基于活塞-指数混合模型的地下水可更新性研究

在分析研究区域水文地质条件的基础上,论述活塞-指数模型的适用条件,同时利用环境同位素氚的特征,将氚作为地下水系统输入和输出讯息.研究结果表明:活塞-指数模型适用于该区,计算得该区地下水滞留时间为36年,且相对传统方法具有方便、及时、可靠等特征.     

FeatureStation_GeoEX在地理国情监测中的应用

目前,我国处于地理国情监测的试点普查阶段,还没有形成较为完善、统一的方法体系。本文首先介绍了地理国情监测的内容和要求,然后阐述了在地理国情监测中利用FeatureStation软件对地理国情基本要素进行提取和地表覆盖解译分类的方法及流程。     

山东省苍山县土山铁矿矿床水文地质特征

苍山县土山地区赋存沉积变质型铁矿,是以裂隙岩溶为主的水文地质条件中等的充水矿床。该文详细论述了土山铁矿床的水文地质特征,划分了矿床主要含水岩组,对其充水条件进行了分析。确定水文地质单元边界条件模型,采用水平坑道涌水量计算公式对坑道各水平涌水量预测。为铁矿设计和开采提供了较为详尽的技术资料。     

北京西山黑龙关泉域岩溶水系统边界与水文地质性质

北方岩溶水系统具有固定补给范围和资源要素,是岩溶地下水进行独立循环的基本单元,控制了岩溶水的运移富集、水化学演化特征、资源构成以及环境地质问题。开展岩溶水系统研究的首要任务是确定系统边界位置及其水文地质性质。以北京西山黑龙关泉域岩溶水系统为研究对象,采用地质学、岩溶动力学、流体动力学、水文地球化学、地球物理勘探等方法,确定黑龙关泉域岩溶水系统是由南部大石河背斜岩溶水子系统和北部百花山向斜南翼岩溶水子系统2个次级系统组成;其含水岩层分别为蓟县系铁岭组、雾迷山组和青白口系景儿峪组、奥陶系、寒武系碳酸盐岩。根据边界的水文地质性质可以划分为地表分水岭边界、地下分水岭边界、隔水边界、岩溶含水层深埋滞流性边界等类型。     

基于WellTester的岩溶含水层水文地质参数估算

Well Tester是计算地热含水层水文地质参数的软件,该软件通过对水压力过程曲线进行拟合,进行参数计算。该软件界面友好、操作简单,且具有输出单井报告功能。文章对Well Tester软件各模块及各界进行简要介绍的基础上,以＂北京岩溶水资源勘查评价工程＂中新建岩溶水井为例,对各个操作步骤进行了介绍。通过对比分析Well Tester软件与经验法的结果,表明该软件可对岩溶裂隙含水层的水文地质参数进行计算,且该软件对成井质量评价有一定指导意义。目前该软件还未广泛应用于岩溶裂隙含水层,为获取较多的水文地质参数,笔者认为该软件在我国具有一定的推广价值。     

CONDITION NUMBERS, ITERATIVE REFINEMENT AND ERROR BOUNDS

Concentration estimates of components present in a sample mixture can be obtained using matrixmathematics. In the past, the condition number of the calibration matrix has been used to give anamplification factor by which uncertainties in data can work through to errors in the concentrationestimates. This paper explores an additional interpretation of condition numbers with regards tosignificant figures and rounding errors. A procedure is suggested which will always give the most accurateconcentration estimates provided the calibration matrix is not too ill-conditioned. Condition numbershave also been used by analytical chemists to discuss the error bounds for concentration estimates.Unfortunately, only one representative error bound can be approximated for all the components. Thispaper will show how to compute bounds for individual concentration estimates obtained as solutions to asystem of m equations and n unknowns. The procedure is appropriate when calibration data and sampleresponses are inaccurate.     

Expansion of landscape characterisation methods within the Hydrogeological Landscape Framework: application in the Australian Capital Territory

The Hydrogeological Landscape (HGL) Framework is a landscape-characterisation tool that is used to discern areas of similar physical, hydrogeological, hydrological, chemical and biological properties, referred to as HGL Units. The HGL Framework facilitates prioritisation of natural-resource management investment by identifying current and potential hazards in the landscape. Within prioritised regions, on-ground management actions are tailored for specific Management Areas within individual HGL Units. The HGL Unit boundaries are determined through expert interpretation of spatial and field based datasets, such as climate, landform, geology, regolith, soil, stream network, groundwater flow systems, water quality and vegetation assemblages. The resulting HGL Units are validated by an interdisciplinary team using field assessment and biophysical testing. The use of the HGL Framework for new applications creates opportunities for refinement of the existing methodology and products for end users. This paper uses an application in the Australian Capital Territory as a case study to illustrate two enhanced techniques for the landscape characterisation component of the HGL Framework: use of an unsupervised statistical learning algorithm, Self-Organising Maps (SOM), to further validate HGL Units; and landform modelling to assist in delineation of Management Areas. The combined use of SOM and landform modelling techniques provides statistical support to the existing expert and field-based techniques, ensuring greater rigour and confidence in determination of landscape patterns. This creates a more refined HGL Framework landscape-characterisation tool, facilitating more precise hazard assessment and strategic natural-resource management by end users.     

云南建水荒田铅锌矿控矿因素

已探明7个铅锌矿体,赋存在上二叠统玄武岩／下二叠统灰岩接触带,接触带角砾岩为容矿岩石,且强烈重晶石化蚀变,可作为找矿标志。     

哀牢山工程地质问题及对策

哀牢山地区工程地质及水文地质条件十分复杂:构造运动、斜坡地形、水文地质条件、地层岩性及高地热异常、高地应力的作用等"两高"、"四复杂",使哀牢山地区的工程地质条件十分困难。对工程方案及工程措施提出改进建议,确保穿越哀牢山区铁路等线状工程方案合理、措施得当。     

Large-scale GIS-based hydrogeological modeling of Flanders: a tool for groundwater management

For the implementation of the European Union Water Framework Directive (WFD), technological and scientific support are required. This paper presents a methodology to support a first step of the implementation of WFD, which is the delineation of groundwater bodies. The methodology consists of (1) the development of a complete and generally-accepted hydrogeological classification system for Flanders, named the HCOV code, (2) the development of a geographic information systems (GIS)-managed borehole database, and (3) the development of aquifer and aquitard models by means of a solid modeling approach. For each unit of the hydrogeological classification code for Flanders unit, GIS maps are generated for the three basic characteristics of hydrogeological layers: extent, base level and thickness, such that combined, the volume and extent of a hydrogeological layer is unambiguously defined. This GIS-based hydrogeological database has become a useful tool for groundwater management purposes and to provide the input for groundwater modeling.