福贡地区石炭系地层可能属于拉萨地块:来自碎屑锆石年龄谱的指示

欧亚与印度大陆的碰撞使得印度大陆的北东角强烈挤入欧亚大陆内部,形成东构造结,其引发的强烈变形将南羌塘地块、北羌塘地块、拉萨地块、保山地块、兰坪-思茅地块以及地块之间的缝合带挤压于很窄的范围内,造成青藏高原腹地与其东南缘之间构造单元划分、对比困难。滇西福贡地区位于青藏高原东南缘,东构造结影响范围内,是三江造山带及青藏高原相关地块的汇聚处。福贡地区石炭系岩石组合表明其形成于较为稳定的浅海相沉积环境中,具有被动大陆边缘沉积特征。三件石炭系二云母石英片岩碎屑锆石表面年龄数据(194个有效分析点)形成五个主要年龄区间:2550~2400Ma、1800~1550Ma、1200~1080Ma、1000~850Ma和600~480Ma,峰值分别为~2502Ma、~1724Ma、~1120Ma、~886Ma和~512Ma。对比其他地块同时代地层的碎屑锆石年龄谱表明,福贡地区石炭系可能是拉萨地块的一部分,与腾冲地块一样,属于其南延部分。结合中新生代岩浆岩带的构造连续性,我们认为,印度板块东北角向北、北东方向的强烈挤压导致拉萨地块及冈底斯岩浆岩带弯曲、缩颈、并发生分离与旋转。     

赣东北地区构造演化的新认识

根据近几年来赣东北地区的区域地质调查及科研工作所获的地质资料、化石资料和实测数据,论述了该区晋宁期以来的构造演化,提出了以下看法：①该区是一个多期造山作用的复合体,它经历了褶皱基底形成、洋陆转化和陆内发展三大阶段和晋宁期、加里东期、印支期、燕山期四个构造旋回;②早古生代该区存在一小洋盆;③加里东期构造旋回在赣东北地区是明显的,其造山作用是存在的,并由此奠定了该区构造分区的总体格局。     

黔东地区梵净山群与下江群凝灰岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄

根据黔东地区梵净山群回香坪组第6段凝灰岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄(840Ma±5Ma),结合下江群芙蓉坝组碎屑锆石年龄谱系及下江群新寨组(板溪群马底驿组)凝灰岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄(813.5Ma±9.6Ma),将其与广西四堡群和丹州群凝灰岩年龄进行对比。梵净山群回香坪组年龄与四堡群鱼西组凝灰岩年龄一致,2个地区均发育早期基性岩和枕状熔岩、晚期浅色花岗岩。该事件的精确定年对江南造山带西南端构造演化将有重要的地质意义。依据江南古陆新元古代低变质绿片岩的最新锆石U-Pb年龄,梵净山群(贵州)、四堡群(广西)、冷家溪群(湖南)、双桥山群(江西)与仓溪岩群(湖南)、宜丰岩群(江西)、张村群(江西),甚至与双溪坞群(浙西)在沉积年代上有一定的时间差,而上覆贵州下江群甲路组(814Ma)、广西丹州群合桐组(802Ma)、湖南板溪群张家湾组(802Ma)、江西登山群邓家组(766Ma)和浙江河上镇群骆家门组(791Ma)沉积起点的时间也不一致,但是两者之间均为角度不整合接触,反映出明显的造山事件。研究认为,不断地获得精确的地层年代数据将影响整个江南古陆变质基底的地层对比,并制约江南造山带的地质背景和成矿条件。     

Structural and tectonothermal evolution of the ultrahigh-temperature Bakhuis Granulite Belt,Guiana Shield,Surinam:Palaeoproterozoic to recent

We constrain the multistage tectonic evolution of the Palaeoproterozoic UHT metamorphic(P=0.9–1.0 GPa,T>1000℃,t=2088–2031 Ma)Bakhuis Granulite Belt(BGB)in Surinam on the Guiana Shield,using large-to small-scale structures,Al-in-hornblende thermobarometry and published fluid inclusion and zircon geochronological data.The BGB forms a narrow,NE–SW striking belt between two formerly connected,~E–W oriented granite-greenstone belts,formed between converging Amazonian and West African continental masses prior to collision and Transamazonian orogeny.Inherited detrital zircon in BGB metasediments conforms agewise to Birimian zircon of West Africa and suggests derivation from the subsequently subducted African passive margin.Ultrahigh-temperature metamorphism may have followed slab break-off and asthenospheric heat advection.Peak metamorphic structures result from layer-parallel shearing and folding,reflecting initial transtensional exhumation of the subducted African margin after slab break-off.A second HT event involves intrusion,at ca.0.49 GPa,of charnockites and metagabbros at 1993–1984 Ma and a layered anorthosite at 1980 Ma,after the BGB had already cooled to<400℃.The event is related to northward subduction under the greenstone belts,along a new active margin to their south.A pronounced syntaxial bend in the new margin points northward towards the BGB and is likely the result of indentation by an anticlinorial flexural bulge of the subducting plate.Tearing of the subducting oceanic plate along this bulge explains why the charnockites are restricted to the BGB.The BGB subsequently experienced doming under an extensional detachment exposed in its southwestern border zone.Exhumation was focused in the BGB as a result of the flexural bulge in the subducting plate and localised heating of the overriding plate by charnockite magmatism.The present,straight NE–SW long-side boundaries of the BGB are superimposed mylonite zones,overprinted by pseudotachylites,previously dated at ca.1200 Ma and 950 Ma,respectively.The 1200 Ma mylonites reflect transpressional popping-up of the BGB,caused by EW-directed intraplate principal compressive stresses from Grenvillian collision preserved under the eastern Andes.Further exhumation of the BGB involved the 950 Ma pseudotachylite decorated faulting,and Phanerozoic faulting along reactivated Meso-and Neoproterozoic lineaments.     

博格达山晚石炭纪造山活动的变形地质记录

主要由钙碱性火山岩、火山碎屑岩组成的博格达古岛弧是天山缝合造山带的重要组成部分 ,是一个发育较成熟的山链 ,其演化经历了晚古生代的韧性剪切收缩 ;中生代伸展调整及新生代再造山过程。晚古生代的造山活动在博格达山有很好的地质记录 ,并以显著的韧性剪切变形带的形成和发育同造山的褶皱构造为特点。剪切变形带内同构造的石英脉中的锆石U PbSHRIMP测年结果与山链中花岗岩、辉长岩年龄颇为一致 (311～ 316Ma) ,这个年龄反映在结束洋盆散聚、碰撞焊接的晚华力西期造山过程中 ,博格达古岛弧内存在一次虽不甚强烈 ,但又较为明显的构造岩浆事件 ,其成因可能与引起石炭纪大规模裂陆式喷发的深部断裂构造重新活动有关。     

西藏高原与喜马拉雅的隆升历史和研究方法:回顾与进展

西藏高原和喜马拉雅的隆升历史是新生代以来众多地质事件的边界条件。因此,它对于我们理解新生代全球气候变冷以及亚洲环境变化等许多地质过程都具有深远的意义。尽管各种替代指标已经被广泛应用于研究高原隆升历史,然而,不同方法所得出的高原隆升历史并不一致。这主要归咎于一些替代指标本身存在多解性和不确定性,从而严重阻碍了获取正确的高原隆升历史。在对这些替代指标进行详细的阐述之后,对其指示的高原隆升历史进行重新评估,并结合在高原腹地开展的工作,提出了原西藏高原的隆升模式,即拉萨地体和羌塘地体在始新世就已经达到现在的海拔高度,而此时青藏高原北部还是低地,南部和西部可能还处在海洋环境。在中新世时,高原向北、向东和向南生长并在第四纪时形成现在的高原特征。     

新疆构造运动期序及特征

新疆地域辽阔,地质构造运动复杂,特征各异。前人曾对新疆构造运动的划分及命名做了大量工作,但多有不一致,有些构造运动的划分或命名依据不足,因此失去了应有的代表性。现根据实际资料,对新疆地质构造运动重新归纳和认识,提出新疆境内构造运动可划分为11期32幕(次),其中前寒武纪6期、古生代2期17幕(次),中新生代3期9幕(次)     

阿尔泰额尔齐斯带东段酸性岩墙群地球化学特征及其地质意义

野外地质调查发现在阿尔泰南缘额尔齐斯构造带东段、额尔齐斯活动断裂与富蕴-锡泊渡断裂之间发育了一套未变形的酸性岩墙群.岩墙群侵位于海西期片麻岩化花岗岩和上石炭统深变质的额尔齐斯组岩层中,薄片鉴定和岩石地球化学分析确定为具有细晶结构的流纹斑岩.岩石的SiO2含量为70.9%～75.38%,K2O＋Na2O含量为7.55%～8.99%;大部分样品Na2O＞K2O,里特曼指数值为1.8～2.5之间,Al2O3=12.80%～14.53%,A/CNK=0.9～1.1,NK/A=0.7～0.9,具有准铝质-弱过铝质、低镁、高钾钠、低钙和锶、高（Fe）mol/（Mg）mol特点,具A型花岗岩类特点,属于亚碱性脉岩.岩石轻稀土富集,大离子亲石元素相对富集,具有明显的中等负铕异常,壳源特征明显.锆石U-Pb二次粒子微探针测年显示岩墙群形成于277～286Ma.推断岩墙是阿尔泰海西期造山运动结束后,在拉张构造环境下的地壳局部熔融产物.     

Post-collisional volcanism in a sinking slab setting—crustal anatectic origin of pyroxene-andesite magma, Caldear Volcanic Group, Neogene Alborán volcanic province, southeastern Spain

Caldear Volcanic Group (CVG), a stratigraphically well defined, calc-alkaline rock complex within S^a de Gata in the eastern part of the Alpine Betic mountain chain, S Spain, consists of three distinct formations: Hernández pyroxene andesites, Bujo hornblende-bearing pyroxene andesites and Viuda hornblende-bearing pyroxene dacites–rhyolites. The letter rock formation may have developed through crystal fractionation of mainly plagioclase and pyroxenes, however there is no direct relation between two formations. CVG has a domainal structure with a northeastern domain where Hernández formation is overlain by Bujo formation while Viuda formation is absent, and a southwestern domain where Viuda formation forms the only fractionate after Hernández formation. Hernández parent magma is thought generated through crustal anatexis by dehydration melting of a predominantly amphibolitic source rock complex which was formed by metamorphism from c. 500 Ma volcano-sedimentary parent material. The domainal structure of CVG is explained by compositional variation within this protogenetic complex. Single crystal U–Pb ages of c. 500 Ma to 1800 Ma for inherited zircon support the presence of clastic material of Proterozoic derivation within the original volcano-sedimentary complex. Regional study of syn-collisional rock formations (Alpine nappe complexes) indicate that the collisional tectonic stage in the Betic-Rif orogenic belt took place rather early (25–30 Ma?) and was followed by a stage of rapid regional rock uplift, fast cooling (c. 500°C/my) and extensional tectonics in the period 22–17 Ma. This later tectonic stage was set into motion by slab break-off which set the stage for a high temperature regime in the overlying lithosphere, providing the framework for the crustal melting and magma production responsible for the calc-alkaline rocks of Alborán volcanic province. Miocene zircon with ages ranging from c. 17 to 11 Ma indicate a rather protracted magmatic development prior to eruption at c. 11 Ma. Post-collisional character of Caldear Volcanic Group thus seems well established.