深圳市近年空气质量与气象条件的关系

利用近4年深圳市大气污染物的质量浓度资料和天气型统计,分析了大气污染物浓度变化与本地天气特征、气象要素的关系,总结造成深圳市空气质量夏优冬差的天气气侯原因,归纳出850hPa与地面天气型的不同组合对空气质量的影响,并由此给出各种影响的逐月分布;最后根据大气污染物浓度逐年的概率密度分布曲线和空间分布描述了近年深圳市空气质量的年际变化和空间分布特征。     

新构造运动对藏北羌塘盆地油气保存条件的影响

羌塘盆地是一个中—新生代海相残留盆地,泥盆系至侏罗系以海相沉积为主,白垩系至第四系则以陆相沉积为主。分布最广的上三叠统和侏罗系是主要勘探目的层。喜马拉雅运动以来,羌塘盆地的中生代变形格架受到改造。晚白垩世以来至少有过四次强烈活动,走滑、逆冲与伸展三种构造变形形式共存,以逆冲断层和扭压断层占主导,正断层或扭张断层较少分布。断层发育程度是东、西两头强,中间相对较弱,在E89°～E91°中间区块受新构造应力破坏较弱。青藏高原以整体升降为主,羌塘盆地更是相对稳定,其二级夷平面依然平整,位于海拔5200～5300m之间,说明高原在隆升时保持着整体的稳定性。认为羌塘盆地受新生代动力作用的影响不大,仍具有良好的油气勘探潜力。     

Hydrological response characteristics of landslides under typhoon-triggered rainstorm conditions

Many landslide disasters, which tend to result in significant damage, are caused by typhoon-triggered rainstorms. In this case, it is very important to study the dynamic characteristics of the hydrological response of landslide bodies since it enables the early warning and prediction of landslide disasters in typhoon periods. To investigate the dynamic mechanisms of groundwater in a landslide body under typhoon-triggered rainstorm conditions, the authors selected the landslide occurring in Zhonglin Village, Wencheng County, China (also referred to as Zhonglin Village landslide) as a case study. The transient seepage field characteristics of groundwater in the landslide body were simulated with two different rainfall models by using the finite element method (FEM). The research results show that the impact of typhoon-triggered rainstorms on landslides can be divided into three stages: (i) Rapid rise of groundwater level; (ii) infiltration of groundwater from the surface to deeper level, and (iii) surface runoff erosion. Moreover, the infiltration rate of groundwater in the landslide body is mainly affected by the intensity of typhoon-induced rainfall. It can be deduced that higher rainfall intensity leads to a greater potential difference and a higher infiltration rate. The rainfall intensity also determines the development mode of landslide deformation and destruction.     

山东省苍山县沟西-西官庄铁矿沟西矿区水文地质特征及涌水量预测

山东省苍山县沟西-西官庄地区赋存有隐伏的鞍山式低品位铁矿,矿区水文地质条件属于中等型。对勘探施工的51个地质孔全部进行了简易水文地质编录,9个水文地质孔进行分层抽水试验,查明了铁矿矿区水文地质条件,对矿床充水因素进行了分析,确定水文地质单元边界条件模型,采用承压—无压完整式巷道双边进水水平坑道计算公式,对坑道各水平涌水量预测。预测结果与相邻水文地质条件相似的开采矿山涌水量分析对比,基本与当地相邻矿山涌水量实际相符,能够为矿山开发利用提供地学依据。     

Distribution, condition, and growth of newly settled southern flounder (Paralichthys lethostigma) in the Galveston Bay Estuary, TX

Several flatfish species, including southern flounder (Paralichthys lethostigma) recruit to estuaries during early life. Therefore, evaluation of estuarine sites and habitats that serve as nurseries is critical to conservation and management. The present study used density data in conjunction with biochemical condition and growth measurements to evaluate settlement sites used by southern flounder in the Galveston Bay Estuary (GBE). In 2005, beam-trawl collections were made in three major sections of the GBE (East Bay, Galveston Bay, West Bay). Three sites were sampled in each bay. Within each sampling site, replicate collections were taken from three habitats: 1) marsh edge (< 1 m depth), 2) intermediate zone (10–20 m from marsh interface;  1 m depth), and 3) bay zone (typically > 100 m from marsh interface; depth > 1 m). Average size of southern flounder collected was 12–19 mm standard length, and peak densities occurred in January and February. Catch data indicated that densities of southern flounder were significantly greater in East Bay (2.75 per 100 m²) than in Galveston Bay (0.91 per 100 m²) or in West Bay (0.45 per 100 m²). Densities were statistically similar among habitats. Otolith-based estimates of age indicated that the majority of southern flounder collected were 35–45 days old and derived from early December to early January hatch-dates. Growth rates were similar among bays and among habitats, with the average growth rate being 0.40 mm day^− 1 (range: 0.21–0.76 mm day^− 1). RNA:DNA was above the established baseline value for nutritional stress, indicating that newly settled southern flounder in the GBE were in relatively high condition. Habitat-specific differences in RNA:DNA ratios were not observed; however, ratios were significantly lower in West Bay (average 8.0) than in East Bay (average 9.5) or in Galveston Bay (average 9.8), suggesting the condition of new recruits may vary spatially within the GBE. Findings from the current study suggest density and condition of newly settled southern flounder vary at the bay scale, suggesting that parts of GBE do not function equally as nurseries.     

Annual and spatial variation in the abundance length and condition of juvenile turbot (Psetta maxima L.) on nursery grounds on the west coast of Ireland: 2000–2007

Turbot (Psetta maxima Linnaeus) is a high value commercially exploited marine flatfish which occurs in European waters, from the Northeast Atlantic to the Arctic Circle, the Baltic and Mediterranean Sea. In Ireland, turbot are the most valuable commercial non-quota species. Very little is known about their population dynamics in the wild, in particular during the sandy beach nursery phase of the life history. In 2000, a survey was established to assess flatfish species on nursery grounds on the west coast of Ireland. Eleven sandy beaches were assessed for 0+ turbot by beach seining, over an eight year period (2000–2007) during the months of August and September. The objective of the study was to estimate juvenile turbot abundance and size structure to determine if any spatial and annual trends existed. Large scale variability in the recruitment of fish to nursery grounds may be indicative of fluctuations in the adult stock. Turbot were found to recruit to five beaches consistently over the eight year period. Temporal and spatial variability in the relative abundance and length of turbot was discerned, with no apparent overall trend. However, certain nursery grounds were shown in most of the years examined to support higher abundances of turbot in comparison to other areas over the eight year period. Turbot abundances on nursery grounds were significantly correlated with mean spring sea temperatures during the pelagic stage. The condition of turbot did not significantly differ on an annual or spatial scale. Mean densities of 0+ turbot along the Irish coast were found to be similar and at times higher than other areas in Europe, ranging from 0.1 (± 0.3) individuals 1000 m^− 2 to 18.5 (± 6.9) individuals 1000 m^− 2. Mean turbot total length on beaches ranged from 3.8 cm (± 0.6) to 6.6 cm (± 4.3). The observed spatial and temporal variability in abundance and length highlights the need for long-term studies when assessing juvenile flatfish populations. Results from the present study have provided much needed baseline data on wild juvenile turbot populations which is severely lacking for this species both on an Irish and on a European scale.     

Benthic macroinvertebrate field sampling effort required to produce a sample adequate for the assessment of rivers and streams of Neuquén Province,Argentina

This multi-year pilot study evaluated a proposed field method for its effectiveness in the collection of a benthic macroinvertebrate sample adequate for use in the condition assessment of streams and rivers in the Neuquén Province, Argentina. A total of 13 sites, distributed across three rivers, were sampled. At each site, benthic macroinvertebrates were collected at 11 transects. Each sample was processed independently in the field and laboratory. Based on a literature review and resource considerations, the collection of 300 organisms (minimum) at each site was determined to be necessary to support a robust condition assessment, and therefore, selected as the criterion for judging the adequacy of the method. This targeted number of organisms was collected at all sites, at a minimum, when collections from all 11 transects were combined. Subsequent bootstrapping analysis of data was used to estimate whether collecting at fewer transects would reach the minimum target number of organisms for all sites. In a subset of sites, the total number of organisms frequently fell below the target when fewer than 11 transects collections were combined.Site conditions where <300 organisms might be collected are discussed. These preliminary results suggest that the proposed field method results in a sample that is adequate for robust condition assessment of the rivers and streams of interest. When data become available from a broader range of sites, the adequacy of the field method should be reassessed.     

CINRAD/CD 新一代天气雷达配电监控系统一次 故障分析处理

CINRAD/CD天气雷达在体扫过程中出现系统状态报警,雷达系统掉高压,且实时处理监控和采集软件、实时控制显示终端软件的遥控开关机功能均失效。在深入理解雷达监控系统工作原理的基础上,对雷达监控系统的工作过程进行了分析与梳理,再对相关重要器件进行检测和替换排查,最后确定了此次故障的源头器件,即配电监控组件的部分器件出现功能性损坏,导致连接整机监控通讯接口的RS485接口芯片功能异常。     

Microplastic contamination in lacustrine sediments in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: Current status and transfer mechanisms

This paper aims to investigate the present situation and transfer mechanisms of microplastics in lacustrine sediments in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The study surveyed the average abundance of microplastics in sediments. The abundance of microplastics in sediments of lakes from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is 17.22–2643.65 items/kg DW and 0–60.63 items/kg DW based on the data of the Qinghai Lake and the Siying Co Basin. The microplastic abundance in sediments from small and medium lakes is very high compared to that in other areas in the world. Like microplastics in other lakes of the world, those in the lakes in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau mainly include organic polymers PA, PET, PE, and PP and are primarily in the shape of fibers and fragments. The microplastic pollution of lacustrine sediments in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is affected by natural changes and by human activities, and the concentration of microplastics in lacustrine ecosystems gradually increases through food chains. Furthermore, the paper suggests the relevant administrative departments of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau strengthen waste management while developing tourism and pay much attention to the impacts of microplastics in water environments. This study provides a reference for preventing and controlling microplastic contamination in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.©2022 China Geology Editorial Office.     

基于Modflow的地下水降落漏斗发展预测及防治对策——以东营市广饶地区为例

以工作区水文地质条件为基础,基于Modflow建立水文地质数学概念模型。通过模型对工作区地下水降落漏斗的发展进行预测,得出5年后地下水流场总体形态基本没有大变化,地下水集中开采水源地水位普遍降低,降落漏斗范围进一步扩大,等水位线降低4~10 m,地下水处于超采状态,并针对此情况提出切实可行的防治对策。