波场变换方程的数值计算

对瞬变电磁法 (TEM)测量数据作波场变换,可以实现TEM数据的拟地震成像解释,其中,虚拟波动场波形展宽现象是阻碍这一应用的关键问题。本文采用Tikhonov正则化算法和选取正则因子的L准则,对具有解析结果的波场变换方程进行了数值求解。数值计算表明,由于数值计算引入的展宽是虚拟波动场波形展宽的主要因素,因此,减小数值求解波场变换方程时所引入的波形展宽,应当是波场变换方程应用研究的重要问题之一。      

辽宁清原地区铜锌矿床找矿标志及找矿方向

清原太古宙花岗-绿岩地体中块状硫化物铜锌矿床具海底火山喷发作用控矿、沉积作用控矿、裂谷槽盆构造控矿、褶皱构造控矿特征.分析建立了薄层互层带、穹隆体外缘、褶皱脊线、垂向二导零值线、TEM异常及K₂O/Na₂O比值、卤族元素异常、汞异常等综合找矿标志.最后提出了探边、摸底、攻深、找盲的找矿方向.     

中主应力对砂土抗剪强度影响的分析

土的抗剪强度参数一般通过三轴压缩试验确定。而三轴压缩试验中土的应力状态是轴对称的,这往往与实际工程中土体的受力情况不相同。因此,探讨一般应力条件下与三轴应力条件下强度指标之间的相互关系是至关重要的。基于砂土的空间滑动面强度准则即SMP准则,针对不同中主应力系数,通过数值分析探讨了中主应力系数对砂土抗剪强度指标的影响。分析结果表明,中主应力对土的抗剪强度指标具有显著的影响,一般地在平面应变条件下这种影响最大。     

水分胁迫对冬小麦物质分配及 产量构成的影响

通过设置不同土壤水分条件和不同生育期受旱处理,研究土壤水分条件对冬小麦生长发育的影响。从器官水平上详细考察了水分条件对小麦物质积累、分配以及产量的影响,并建立产量和耗水量关系。在相对适宜的土壤水分条件,茎秆所占比例较小,为24%,穗部则占56%;而过度灌溉和水分亏缺条件下,茎秆所占比例较大,分别为36%和37%,穗部比例相对较小,仅为43%和48%。各种条件下均以茎秆对产量的贡献量大。相对适宜的土壤水分条件,茎秆对产量的贡献量最大,为0.308g/茎;水分亏缺条件下,叶鞘对产量贡献量较适宜土壤水分条件的叶鞘贡献量要大,分别为0.18克/茎和0.09克/茎;而过度灌溉条件下各器官对产量的贡献量均较小。根据实测产量和蒸散耗水量模拟的产量、水分利用效率与蒸散耗水量的关系可知：禹城地区在现有的肥力水平和栽培管理措施下冬小麦的理论最大产量为6240kg/hm²,蒸散耗水量为473mm,而获得最高水分利用效率的蒸散耗水量为403mm。由于该地区地下水埋深浅,地下水对冬小麦生育期需水量的补给作用明显,试验年份冬小麦拔节期至成熟期地下水补给量占同期耗水量的22%。     

两种不同试验模式下人工冻结土强度与变形的对比分析

两种试验模式下的冻土应力-应变曲线均呈双曲线型,但其变形过程明显不同,FC模式 (传统冻土力学试验模式)下的屈服强度明显小于K₀DCF模式 (深土冻土力学试验模式)下的.FC模式下,加载应力路径下的破坏变形明显大于K₀DCF模式下的,而减载应力路径下的破坏变形小于K₀DCF模式下的.在试验围压范围内,两种试验模式下的莫尔包络线均满足莫尔 -库仑准则,且无论是加载还是减载应力状态,K₀DCF模式下的剪切强度总是大于FC模式下的,且随着σ的增大,K₀DCF模式下加载与减载下剪切强度的差值比FC模式下τ的差值小.通过一定的对应关系可将两种模式下的强度与变形联系起来.     

蒋家沟流域坡面侵蚀特征实验研究

受流域内物质成分、气候条件和复杂侵蚀营力的影响,蒋家沟流域坡面侵蚀现象甚为严重。根据流域内坡面物质成分、气候、降雨等方面分析了发生坡面严重侵蚀的原因;并进行了大量的人工降雨侵蚀实验,分析降雨坡面产流产沙过程和特征。实验结果表明径流随降雨时间和降雨量的增加呈跳跃和波动性增加,泥沙含量随降雨时间增加而逐渐减小。     

南宁市防洪堤岸坡岩土材料的本构模型试验研究

根据南宁市防洪堤岸坡岩土材料的特性,对典型堤段的岸坡岩土材料进行了试验研究。根据试验数据拟合得到体积屈服面和剪切屈服面,基于广义塑性力学原理,建立了岸坡岩土材料的本构模型。使用MATLAB程序进行数值计算,通过对比试验曲线和理论曲线的拟合程度检验了模型的合理性。     

颗粒破碎效应对堆石坝应力变形的影响

颗粒破碎对堆石体的变形有重大影响,颗粒破碎除与母岩强度有关外,与应力状态密切相关,高堆石坝堆石体的大部分变形正是高应力场下颗粒破碎的反映。沈珠江院士提出的南水双屈服面模型虽可以较全面地反映堆石体的变形特性,但未充分考虑颗粒破碎引起的剪缩特性,因此坝体变形计算结果往往偏小,适用于中低堆石坝的分析中。本文的计算方法在南水双屈服面模型的基础上,考虑了堆石体在一定应力状态下颗粒破碎引起的应变,较真实地反映了堆石体的变形特性,可为堆石坝尤其是高堆石坝的应力变形研究提供更为合理的结果。     

Storm event sediment fingerprinting for temporal and spatial sediment source tracing

Sediment fingerprinting has been widely used to distinguish discrete sediment sources; however, application to intra-storm sediment source variability has received relatively little focus despite the benefit being long recognized. In this investigation, sediment fingerprinting was applied to a 53-hr storm event sampled hourly to determine sediment source dynamics throughout the event. Sediment sources were differentiated using 16 variables, and source contribution determined using Bayesian and Frequentist mixing models for comparison. Both models provided comparable source predictions for the dominant source estimates and the general temporal pattern. The Frequentist model appeared to exhibit some unreliable values coinciding with low GOF and attributed to inherent model structure. The Bayesian model showed higher uncertainty, likely due to the “process error” utilized associated with single sample mixtures. High variability in sediment source contribution was observed between hourly time steps; however, local smoothing reveals temporal trends during the event. A higher average proportion of mudstone is found in the falling limb (0.544) compared with the rising limb (0.464), and the reverse is observed for mountain range (0.218 vs. 0.283) and unconsolidated (0.073 vs. 0.055). In the initial hours of the storm, mudstone source contribution significantly drops, whereas mountain range and unconsolidated contributions peak. The SSC-Q clockwise hysteresis indicates proximal sediment sources, suggesting the mudstone sediment is stored channel sediment and easily entrained. This sediment flushes through, coinciding with a drop as the distal mountain range and unconsolidated sources arrive to peak contribution. The wider Manawatū discharge and sediment load then arrive, delivering increasing levels of mudstone throughout the remainder of the event while mountain range sediment diminishes. Spatial representation of the sediment source contribution was derived from distributing sediment source loads to the spatial extent of the source material according to sub-catchment sediment loads and was weighted according to slope. This provided an effective means to visualize the origin of the sediment and a better spatial interpretation of sediment fingerprinting results, which is typically limited by poor spatial resolution.     

Failure criteria for cohesive‐frictional materials based on Mohr–Coulomb failure function

This study presents two three‐parameter failure criteria for cohesive‐frictional materials based on the Mohr–Coulomb failure function. One proposed failure criterion can be linked to Mogi's empirical formula and incorporates the well‐known Von‐Mises, Drucker–Prager, and Linear Mogi criteria as special cases. Another one with smooth and convex cross sections contains a general Lode dependence in the deviatoric plane and includes the Matsuoka–Nakai and Lade–Duncan Lode dependences as special cases. The effect of the intermediate principal stress on the strength of the material can be taken into account in both criteria. The proposed criteria are numerically calibrated against polyaxial data sets of many different types of rocks and concrete_. The comparison results show that the performance of the proposed criteria is excellent, and the failure criterion with a general Lode dependence performs better than the other one for concrete. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.