Study on deepwater conductor jet excavation mechanism in cohesive soil

Conductor casing jetting technique has been increasingly applied in deepwater drilling. The insight into the jetting excavation mechanisms is critical in guiding a successful conductor casing jetting operation. The real- time continuous jet excavation process is simulated with the volume of fluid (VOF) multiphase method of CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) ANSYS Fluent calculation software in the current study. The cohesive soil is modelled by using a kind of viscous fluid with Herschel-Bulkley model. In addition, a laboratory half round nozzle jet excavation test is designed for verification by comparison of the observed jet excavation profile with the numerical results. The sensitivity parameters affecting the conductor jetting excavation mechanism in cohesive soil are thus investigated. It is found that the application of Herschel-Bulkley (HB) model for cohesive soil and the VOF method of Fluent can provide a good simulation of jet excavation process. The maximum excavation depth can be determined by the undrained ultimate bearing capacity of the circular foundation with a bearing capacity factor of 6.7. The nozzle position, jet velocity and soil strength have significantly influence on the depth and width of the jet excavation profile in conductor oblique jet.     

开挖过程及围护结构对地铁车站抗震性能的影响

为了研究开挖工序以及围护结构作为永久结构在明挖车站的抗震设计校核中的作用,基于以灌注桩作为支挡结构的郑州市某明挖结构地铁站,采用Plaxis2D建立二层单柱双跨矩形框架式有限元模型,采取硬化土本构,建立考虑分步开挖、和不考虑开挖的模型,进行有无围护墙及不同墙厚抗震验算.研究结果表明:侧墙作为主要抗侧力构件,在地震荷载作...     

Analysis of accidents in Greek shipping during the pre- and post-ISM period

In shipping, safety depends on the reliability of the technical and human components of the ship-system, although the marine environment itself may sometimes be so hostile as to give rise to accidents that are beyond technical and human control. The need for a continuous analysis of shipping accidents is dictated by the accumulated evidence for the predominance of the human factor and the ever-increasing pressure for further improvement on the safety record of shipping. In this context, the effectiveness of enforced regulations towards the promotion of safety policy in shipping is assessed and the debate and focus on this issue are maintained.     

深基坑开挖与支护的有限元模拟

采用弹塑性有限单元法对超大基坑的开挖与支护进行数值模拟,据此分析土体的位移、主应力分布、施工过程中支护结构受力,并比较基坑顶部水平位移的计算值与实测值,两者非常接近,计算结果较为理想,可为工程设计和现场施工提供理论参考和指导.     

特殊情况下深基坑围护测斜及变形浅析

结合工程实例具体阐述当测斜管不能正常使用情况下运用全站仪代替测斜仪进行深基坑围护结构的倾斜测量,同时运用岩土工程相关知识对所得监测数据表现的变形及突变原因作了深入分析,获得了预期的安全监测成果,确保了深基坑工程的顺利实施。为今后类似情况的处理提供借鉴。     

最近十年来中国地理科学的进展

最近十年来中国地理科学的最重要进展有:自然地理学与人文地理学的平衡发展,人口、资源、环境的研究,遥感的应用与地理信息系统的建立,自然地理定位观测,青藏高原隆起对自然环境的影响,城市与城市规划,中国历史地理研究等。最近,并已开始研究气候变化与海平面上升对中国的影响,使我国地理科学研究紧紧跟上世界发展的步伐。     

模拟人类活动影响气候变化的新进展

文章给出近几年国内外研究人类活动影响全球气候变化的数值模拟的新进展。     

Discontinuous behaviour near excavations in a bedded salt formation

Summary Discontinuous behaviour is being observed and measured in the vicinity of excavations constructed in a bedded salt formation 650 m below ground surface for the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) Facility. The 2 m thick salt layer in the immediate roof acts as a beam, shearing along a thin overlying anhydrite/clay seam. Vertical separations between the immediate roof layer and the overlying strata are often observed at the anhydrite/clay seam above the centre of excavations of larger span (11 m). The floor of the excavations is comprised of a 1 m thick salt layer underlain by a 1 m thick predominately anhydrite layer (referred to as MB139). Fractures in MB139 develop beneath most excavations, with increased fracture frequency with drift span and age. In the excavations of larger span (11 m), MB139 eventually debonds along the underlying clay layer. The salt layer overlying MB139 develops both shear and tension failure. In a few locations below excavations of large span, continuous fracture systems are developing from rib to rib through MB139 and the overlying salt. In the ribs, there is limited fracturing within the first metre of most larger excavations. Vertical fractures develop in pillars at most intersections. The discontinuous behaviour is qualitatively consistent with analyses of the formation behaving as a layered medium (elastic beam analysis) and limited tensile and compressive failure of the rock salt. The significance of the discontinuous behaviour is that it can dominate the effective fluid transport properties of the formation near the excavation, and therefore requires consideration in the design of repository seals. Discontinuous behaviour must be monitored and is an important factor in the maintenance programme designed to assure a safe underground environment.     

浅议我国北方地区的沙漠化问题

本文根据作者在我国沙漠地区的多年研究工作,对沙漠化的概念含义、我国沙漠化的成因和沙漠化现状等问题提出了看法。     

黄河上游某坝址平硐开挖后岩体变异时间效应规律分析

工程岩体开挖后改变了原来的赋存条件与环境，沿硐壁岩体表面卸荷由于应力的重新调整，表现在波速上升的下降，即岩体性状发生变异。随着时间的增加，变异程度加大，而变异的速率却逐年下降，文章根据黄河上游某水电工程坝址平硐壁不同时间（几个同点位）弹性波速测量结果，拟合了波速年下降率Ｄ（％）与开挖一测定时间间隔Ｎ（ａ）的函数关系。并根据这种关系进行岩体波速的反算，求得了开挖时岩体的波速值，反映其本来的性状，对一