台湾海峡地质构造特征

台湾海峡及其邻区构造可分为３个一级构造单元，即闵浙中生代隆起区、台湾峡新生代坳陷区和台湾新生代岛弧褶断区。其中台湾海峡新生代坳陷区由海峡的主体和台湾西部兵陵平原区组成，它的东、西边界分别是台湾屈尺－老浓断裂带和粤滨外深断裂带。本文在以往海峡西岸东南海海长东－南澳断裂带研究基础上，对近年来台湾海峡、特别是海峡新生代坳陷区各次一级构造单元的深部地质结构，海底地形地貌、沉积特征、断裂构造、火成岩分布和地     

1991年冬季菲律宾以东海流特征和盐度结构

本文根据１９９１年１１月１５日～１２月２０日中国世界大洋环流实验（简称ＣＷＯＣＥ）首航ＡＤＣＰ测流资料并结合日本气象厅的ＡＣＭ次表层测流资料（１９９２年１月２０日～２月１５日），描述了菲律宾以东的海流特征。同时应用该航次ＣＴＰ资料计算了各观测断面的地转流流量，并用盐度跟踪讨论了北赤道逆流（ＮＥＣＣ）、黑潮和棉兰老海流的水源。计算和分析表明，本航次期间有３个强流区，即黑潮源头区、棉兰老沿岸区和北赤道逆流区。此外，本航次本区海流特征与１９８６／１９８７ＥＮＳＯ事件同期的海流特征基本相同。     

Faroe Bank Channel overflow 1995–2005

The Faroe Bank Channel (FBC) is the deepest passage across the Greenland–Scotland Ridge and there is continuous overflow of dense water through the channel, which provides a substantial contribution to the global thermohaline circulation. Since November 1995, Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (ADCPs) have been moored at the sill of the channel continuously, except for short annual servicing periods. In addition to this, CTD sections have regularly been occupied across the channel and instruments, recording temperature and salinity, have been moored for short periods. These observations demonstrate that the channel, due to its small width, can be monitored fairly well with only one ADCP mooring and they allow the generation of a time-series of overflow volume flux for the 1995–2005 period. The kinematic overflow flux, defined solely from the velocity field, was found to have an average value of 2.1 ± 0.2 Sv with a seasonal and with inter-annual variations of approximately 10% amplitude, but with no discernible trend for the whole period. The average flux of water with potential density exceeding 27.8 kg m⁻³ was found to be 1.9 ± 0.3 Sv with average properties: θ = 0.25 °C, S = 34.93, γ_θ = 28.01 kg m⁻³ for this period. No evidence was found for a weakening overflow flux, but the salinity of the FBC-overflow, especially the warmer parts, has increased substantially during the period, which implies an increased average density on the order of 0.01 kg m⁻³. Previous observations of a helical cross-channel circulation are confirmed and may explain the thin pycnocline layer, but shear-instability induces intensive mixing that puts a lower limit on the layer thickness. Critical control at one point of the sill cross-section, rather than friction, seems to govern the overflow dynamics and simple layered models can explain much of the observed features as well as the seasonal variation, but potential vorticity, as defined for a single overflow layer, is not conserved. A previously suggested 1950–2000 weakening of the FBC-overflow, which was partly based on a subset of the data presented here, is not supported by the full dataset.     

黄河口拦门沙与盐水楔特征及其演变

黄河口存在一个成型堆积法，称拦门沙。多次实测结果，其长度约３－７ｋｍ同蛋白质水平宽度与河宽相同，横亘于黄河尾闾与海水相连接处。随着河口延伸，拦门沙也向海推移，淤积最多的 部位是前绝急坡区。     

On hydraulic falls of single-layer flow

Ｏｎｈｙｄｒａｕｌｉｃｆａｌｌｓｏｆｓｉｎｇｌｅ－ｌａｙｅｒｆｌｏｗ￥ＸｕＺｈａｏｔｉｎｇ；ＴｉａｎＪｉｗｅｉ；ＬｏｕＳｈｕｎｌｉａｎｄＳａｍｕｅｌＳｈａｎｐｎＳｈｅｎ（ＲｅｃｅｉｖｅｄＭａｒｃｈ２１，１９９５；ａｃｃｅｐｔｅｄＪｕｌｙ１０，１９９５...     

胡安·德·富卡洋中脊(Juan de Fuca Ridge)上拉斑玄武岩的研究

该岩样系太平洋东北部胡安·德·富卡洋中脊上底拖所取得的岩石样品,其表面具有黑色玻璃质,由表面向下逐渐过渡为晶质。 对该岩样的化学成分做了较全面的(化学、X光、红外光谱、电镜等)分析。其化学成分虽与大洋拉斑玄武岩的平均值相近似,但Ca、Mg略高于大洋拉斑玄武岩的平均值;而Si,K含量又稍低于大洋拉斑玄武岩。表明该岩石系地幔岩浆分异早期溢出而成的。其主要矿物成分是拉长石和普通辉石,其中拉长石占斑晶的70—80％左右。 镜下研究表明该岩石从顶面到底部可被划分成若干层次,并具有气孔的存在,表明该岩石系水下溢出而生成的。 电子探针分析发现Cu、Co、Ni三元素在冷却玻璃质部份的含量较结晶主体部份的含量为高,而Rb、Sr、Cs三元素在岩石冷却边部份与结晶主体中的含量上没有什么显著的差别。 根据扫描电镜和电子探针的微区元素分析研究,结晶表明铁镁硅酸盐先结晶,随后结晶的为基性斜长石。     

山东半岛海滩岩的特征及意义

山东半岛的古海滩岩是迄今所知我国古海滩岩分布的北界。本文着重阐述了山东半岛古海滩岩的分布、沉积特征，并对其成因和时代问题进行了讨论。     

LAGFD-Ⅱ区域性海浪数值模式及其应用Ⅰ.海浪数值模式

给出了LAGFD-Ⅱ区域性海浪数值模式,详细地导出了波数空间中的复杂特征线方程。在模式中除了含有一般的各项源函数项之外,我们还给出了波、流相互作用源函数,并对非线性相互作用源函数作了一种简化处理,模式的数值计算取得了令人满意的结果。     

Influence of host lithofacies on fault rock variation in carbonate fault zones: A case study from the Island of Malta

Relatively few studies have examined fault rock microstructures in carbonates. Understanding fault core production helps predict the hydraulic behaviour of faults and the potential for reservoir compartmentalisation. Normal faults on Malta, ranging from <1 m to 90 m displacement, cut two carbonate lithofacies, micrite-dominated and grain-dominated carbonates, allowing the investigation of fault rock evolution with increasing displacement in differing lithofacies. Lithological heterogeneity leads to a variety of deformation mechanisms. Nine different fault rock types have been identified, with a range of deformation microstructures along an individual slip surface. The deformation style, and hence type of fault rock produced, is a function of host rock texture, specifically grain size and sorting, porosity and uniaxial compressive strength. Homogeneously fine-grained micrtie-dominated carbonates are characterised by dispersed deformation with large fracture networks that develop into breccias. Alternatively, this lithofacies is commonly recrystallised. In contrast, in the coarse-grained, heterogeneous grain-dominated carbonates the development of faulting is characterised by localised deformation, creating protocataclasite and cataclasite fault rocks. Cementation also occurs within some grain-dominated carbonates close to and on slip surfaces. Fault rock variation is a function of displacement as well as juxtaposed lithofacies. An increase in fault rock variability is observed at higher displacements, potentially creating a more transmissible fault, which opposes what may be expected in siliciclastic and crystalline faults. Significant heterogeneity in the fault rock types formed is likely to create variable permeability along fault-strike, potentially allowing across-fault fluid flow. However, areas with homogeneous fault rocks may generate barriers to fluid flow.     

Estimation of the hydraulic conductivity of soils improved with vertical drains

In this study, some limitations associated with modeling the hydraulic conductivity of soil improved with vertical drains are discussed. In addition, some limitations of conventional methodologies for deducing the hydraulic conductivity from oedometer or Rowe cell tests are investigated. An alternative approach for estimating the hydraulic conductivity in soils improved by vertical drains is discussed. This methodology will allow for simpler finite element modeling of consolidation due to vertical drains. The effectiveness of this technique has been demonstrated using a field study.