综放工作面区段煤柱采动应力全周期时空演化分析

针对煤柱内部微裂纹萌生、变形破坏等潜在安全隐患,利用布里渊光时域反射(BOTDR)分布式光纤传感技术进行煤柱水平变形监测。首先,根据煤柱破坏碎胀特性理论分析,建立了光纤轴向应变与水平变形的转化方法;其次开展室内试验确定了金属基索状传感光纤轴向拉伸响应情况,并根据煤柱变形破坏规律修正了应变系数,最后以陕西大柳塔煤矿活鸡兔井为工程背景,对22206工作面区段煤柱水平变形实现现场监测。监测结果表明：区段煤柱采动侧和未采动侧存在明显的水平变形差异,采动侧变形量最大,约为未采动侧的5倍,但煤柱整体水平变形较小,仅出现弹性变形,煤柱较稳定;煤柱变形分区明显,呈现中部为弹性核区,两侧为塑性破坏区的分区特征;工作面从测点前20 m推进至测点后40 m时,煤柱水平应变呈指数增长,远离测点之后变形趋于稳定,反映煤柱变形与采动应力扰动之间的动态关联;通过分析煤柱水平应变与垂直应力,发现两者呈指数相关关系,定量建立了煤柱水平应变与垂直应力关系式,说明煤柱变形与破坏很大程度上取决于采动应力的分布与演化。利用BOTDR技术对区段煤柱内部变形进行监测可以精确获取区段煤柱内部的微观变形信息,对于煤柱留设尺寸确定、围岩控制及采空区压力评估等具有重要指导意义。

     

实时GPS技术在公路横断面测量中的应用探讨

本文提出了将GPS－RTK（实时动态测量）这一技术,用于横断面测量的基本思路及数据处理方法,并介绍了我院对这一技术的实际开发情况。     

Determination of Fullerenes (C_(60)/C_(70)) from the Permian-Triassic Boundary in the Meishan Section of South China

Fullerenes (C60/C70), clays and rocks near the Permian-Triassic (P/T) boundary in the Meishan section of South China are explored by means of comprehensive analytical techniques, including ultrasonic extraction with column purification, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF MS). The study confirms the existence of fullerenes toward the P/T event boundary and their absence in clays and limestones beyond the boundary. In particular, the white clay, known as the event boundary, contains fullerenes of 0.33 ppb, while the red material, as the first lamina fill of goethite and gypsum on the base of the white clay, contains fullerenes of 1.23 ppb, and the last lamina of 2.50 ppb. Significantly, distinct enrichment of fullerenes is coincident with the disappearance of fossil records of marine species (94%) just at the base of the white clay,implying that geological fullerenes would be one of temporal remnants led by the P/T catastrophic event. This work strongly supports that fullerenes would be one of significant records of the P/T catastrophic event but their origin remains to be studied further.     

二连盆地塔北凹陷西部早白垩世断—坳发育特征研究

本文通过选取二连盆地塔北凹陷西部地区3条典型地震剖面,运用2D Move软件分别对其进行平衡剖面恢复以及伸展量、伸展率的计算,分析了塔北凹陷早白垩世以来地质演化过程和构造演化特征。研究结果表明:(1)塔北凹陷整体受北西侧主干正断层的影响,形成西断东超形态的“单断式箕状”断陷湖盆,垂向上具有“下断上坳”的结构特征。(2)塔北凹陷各时期的伸展量、伸展率变化特征与构造演化历程相耦合,呈现出先增强后减弱,表明伸展作用 “由弱向强再减弱”的趋势。(3)塔北凹陷主要经历了四期构造运动:①阿尔善组沉积时期,塔北凹陷断裂初始发育,沉降受正断层活动控制,塔北凹陷初具雏形;②腾格尔组沉积时期,凹陷内部断裂持续发育,整体受断陷控制明显,伸展量和伸展率逐渐增大,并且在腾格尔组二段沉积时期达到顶峰;③赛汉组沉积时期凹陷整体受断裂影响微弱,沉积中心逐渐远离主干断层,总体表现为坳陷沉降和超覆不整合发育;④赛汉组沉积末期至今,断陷活动消亡,盆地逐渐收缩,地形趋于平缓,此后塔北凹陷一直处于抬升状态。     

细腰复杂截面高层建筑抗震性能分析

使用PMCAD软件,通过某模型工程对细腰复杂截面高层建筑结构的抗震性能进行了分析.结果显示细腰的程度越大,结构整体抗震性能越差.认为细腰平面做为组合平面的一种,在所列三项及三项以上不规则高层建筑做为其中一项进行控制,而不单独做为一项进行控制较为合理.     

Persistency of flow patterns in a water repellent sandy soil – Conclusions of TDR readings and a time-delayed double tracer experiment

On a former waste water disposal field with water repellent sandy soil under grass vegetation we analyzed the persistency of flow patterns on a 150 m × 25 m plot by (i) continuous TDR-measurements on a 2 m × 1 m transect combined with seasonal soil moisture sampling campaigns, and (ii) a time-delayed double tracer experiment on a second 3 m × 1 m transect. Here, we applied bromide under wettable soil conditions in spring and chloride under water repellent soil conditions in autumn. At the end of the tracer experiment, after a travel time of 328 days for Br and 87 days for Cl, respectively, the transect was excavated and sampled in high spatial resolution. Tracer concentration, water content, water drop penetration times (WDPT), and soil organic matter content (SOM) of each sample were analyzed in order to characterize flow patterns. The TDR readings were used to predict the effective cross section (ECS) of subsurface flow and flow shifts over the season.During summer, when ECS is low and consecutive precipitation events occur, flow paths – once created – persist over time. However, over longer times (from autumn to autumn), the spatial arrangements of the flow paths can change completely. The Cl distribution showed typical fingering structures with high concentrations in the less water repellent flow paths. In contrast, Br was found mostly in the dry, hydrophobic areas indicating that it was transported before the soil became water repellent. Consequently, the flow patterns generated in spring and early summer differ completely from those in autumn and winter because of water repellent structures established during the vegetative period. These structures could be identified using a critical water content (θ_crit) concept, considering both soil water content and SOM.As not all soil parts being active during to season, four flow categories could be identified: about 10% permanent (=stable flow paths), 45% periodic (i.e. water repellent in summer), 40% occasional (water repellent in summer and autumn), and 5% permanent water repellent.     

RIS-K2型探地雷达在广州市管线普查中的应用

探地雷达作为一种新的探测方法,在城市管线探测过程中得到了越来越广泛的应用。本文结合RIS-K2型探地雷达在广州市管线普查中的实际应用,阐明了探地雷达的工作原理和方法,并得到了一些有意义的结论。     

Effect of transect location,transect spacing and interpolation methods on river bathymetry accuracy

Digital elevation models (DEMs) of river channel bathymetries are developed by interpolating elevations between data collected at discrete points or along transects. The accuracy of interpolated bathymetries depends on measurement error, the density and distribution of point data, and the interpolation method. Whereas point measurement errors can be minimized by selecting the most efficient equipment, the effect of data density and interpolation method on river bathymetry is relatively unknown. Thus, this study focuses on transect‐based collection methods and investigates the effects of transect location, the spacing between transects, and interpolation methods on the accuracy of interpolated bathymetry. This is accomplished by comparing four control bathymetries generated from accurate and high resolution, sub‐meter scale data to bathymetries interpolated from transect data extracted from the control bathymetries using two transect locating methods and four interpolation methods. The transect locating methods are a morphologically‐spaced and an equally‐spaced model. The four interpolation methods are Ordinary Kriging, Delaunay Triangulation, and Simple Linear, which are applied in curvilinear coordinates (Delaunay Triangulation is also applied in Cartesian coordinates), and Natural Neighbor only in Cartesian Coordinates. The bathymetric data were obtained from morphologically simple and complex reaches of a large (average bankfull width = 90 m) and a small (average bankfull width = 17 m) river. The accuracy of the developed DEMs is assessed using statistical analysis of the differences between the control and interpolated bathymetries and hydraulic parameters assessed from bankfull water surface elevations. Results indicate that DEM accuracy is not influenced by the choice of transect location method (with same averaged cross‐section spacing) or a specific interpolation method, but rather by the coordinate system for which the interpolation method is applied and the spacing between transects. They also show negligible differences between the mean depths and surface areas calculated from bathymetries with dense or coarse spacing. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

活动断裂探测的高分辨率地震数据采集技术

高分辨率浅层地震勘探技术能够较准确地探测活动断层的位置、性质,并初步研究断裂的活动性。作者在夏垫断裂上采用不同激发震源、不同道间距、不同观测系统参数的探测方法,获得了多条高质量叠加时间剖面图,图中清晰地显示了从几米到几百米深度范围内的地层结构和构造特征。通过对这些叠加时间剖面的分析,获得了不同激发震源、不同道间距、不同观测系统参数时间剖面的分辨率。给出了对于不同的探测目标层埋深和精度要求所适用的探测方法和工作参数,为提高断层探测的分辨率和活动断层最新活动时代的确定精度奠定了良好的基础。     

华北蓟县中、上元古界古地磁研究

本文论述了华北蓟县中、上元古界地层标准剖面古地磁采样及实验室技术,采样地层的磁性特征,多磁成分的分析和测试结果.主要讨论了蓟县中、上元古界地层所代表的古地磁极性、极移路径和古纬度,并与北美大陆及华南(扬子)地块该时期的极移路径进行对比.