂县牟托泉群水文地质条件及成因分析

牟托村位于茂县最南端,是山间河谷阶地地貌、洪积扇地貌及泥石流侵蚀地貌综合作用而成,分布有带状泉群,通过水文地质调查工作,结合Piper图和指印图探讨分析了该泉的成因,认为该泉是一个受多向补给的下降泉.泉水的补给来源是牟托沟上游的补给和基岩裂隙水及孔隙水的侧向补给.     

云南施甸发展经济的环境及其对策研究

云南施甸县传统农业发达。在封闭的年代,粮食、肉食、油料自给略有余,小有名气。改革开放后,由于观念陈旧落后,资源又相对贫乏,加上人多地少,工业基础差,财源少,成为保山地区的“困难户”,这是一种特殊现象。本文就是研究产生这一现象的背景原因,以及发展经济的策略途径和相应的措施。     

Distribution,characteristics and influencing factors of fresh groundwater resources in the Loess Plateau,China

The fresh groundwater in the Loess Plateau serves as a major source of water required for the production and livelihood of local residents and is greatly significant for regional economic and social development and ecological protection. This paper analyzes the hydrogeological conditions and groundwater characteristics in the Loess Plateau, expatiates on the types and distribution characteristics of the fresh groundwater in the plateau, and analyzes the influencing factors and mechanisms in the formation of the fresh groundwater in the plateau as a priority. Based on this, it summarizes the impacts of human activities and climatic change on the regional fresh groundwater. The groundwater in Loess Plateau features uneven temporal-spatial distribution, with the distribution space of the fresh groundwater closely relating to precipitation. The groundwater shows a distinct zoning pattern of hydrochemical types. It is fresh water in shallow parts and is salt water in deep parts overall, while the fresh water of exploration value is distributed only in a small range. The storage space and migration pathways of fresh groundwater in the loess area feature dual voids, vertical multilayers, variable structure, poor renewability, complex recharge processes, and distinct spatial differences. In general, the total dissolved solids (TDS) of the same type of groundwater tends to gradually increase from recharge areas to discharge areas. Conditions favorable for the formation of fresh groundwater in loess tablelands include the low content of soluble salts in strata, weak evaporation, and special hydrodynamic conditions. Owing to climate change and human activities, the resource quantity of regional fresh water tends to decrease overall, and the groundwater dynamic field and the recharge-discharge relationships between groundwater and surface water have changed in local areas. Human activities have a small impact on the water quality but slightly affect the water quantity of the groundwater in loess.© 2021 China Geology Editorial Office.     

Gene abundances of AOA,AOB, and anammox controlled by groundwater chemistry of the Pearl River Delta,China

Ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), and anaerobic ammoniaoxidation (anammox) bacteria are very important contributors to nitrogen cycling in natural environments. Functional gene abundances of these microbes were believed to be well relevant to N-cycling in groundwater systems, especially in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) groundwater with unique high intrinsic ammonia concentrations. In this research, 20 sediment samples from two in the PRD were collected for porewater chemistry analysis and quantification of N-cycling related genes, including archaeal and bacterial amoA gene and anammox 16S ribosomal Ribonucleic Acid (rRNA) gene. Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) results showed that gene abundances of AOA, AOB, and anammox bacteria ranged from 3.13×10⁵ to 3.21×10⁷, 1.83×10⁴ to 2.74×10⁶, and 9.27×10⁴ to 8.96×10⁶ copies/g in the sediment of the groundwater system, respectively. Anammox bacteria and AOA dominated in aquitards and aquifers, respectively, meanwhile, the aquitard-aquifer interfaces were demonstrated as ammonium-oxidizing hotspots in the aspect of gene numbers. Gene abundances of nitrifiers were analyzed with geochemistry profiles. Correlations between gene numbers and environmental variables indicated that the gene abundances were impacted by hydrogeological conditions, and microbial-derived ammonium loss was dominated by AOA in the northwest PRD and by anammox bacteria in the southeast PRD.© 2021 China Geology Editorial Office.