Sr原子电磁感应透明效应相关理论研究

从理论上研究了Sr原子系统中电磁感应透明（EIT）效应及其伴随的Kerr非线性效应。计算表明,将一级冷却得到的Sr冷原子粘团作为光场与原子相互作用的EIT介质,用较弱的耦合光可以得到一个非常窄的EIT窗口和较强的Kerr非线性效应。该研究结果为实现689nm激光器的线宽压窄及应用EIT效应进行。Sr玻色子冷原子光钟研究提供了理论参考。     

未来能源──氢及其制取工艺

叙述了氢及其同位素的性质，提出了几种制氢的方案，并通过电解水制氢和在切割上代替氧（乙炔的应用取得的成果，为氢取代矿物燃料而走进家庭的研究打下基础。氢可储存，氢也可在交通上作为燃料，并且没有污染，是未来的重要能源之一。     

Origin,discovery, exploration and development status and prospect of global natural hydrogen under the background of “carbon neutrality”

Global energy structure is experiencing the third transition from fossil energy to non-fossil energy, to solve future energy problems, cope with climate change, and achieve net-zero emissions targets by 2050. Hydrogen is considered to be the most potential clean energy in this century under the background of carbon neutrality. At present, the industrial methods for producing hydrogen are mainly by steam-hydrocarbon (such as coal and natural gas) reforming and by electrolysis of water, while the exploration and development of natural hydrogen had just started. According to this literature review: (1) Natural hydrogen can be divided into three categories, including free hydrogen, hydrogen in inclusions and dissolved hydrogen; (2) natural hydrogen could be mainly from abiotic origins such as by deep-seated hydrogen generation, water-rock reaction or water radiolysis; (3) natural hydrogen is widely distributed and presents great potential, and the potential natural hydrogen sources excluding deep source of hydrogen is about (254±91)×10⁹ m³/a according to a latest estimate; (4) at present, natural hydrogen has been mined in Mali, and the exploration and development of natural hydrogen has also been carried out in Australia, Brazil, the United States and some European countries, to find many favorable areas and test some technical methods for natural hydrogen exploration. Natural hydrogen is expected to be an important part of hydrogen energy production in the future energy pattern. Based on a thorough literature review, this study introduced the origin, classification, and global discovery of natural hydrogen, as well as summarized the current global status and discussed the possibility of natural hydrogen exploration and development, aiming to provide reference for the future natural hydrogen exploration and development.©2022 China Geology Editorial Office.     

固态热释法测定土壤中的痕量汞

根据汞的热不稳定性,采用热释法测定土壤中的汞,以NaOH和Na2O2为化学吸附剂,直接取样进行测定。方法快速、简便,检出限≤4.0ng/g。经国家一级标准物质分析验证,结果与标准值相符,20次测定的RSD均小于3%。     

Normalization and the detection of integrability: The generalized Van Der Waals potential

Deprit and Miller have conjectured that normalization of integrable Hamiltonians may produce normal forms exhibiting degenerate equilibria to very high order. Several examples in the class of coupled elliptic oscillators are known. In order to test the utility of normalization as a detector of integrability we normalize, to high order, a perturbed Keplerian system known to have several integrable limits; the generalized van der Waals Hamiltonian for a hydrogen atom. While the separable limits give rise to high order degeneracy we find a non-separable, integrable limit for which the normal form does not exhibit degeneracy. We conclude that normalization may, in certain cases, indicate integrability but is not guaranteed to uncover all integrable limits.     

小型氢原子钟监控系统的研制

该文介绍了目前上海天文台正在研制的小型氢原子钟的监控系统。它可监控氢钟的工作情况，实现氢钟的自动启闭、参数自动检测、自动报警，可控制综合器的频率变化、微波腔温度、氢离子流的大小。     

Geochemistry of Flooded Underground Mine Workings Influenced by Bacterial Sulfate Reduction

Unlike the majority of the water in the flooded mine complex of Butte Montana, which includes the highly acidic Berkeley pit lake, groundwater in the flooded West Camp underground mine workings has a circum-neutral pH and contains at least 8 μM aqueous sulfide. This article examines the geochemistry and stable isotope composition of this unusual H₂S-rich mine water, and also discusses problems related to the colorimetric analysis of sulfide in waters that contain FeS_(aq) cluster compounds. The West Camp mine pool is maintained at a constant elevation by continuous pumping, with discharge water that contains elevated Mn (90 μM), Fe (16 μM), and As (1.3 μM) but otherwise low metal concentrations. Dissolved inorganic carbon in the mine water is in chemical and isotopic equilibrium with rhodochrosite in the mineralized veins. The mine water is under-saturated with mackinawite and amorphous FeS, but is supersaturated with Cu- and Zn-sulfides. However, voltammetry studies show that much of the dissolved sulfide and ferrous iron are present as FeS_(aq) cluster molecules: as a result, the free concentration of the West Camp water is poorly constrained. Concentrations of dissolved sulfide determined by colorimetry were lower than gravimetric assays obtained by AgNO₃ addition, implying that the FeS_(aq) clusters are not completely extracted by the Methylene Blue reagent. In contrast, the clusters are quantitatively extracted as Ag₂S after addition of AgNO₃. Isotopic analysis of co-existing aqueous sulfide and sulfate confirms that the sulfide was produced by sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). The H₂S-rich mine water is not confined to the immediate vicinity of the extraction well, but is also present in flooded mine shafts up to 3 km away, and in samples bailed from mine shafts at depths up to 300 m below static water level. This illustrates that SRB are well established throughout the southwestern portion of the extensive (>15 km³) Butte flooded mine complex.     

Subterranean microorganisms and radioactive waste disposal in Sweden

In 1987, microbiology became a part of the Swedish scientific program for the safe disposal of high level nuclear waste (HLW). The goal of the microbiology program is to understand how subterranean microorganisms will interact with the performance of a future HLW repository. The Swedish research program on subterranean microbiology has mainly been performed at two sites in granitic rock aquifers at depths ranging from 70 m down to 1240 m, the Stripa research mine in the middle of Sweden and the Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory (HRL) situated on the south eastern coast of Sweden. Some work has also been performed in cooperation with other national or international research groups in Sweden, Canada and at the natural analogue sites Oklo in Gabon and Maqarin in Jordan. The following conclusions are drawn. There is a very high probability of the existence of a deep subterranean biosphere in granitic rock. The documented presence of a deep biosphere implies that relevant microbial reactions should be included in the performance assessment for a HLW repository. A HLW repository will be situated in a subterranean biosphere that is independent of solar energy and photosynthetically produced organic carbon. The ultimate limitation for an active microbial life will be the availability of hydrogen as energy source over time, and hydrogen has indeed been found in most deep groundwaters. Sulphide producing microorganisms are active in environments typical for a Swedish HLW repository, and the potential for microbial corrosion of the copper canisters must be considered. The bentonite buffer around the copper canisters will be a hostile environment for most microbes due to the combination of radiation, heat and low water availability. Discrete microbial species can cope with each of these constraints, and it is theoretically possible that sulphide producing microbes may be active inside a buffer, although the experiments conducted thus far have shown the opposite. Microorganisms have the capability to enzymatically recombine radiolysis oxidants formed by radiation of water. It has earlier been concluded that the migration of radionuclides due to sorption on microorganisms can be neglected. The influence of microbially produced complexing agents remains to be studied at realistic conditions in deep groundwater. Microorganisms have been found in natural alkaline groundwaters, but it could not be conclusively demonstrated that they were in situ viable and growing, rather than just transported there from neutral groundwater. A possible hypothesis based on the obtained results from investigations of natural alkaline groundwaters is that fresh concrete may be a bit too extreme for active life even for the most adaptable microbe – but this remains to be demonstrated.     

Intercalation of kaolinite with acetamide

Upon intercalation of both ordered (low defect) and disordered (high defect) kaolinites with acetamide, two types of interaction are observed. Firstly, hydrogen bonding between the NH₂ groups of the acetamide with the siloxane oxygens is formed, as evidenced by the formation of two new bands at 3400 and 3509 cm^–1. Secondly, the appearance of additional bands at ∼3600 cm^–1 in both the infrared and Raman spectra of the acetamide intercalates is attributed to a second type of hydrogen bonding by the interaction of the C=O group and the inner surface hydroxyls. Changes in the intensity of the hydroxyl deformation modes in the 895 to 940 cm^–1 region are attributed to the changes in the hydrogen bonding of the kaolinite surfaces. It is proposed that the hydrogen bonding between the adjacent kaolinite layers is replaced with hydrogen bonding between both kaolinite surfaces and the acetamide molecule. Changes in the molecular structure of acetamide are observed upon intercalation. The amide 1 band is lost and replaced with a well-defined NH₂ deformation vibration. The loss of the amide 1 band is attributed the hydrogen bond formation between the amide hydrogens and the siloxane surface. The bands of the C=O group at 1680 and 1740 cm^–1 become a single band at 1680 cm^–1. The amide 2 band remains unchanged. The lack of intensity of the 1740 cm^–1 band is attributed to the formation of hydrogen bonding between the inner surface hydroxyl groups and the carbonyl group. Received: 4 February 1998/ Revised, accepted: 30 June 1998     

通过断层气氢探测新郑-太康断裂的浅层位置

新郑-太康断裂隐伏于河南省东部平原下,是一条规模较大的北西向断裂带,曾于2010年发生太康4.7级地震,确定该断裂准确的浅层位置对防震减灾具有重要意义。根据深部石油勘探资料,应用德尔格X-am 7000型多气体检测仪,在新郑地区布置2条与断裂走向近垂直的地球化学测线进行土壤氢气浓度测试,结果发现解放路和马庄村-前宫村测线异常点位处氢气浓度分别为背景值的16-33倍和40-50倍。2条H₂浓度曲线同步解释出一条倾向变化、宽约150m的走滑断裂带,位置与石油勘探资料吻合良好。此次研究表明利用断层气氢探测隐伏断裂的浅层位置在该区具有较好的可行性。