重磁位场转换计算中迭代法的综合分析与研究

处理转换计算在重磁资料解释中发挥着重要的作用,但一些计算如向下延拓、化极等有时是很不稳定的,在频率域中则表现为其转换因子具有明显的放大作用,所以其FFT理论计算结果是不稳定的.因此,很多研究工作都是围绕增加计算的稳定性、提高计算效果进行的,其中迭代法是近来在研究中受到普遍重视的方法技术,并取得了较好的成果.但也存在对迭代法研究还不够深入,对其存在的缺点认识不够充分、客观等问题,例如,迭代法进行延拓及化极等计算时,对一些具体应用虽能在一定程度上获得较好的计算结果,但却存在计算结果并不会随着迭代次数的增加而得到持续改善的问题,对于原本不稳定的计算,迭代法在迭代次数比较大时,所得的结果依然是不稳定的.为此,本文在对迭代法进行分析研究的基础上,进一步推导了迭代法的通式,并分析了对迭代法收敛性影响的各种因素.分析结果表明:迭代法收敛到FFT理论直接计算结果的决定因素是计算过程中如何选择原始数据到目标数据的映射函数;在选择了合适的映射函数的情况下,迭代次数不仅仅是决定计算成本,而是决定结果好坏的关键因素;增加迭代次数虽然能够使计算收敛到FFT直接计算理论结果,但如果该理论结果本身就是不稳定的,则迭代法计算如果收敛,也是收敛到一个不稳定的结果.所以针对位场处理转换中一些不稳定计算采用迭代法,并没有从根本上解决计算的不稳定性问题.     

马来盆地前I群油气成藏条件及富集规律

马来盆地前I群(即J、K、L、M群,渐新统—下中新统)具有良好的油气成藏条件:①发育多期有利于成藏的构造运动:前中新世伸展断裂阶段,湖相烃源岩大量发育;早、中中新世构造沉降阶段,并伴随盆地反转,形成前I群油气系统的储盖系统;②烃源岩优越:烃源岩为湖相富含藻类的页岩,成熟度较高,有机质含量较高;③储集层丰富:K群储集层为辫状河砂岩,J群储集层为河口湾河道砂岩和潮间砂岩;④盖层良好:主要盖层为盆地海侵期沉积的前J群三角洲—浅海相泥岩,次要盖层为K、L和M群内的湖泊相泥岩;⑤油气运移通道畅通:上倾侧向运移为主;⑥有利的生储盖组合:自生自储和下生上储的组合方式有利于油气藏的形成。前I群油气系统位于马来盆地的东南部,以生油为主。分析认为盆地的油气分布主要受烃源岩的分布、质量和成熟度以及构造圈闭形成的相对时间和油气运移方式的控制。     

同位素131Ⅰ测西台吉乃尔湖矿区含水层地质参数

盐湖区的水文地质参数特性与淡水区迥然不同。同位素示踪法可以利用西台盐湖区已有的长观井,机动灵活的随时监测含水层水文地质参数;由于介质的特殊性以及卤水性质的垂直差异性,造成水文地质参数的时空可变性;测试结果表明,对于完整井以及深的非完整井,该方法切实有效,但对于很浅的非完整井,测试结果具有很大的随机性。最后,根据测试结果以及有关的水文地质资料,把研究区分成7个渗透系数分区。     

Importance of hydrogeological conditions during formation of the karstic bauxite deposits,Central Guizhou Province,Southwest China: A case study at Lindai deposit

Karstic bauxite deposits are widespread in Central Guizhou Province, SW China, and high-grade ores are frequently sandwiched with overlying coal and underlying iron-rich layers and form a special “coal–bauxite–iron” structure. The Lindai deposit, which is one of the most representative karstic bauxite deposits in Central Guizhou Province, was selected as a case study. Based on textural features and iron abundances, bauxite ores in the Lindai deposit are divided into three types of ores, i.e., clastic, compact, and high-iron. The bauxite ores primarily comprise diaspore, boehmite, kaolinite, illite, and hematite with minor quartz, smectite, pyrite, zircon, rutile, anatase, and feldspar. The Al₂O₃ (53–76.8 wt.%) is the main chemical contents of the bauxite ore samples in the Lindai district, followed by SiO₂, Fe₂O₃, TiO₂, CaO, MgO, S, and P etc. Our geological data on the Lindai deposit indicated that the ore-bearing rock series and its underlying stratum have similar rare earth elements distribution pattern and similar Y/Ho, Zr/Hf, and Eu/Eu¹ values; additionally, all ore-bearing rock samples are rich in MgO (range from 0.16 wt.% to 0.68 wt.%), and the plots of the dolomites and laterites lie almost on or close to the weathering line fit by the Al-bearing rocks in Zr vs. Hf and Nb vs. Ta diagrams; suggesting that the underlying Middle Cambrian Shilengshui Formation dolomite is the parent rock of bauxite resources in the Lindai district.Simulated weathering experiments on the modern laterite from the Shilengshui Formation dolomite in the Lindai bauxite deposit show that hydrogeological conditions are important for karstic bauxite formation: Si is most likely to migrate, its migration rate is several magnitudes higher than those of Al and Fe under natural conditions; the reducing inorganic acid condition is the most conducive to Al enrichment and Si removal; Fe does not migrate easily in groundwater, Al enrichment and Fe removal can occur only in acidic and reducing conditions with the presence of organic matter.The geological and experimental studies show that “coal–bauxite–iron” structure in Lindai deposit is formed under certain hydrogeological conditions, i.e., since lateritic bauxite or Al-rich laterite deposited upon the semi-closed karst depressions, Si can be continuously removed out under neutral/acidic groundwater conditions; the coal/carbonaceous rock overlying the bauxitic materials were easily oxidized to produce acidic (H₂S, H₂SO₄, etc.) and reductant groundwater with organic materials that percolated downward, resulting in enrichment of Al in underlying bauxite; it also reduced Fe³⁺ to its easily migrating form Fe²⁺, moving downward to near the basal carbonate culminated in precipitating of ferruginous (FeS₂, FeCO₃, etc.) strata of the “coal–bauxite–iron” structure. Thus, the bauxitic materials experienced Al enrichment and Si and Fe removal under above certain hydrogeological conditions forming the high-quality bauxite.     

基于植被状态指数的云南省农业干旱状况时空分析

本文首先计算了云南省2004-2013年农业干旱指数VCI,然后使用Pearson相关系数评价降水与VCI的相关性,基于VCI识别云南省2004-2013年农业干旱事件,最后,与SPEI气象干旱识别结果进行对比分析,在VCI农业干旱识别的基础上,使用干旱频率和干旱面积占比指标分析了云南省2004-2013年农业干旱时空特征。结果表明：降水只是影响VCI指数的关键因素之一;VCI和SPEI指数均能够较好对干旱进行监测并识别典型干旱,但两者的识别结果存在差异;云南省农业干旱频率在春冬两季较高,夏季较低,秋季介于夏季和春冬季之间;春夏冬三季农业干旱频率空间分布较为均匀,秋季农业干旱频率呈南低北高的分布态势,整体上北部干旱频率高于南部;2004-2013年云南省整体干旱面积占比呈现先减小后增加再波动的趋势,春冬两季整体干旱面积占比最高,分别为46.63%和47.18%,呈现下降趋势,夏季整体干旱面积占比最低,为43.81%,呈现上升趋势,秋季整体干旱面积占比介于冬春季和夏季之间,为45.74%,呈现下降趋势。总之,云南省农业干旱春冬易发性最高,影响范围最大,夏季易发性最低,影响范围最小。     

勐兴铅锌矿区水文地质条件及水质有害性分析

矿区有独立的水文地质单元,地下水水质属较差一极差类,指出影响水质的有害因素,提出治理建议。     

不同地表条件下土壤冻结、融化规律分析

土壤温度是土壤热状况的综合表征指标,以深耕休闲裸地作为对照,分析了不同地表条件下土壤的冻融过程。结果表明,土壤的冻融作用具有阶段性,不同冻融阶段,土壤具有不同的冻结、融化特点。不同地表处理条件土壤的冻结、融化特点亦不同。     

纯油条件下合成碳酸盐岩烃类包裹体及其捕获机制探讨

设计了在接近实际储层温压条件下,流体介质为纯原油时在冰洲石中合成烃类包裹体的实验。合成样品的显微观察及荧光分析证实实验成功合成了烃类包裹体,实验证明油气对晶体生长和包裹体的形成有抑制作用,但不会终止其形成,纯油条件晶体仍能生长捕获包裹体,水并不是矿物生长捕获烃类包裹体的必须条件。结合矿物润湿性实验及前人研究将碳酸盐岩烃类包裹体捕获机制归纳为3种情况:油水共存(水润湿)、油水共存(油润湿)及纯油条件。水润湿条件下由水溶液提供矿物质来源,较易形成包裹体; 油润湿条件下由水溶液和油中的极性组分共同提供矿物质来源; 纯油条件下由原油中的极性组分和裂解产生的有机酸提供物源,形成烃类包裹体较少,晶体生长受到抑制。     

Growth, condition and energy stores of Arctic grayling fry inhabiting natural and artificial constructed Arctic tundra streams

Juvenile north-temperate and Arctic fishes are faced with trade-offs between energy allocation to growth and energy storage (primarily lipids) prior to over-wintering. We determined classical morphometric (fork length, body weight and condition factor) and biochemical (whole body triglycerides, muscle RNA/DNA ratio, muscle proteins) measures of growth and condition in individual young-of-the-year (YOY) Arctic grayling (Thymallus arcticus). Grayling were collected just prior to over-wintering in late August (approximately 50 days after swim-up) from two natural streams and five locations within a 3.4 km long artificial stream constructed as a fish habitat compensation project and diversion channel for the diamond mining industry in Northwest Territories, Canada (64°45′N). Fork lengths, body weights and whole body triglyceride levels in grayling collected from all sites along the artificial stream were significantly lower than fish collected from one of the natural streams. Condition factor (weight-at-length) was not different among grayling collected from natural and artificial streams. Muscle proteins were lower in grayling collected from four sites along the artificial stream compared to the natural streams. In contrast, muscle RNA/DNA ratios were greater in grayling collected from two sites in the artificial stream compared to natural streams. There were no consistent differences in any variable among grayling collected at the five artificial stream sites or among grayling collected from the two natural streams. The higher RNA/DNA ratios and lower fork lengths, whole body triglycerides and muscle proteins in grayling inhabiting the artificial stream are consistent with energy still being primarily allocated to growth in these fish at this late stage of summer. Individuals that are both larger and possess greater energy storage in the form of triglycerides are more likely to survive the long over-wintering period at this latitude. Our results suggest that YOY grayling using the artificial stream as nursery habitat will likely face increased over-winter mortality, thus raising concerns over the use of fish presence, spawning and rearing as criteria for the initial success of artificial streams as habitat compensation measures in Arctic tundra regions. Further research is needed to determine the potential consequences of reduced size and energy storage in juvenile fishes in order to assess the viability of stream fish habitat compensation and restoration projects associated with industrial development in Arctic tundra regions.     

四川广元地质景观类型及其形成条件与综合评价

广元境内地质景观主要集中分布于四个区中,即广元区、剑门关区、唐家河区和七里峡区,以岩溶地貌、丹霞地貌、典型地质剖面和水体景观为主,具有独特性、典型性、科学性和系统性、浓厚的历史文化性等特征。受构造条件、成景地层和流水侵蚀作用方式不同的影响,广元区以岩溶地貌和水体景观为主,剑门关区以丹霞地貌为主,唐家河区以地质构造剖面和变质岩剖面为主,七里峡区以岩溶地貌为主。按资源价值、景点规模与组合、环境状况和旅游条件等对四个区的地质景观进行综合评价,认为目前广元区和剑门关区具备构建国家地质公园的基本条件,唐家河区和七里峡区具备构建中型省级地质公园的基本条件。