RECONSTRUCTION OF THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT DURING THE LIFE SPAN OF NANJING HOMO ERECTUS

ＴｗｏｓｋｕｌｌｓｏｆｒｅｌｉｃＨｏｍｏｅｒｅｃｔｕｓ(ＮａｎｊｉｎｇＨｏｍｏｅｒｅｃｔｕｓ)ｔｏｇｅｔｈｅｒｗｉｔｈｏｎｅｍｏｌａｒｔｅｅｔｈｏｆＨｏｍｏｅｒｅｃｔｕｓａｎｄｏｔｈｅｒ2000ｆｏｓｓｉｌｓｗｅｒｅｕｎｅａｒｔｈｅｄｉｎｔｈｅＣａｌａｂａｓｈｃａｖｅａｔｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎｐｉｅｄｍｏｎｔｏｆＴａｎｇｓｈａｎｔｏｔｈｅｗｅｓｔｏｆＴａｎｇｓｈａｎＣｏｕｎｔｙｉｎｔｈｅｓｕｂｕｒｂｓｏｆＮａｎｊｉｎｇｉｎ1993.Ｏｎｅｗａｓａｆｅｍａｌｅｓｋｕｌｌａｂｏｕｔ30ｙｅａｒｓｏｌｄ,ｔｈｅｏｔｈｅｒ…     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Homo erectus pekinensis’s</Emphasis> age and environment— with discussion on the relationship among<Emphasis Type="Italic">Homo erectos</Emphasis> from Beijing,Nanjing and Chenjiawo

This paper inspects the relationship betweenHomo erectus from Beijing, Nanjing and Chenjiawo on the viewpoint of environmental variations. Pieces of evidence show that Nanjing and ChenjiawoHomo erectus lived in glacial age at the Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage (MIS) 16, whileHomo erectus pekinensis in major interglacial age at MISs 15-13. It is also recovered that the cave deposits in Tangshan, Nanjing, and Zhoukoudian, Beijing, as well as the deposits at theHomo erectus site in Chenjiawo, have undergone some similar development process. All of them originated from early-middle Middle Pleistocene, and have gone through the test of the major glacial age at MIS 16 and the major interglacial period at the paleosol stage S₅. At the same time, they were also closely connected with some environment events, such as the uplift of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, the formation of glaciations and the loess accumulations.     

中国直立人变异的初步研究

已发现的化石表现中国直立人的分布北至39°41′N,南至25°45′N,东达118°09′E,西抵101°55′E。中更新世可供比较的重要化石有周口店、和县及汤山的头骨,周口店、陈家窝及和县的下颌骨;早更新世有公王岭和郧县曲远河口的头骨,元谋和郧县梅铺的门牙。比较的结果显示各地的化石之间有同也有异,目前还没有足够的证据表明各地点化石之间的变异足以表现那时中国的人类可以像现代和新石器时代那样划分为南、北两大人群。中国的直立人有许多形态特征与中国的化石智人一致,个别标本还有个别特征与中国大多数标本不同,却在西方有较多的出现,这些现象支持中国古人类“连续进化附带杂交”的假说。     

试论百色手斧文化由西方扩散的可能性

更新世中期是全球气候和环境变化的一个重要时期，当时气候周期转型，全球冰量增加，海平面下降，哺乳动物迁徙或灭绝，这个时代也是直立人地理大扩张和手斧文化扩散的一个重要时期，这些事件在发生时间上的统一性指示它们之间的某种联系，推测更新世中期全球性的气候转变是这次手斧文化扩散的主要驱动力，中国百色盆地发现的手斧可能是西方阿舍科技术向东渗透或扩散的结果。     

Polyculture of the lined seahorse, Hippocampus erectus Perry, 1810 with two species of macroalgae in aquaria

A two-month study was conducted to test the e?ects of macroalgae on the growth and survivorship of juvenile lined seahorse (Hippocampus erectus) in aquaria. Twenty-day old seahorses were cultured in the tanks with green alga Chaetomorpha linum, red alga Gracilaria tikvahiae, green plastic artiˉcial plant (stargrass), and black plastic net, respectively. Increases in wet mass and standard length for the seahorses were signiˉcantly higher in the tanks with macroalgae than those without macroalgae. The seahorse survivorships in the two macroalgal treatments were also signiˉcantly higher than those of the two treatments without macroalgae. In the treatments with macroalgae, the DO and pH were higher than those without marcoalgae. During the experiment, the color of seahorses was changed to certain extent. In the green background (the treatments with C. linum and stargrass), 24.1%{28.4% of black seahorses decreased over time; whereas in the black (plastic net) or brown (G. tikvahiae) background treatments, 14.1%{16.3% of yellow seahorses decreased over time, for matching that of the background. Furthermore, the survival rate of seahorse was correlation with DO and pH, and strong correlation with standard length, wet mass and CF. Polyculture with macroalgae, survival rates of seahorse were higher than without macroaglae.     

广州市创新空间格局特征及影响因素

根据5 739条创新主体兴趣点(POI)数据,利用文献查阅、核密度、空间自相关等方法,厘清广州市创新空间的发展脉络、格局特征和集聚差异,并利用"城市人"理论和"四因说"探讨了创新空间发展的影响因素.结果表明:1)广州市创新空间经历了点—面—带的进程.2)广州创新空间形成"一主多节点"的空间格局,极化与扩散趋势并存.3)...     

元谋盆地河湖相沉积物磁性地层学研究综述

元谋盆地河湖相沉积物分布广泛，沉积连续性好，富含古人类和哺乳动物化石，是进行磁极性地层学研究和探讨西南季风演化与转型、早期人类迁徙、哺乳动物扩散与交流的理想材料.本文对已有的磁性地层学研究作了较系统的总结与分析，发现造成对元谋人生活年代和盆地形成与演化过程的争议，主要是由于过去的磁性地层学研究所涉及的采样间隔太大和实验室测试条件不足等诸多因素的影响.这是未来元谋盆地研究必须注意的问题.     

直进演化抑或分支演化──中国的人类化石证据

和县、巢湖、周口店和金牛山的人类化石表明,直立人有可能延续到0．200MaB．P,智人至少可上溯到0．310MaB．P。考虑到郧县人类化石有可能是代表智人,而不是代表直立人,则智人的历史可提早到蓝田直立人的年代。直立人与智人在生存年代上的重叠,提示了人属成员的演化不是以“直进演化”的形式实现的,如果把直立人和智人看成是两个不同的种的话。     

云南呈贡龙潭山 1 号洞堆积物的铀系年龄

测定了人类化石地点云南呈贡龙潭山1号洞5个次生碳酸盐样的质谱法铀系年代。其中位于含人牙化石的II 堆积层下界面不远处的L TSY- 3石笋样质谱230 Th /234U 年龄为( 305± 15) ka; 而其余4 个样品经现场地层复核,它们与堆积均缺乏明确的叠压关系,因此认为它们很可能源自洞顶或洞壁石幔。此外,还测定了该地点5个动物化石样的230 Th /234 U 年龄,其结果为60～ 80 ka,平行测定了其中3 个样品的227 Th /230 Th 年龄,二种铀系年龄均在± 1. 5σ范围内一致,从而支持了该地点骨化石样铀系年代的可信度。在没有进一步的地层和年代证据之前,暂将60～ 80 ka 作为含人牙化石的第I I层堆积的年代应是合理的。但值得指出的是,由于骨化石中铀循环模式的不确定性,与有明确层位意义的钙板相比,洞穴地点的这类材料年代结果往往偏于年轻,因此上述年代测定结果很可能也存在偏低问题。