Tube-forming polychaetes enhance invertebrate diversity and abundance in sandy sediments of Mozambique,Africa

In marine soft-bottom systems, polychaetes can increase habitat complexity by constructing rigid tubes (e.g. several onuphid species) that contrast with surrounding topographically flat sediments. These structures can provide predation refuges and increase larval settlement and thereby increase the richness and abundance of fauna. We collected invertebrate samples from an intertidal flat with low onuphid tube density (2.7 m^–2) in Mozambique and document that more organisms (70 times higher mollusc abundances) and more species (15 times more mollusc species) were found associated with solitary tubes of an onuphid polychaete compared with surrounding sand habitats. These results are in agreement with tube versus sand comparisons from soft-bottom systems in the North Atlantic where polychaete tube densities are often much higher.     

Dugong abundance and distribution in the Bazaruto Archipelago,Mozambique

Despite the distribution of dugongs Dugong dugon ranging across nearshore waters of the tropical and subtropical regions of the Indian Ocean and western Pacific Ocean, their distribution in the western Indian Ocean is highly fragmented and appears to be declining. The population of the Bazaruto Archipelago is believed to comprise the only viable population in the region. In all, 27 surveys were flown over the Bazaruto Bay area to define the distribution and estimate the abundance of the species in the area. A total of 9 052 nautical miles of survey effort was flown during the surveys, from which there were 355 sightings of 760 dugongs. Two core areas of distribution were apparent within the surveyed area; a northern core area spread within the 10 m isobath between the Save River mouth and Ponta Bartolomeu Dias (21°24′S), and a southern core area aligned with the shallow sandbanks to the north and south of Santa Carolina Island. Group sizes recorded in the Bazaruto Archipelago were comparable to group sizes recorded in other regions where dugongs occur, although few large (>20) groups of dugongs were seen in this study. Line transect analyses of each survey showed dugong densities were considerably lower than densities recorded in surveys in Australian waters or in the Arabian Gulf, with a population estimate of 247 dugongs (CV = 34.1) when all surveys were considered, and 359 dugongs (CV = 38.2) when only the surveys that were carried out under adequate sighting conditions were included.     

粘质沙雷氏菌(Serratia marcescens)发酵培养基优化的研究

采用单因素试验和正交试验,对从山东东营海岸湿地盐碱滩地土壤中筛选出的一株海洋菌种———粘质沙雷氏菌(Serratia marcescens)的发酵培养基进行优化,并进行100 L发酵罐中试放大试验的研究。确定粘质沙雷氏菌的最佳培养基配方为葡萄糖10 g/L,硫酸铵5 g/L,麸皮50 g/L,柠檬酸三钠1.0 g/L,K2HPO4.3H2O 0.3 g/L,FeSO4.7H2O 0.05 g/L,MgSO4.7H2O 0.5 g/L,pH 7.2~7.7。发酵最适温度为30℃。通过测定粘质沙雷氏菌在发酵罐中培养的生长曲线,确定发酵时间以28~30 h为宜,发酵结束后发酵液中的活菌数约为50×108个/mL。将所筛选到的粘质沙雷氏菌应用于农作物的病害防治,效果非常显著,表明是一株高活性的生物防治拮抗菌。此研究结果为高效率、低成本和工业化生产具有生物防治作用的海洋菌种制剂提供了科学依据,也为海岸湿地盐碱土的可持续开发利用提供了技术支撑。     

日本海环流研究综述

日本海作为东北亚地区最大的边缘海,是西北太平洋上的重要海区。由于特殊的地理位置和复杂的地形,使得日本海的环流结构呈现独有特征,如日本海内的亚极地锋现象,复杂多变的涡旋,北部形成的深水团等。概述了日本海环流状况,着重介绍了对马海峡、郁陵海盆环流情形和日本海特征水团;总结了目前仍存在的争议问题,如对马暖流源头、对马暖流空间结构等;指出了目前日本海尚待解决的科学问题,如对马暖流流量的长期变化及其原因、东韩暖流消失现象及其机制、日本海特征水的传播路径及其影响因素、日本海的某些变化产生原因及其与全球变化的响应等。     

浅水波长计算问题

浅水波周期保持常值,而波长缩减时其计算需进行迭代。提出了两个精度较高的经验公式供计算应用。水深波长比差值ΔLD0的变化规律反映出浅水波长缩减为一复杂过程,并与波能密度加大相关。LD0≤0.14时,特别是LD0=0.056前后,其特征会更加显著,由此可探讨波长变化的内在机理。     

The genus Pseudo-nitzschia (Bacillariophyceae) in New Zealand: analysis of the last decade's monitoring data

The diatom genus Pseudo-nitzschia blooms throughout New Zealand's coastal waters. More than a decade of monitoring data were analysed in this study and seasonality was a significant factor in the appearance of Pseudo-nitzschia blooms. Austral spring and summer were the main bloom periods, although there were regional differences. Between January 2000 and August 2011, 8.4% of 29,000 seawater samples analysed for Pseudo-nitzschia exceeded the voluntary trigger level for biotoxin testing (10×10⁴ cells l^?1), and these were analysed by fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH) assays. Pseudo-nitzschia fraudulenta and P. pseudodelicatissima (low domoic acid [DA] producers) were the dominant bloom formers throughout New Zealand (each contributing 25%) followed by the highly toxic P. australis (10%). Shellfish flesh testing for DA was triggered on 8477 occasions between 2000 and 2011, but no samples exceeded the regulatory limit (20 mg/kg); the maximum concentration was 13 mg/kg (Marlborough Sounds, mid-winter 2010).     

基于数值模拟的渤海海域地震海啸危险性定量化研究

根据地震海啸产生的条件,结合渤海海域的地形特征、地质构造、地震学特征和历史地震及海啸记录对渤海海域潜在的地震海啸进行了数值模拟研究。分析了渤海可能引发地震海啸的震源区域,讨论了渤海发生海啸灾害的可能性。文中通过数值模拟再现了渤海历史上几次规模较大的地震事件可能引发的海啸情景,研究分析了可能的地震海啸在渤海及周边海域的传播过程及波动特征.地震海啸传播模型采用基于四叉树原理的自适应网格加密技术,有效解决了局部分辨率与计算效率之间的矛盾。数值计算包括地震海啸产生及传播过程。利用该模型对渤海潜在的地震海啸进行了数值计算,基于数值计算结果定量阐述了渤海海域潜在地震海啸对渤海局部岸段及北黄海沿岸的影响,给出了渤海可能地震海啸危险性划分;研究结果将为我国海啸危险性分析和海啸预警技术研究工作提供技术支持。     

地震反演技术在辽河兴隆台地区沙三段储层预测中的应用

地震反演是储层预测三大技术系列的核心,其充分利用地震资料在横向分辨率、测井资料在纵向分辨率上的优势,对储层的空间分布特征进行合理的预测。在对辽河兴隆台地区沙三段地层特征、储层难点分析的基础上,通过地震资料品质的研究与正演分析、测井曲线标准化处理、子波提取与精细合成记录标定等前期处理工作,优选反演参数,并应用约束稀疏脉冲反演技术对沙三段进行了储层预测,精细地刻画了储层的空间展布特征,并落实和优选了2个有利圈闭,部署探井2口,为该区的井位部署及储量上报提供了地质依据。     

山东省近50年海洋气象灾害特征分析

本文通过大量的文献和资料查阅,系统的统计分析了近50a山东省沿海及责任海区海雾、风暴潮、风暴海浪、海冰等几种主要海洋气象灾害的海洋、气象及分布特征和灾害情况,进一步分析了它们的变化规律和产生原因,为海洋气象业务、服务、科研提供有益的参考。     

海浪数值模式研究回顾与进展

本文简单介绍了海浪的生成、发展理论,以及海浪数值模式的分类;回顾总结了国内外在海浪数值模式研究方面取得的成果。