BIF微量稀土元素分析方法及其在冀东司家营铁矿中的应用

以硅铁条带交替出现为特征的条带状铁建造(BIF)是世界上最重要的铁矿资源类型,精确分析磁铁矿的化学组成具有重要意义。本文开展了磁铁矿样品不同溶样方法分析结果的比对,并详细分析和讨论了冀东司家营铁矿磁铁矿与燧石单条带的微量及REE元素分析的地球化学特征。分析结果表明,对于磁铁矿样品,常规HF+HNO₃溶样法与HBr+HNO₃组合溶样法具有一致的溶样效果;司家营BIF的Zr,Sc,Th含量极低,表明未受陆源碎屑的污染;铁质与硅质具有低LREE、高HREE、La和Y正异常的海水REE特征,同时具有Eu正异常的热液REE特征;Ce负异常的缺乏,说明当时的古海洋是一个缺氧的环境。研究发现富铁条带的稀土总量大于富硅条带的稀土总量,这可能与硅、铁沉积物的地球化学习性相关,铁质沉积物更易吸收稀土元素。富矿和普通矿石具有原生的热液与海水的混合来源,部分富矿受到后期流体的强烈扰动,甚至表现出热液流体的特征。     

Petrology and thermobarometry of mafic granulites and migmatites from the Chafalote Metamorphic Suite: New insights into the Neoproterozoic P–T evolution of the Uruguayan—Sul-Rio-Grandense shield

This paper reports a study of the metamorphic evolution of pelitic, semi-pelitic migmatites and mafic granulites of the Chafalote Metamorphic Suite (CMS), Uruguay, which represents the southernmost exposures of high-grade metamorphic rocks in the Dom Feliciano Belt, Uruguain—Sul-Rio-Grandense shield, South America. This belt is one of the Brasiliano orogens that crop out along the Brazilian and Uruguayan Atlantic margin, and the CMS is one of several disconnected segments of supracrustal rock in a dominantly granitic terrain. Petrological evidence from CMS mafic granulites and semi-pelitic migmatites indicates four distinct metamorphic assemblages. The early prograde assemblage (M₁) is preserved only as inclusions in porphyroblasts of the peak-metamorphic (M₂) assemblage. Peak-metamorphism was followed by near-isothermal decompression (M₃), which resulted in symplectites and coronitic textures in the mafic granulites and compositional zoning of Ca in garnet (decreasing rimwards) and plagioclase (increasing rimwards) in the semi-pelitic migmatites. The retrograde metamorphic assemblage (M₄) is represented by hydration reaction textures replacing minerals of the M₂ and M₃ assemblages. Average P–T calculations using the program THERMOCALC and conventional thermobarometric methods yield peak-metamorphic (M₂) P–T conditions of 7–10 kbar and 830–950 °C, near-decompressional (M₃) P–T conditions of 4.8–5.5 kbar and 788–830 °C and M₄ retrograde P–T conditions of 3–6 kbar and 600–750 °C. The calculated P–T path for the CMS rocks is ‘clockwise’ and incorporates a near-isothermal decompression segment followed by minor cooling, consistent with a history of crustal thickening followed by extensional collapse at ca. 650–600 Ma. The metamorphism recorded by rocks of this crustal segment may be correlated with 650 Ma metamorphism in the Coastal Terrane of the Kaoko Belt in Namibia, being the first unequivocal match between South America and Africa provided by crystalline rocks south of the Congo Craton.     

山岭重丘区高速(高等级)公路建设的可持续发展观

随着经济的发展和社会的不断进步,人类赖以生存的资源和环境越来越受到人们的普遍关注。公路建设必然消耗资源、影响环境,尤其是在山岭重丘区修建高速(高等级)公路,由于其高差大、地势起伏频繁,对生态和环境的影响较为显著。文章就山岭重丘区建设高速(高等级)公路如何与可持续发展观念相协调提出了自己的看法,对某些问题进行了大胆探索,以期引起高速(高等级)公路建设决策、设计、施工各环节的重视。     

Positive and negative terrains on northern Shaanxi Loess Plateau

The Loess positive and negative terrains (P–N terrains), which are widely distributed on the Loess Plateau, are discussed for the first time by introducing its characteristic, demarcation as well as extraction method from high-resolution Digital Elevation Models. Using 5 m-resolution DEMs as original test data, P–N terrains of 48 geomorphological units in different parts of Shaanxi Loess Plateau are extracted accurately. Then six indicators for depicting the geomorphologic landscape and spatial configuration characteristic of P–N terrains are proposed. The spatial distribution rules of these indicators and the relationship between the P–N terrains and Loess relief are discussed for further understanding of Loess landforms. Finally, with the integration of P–N terrains and traditional terrain indices, a series of un-supervised classification methods are applied to make a proper landform classification in northern Shaanxi. Results show that P–N terrains are an effect clue to reveal energy and substance distribution rules on the Loess Plateau. A continuous change of P–N terrains from south to north in Shaanxi Loess Plateau shows an obvious spatial difference of Loess landforms and the positive terrain area only accounted for 60.5% in this region. The P–N terrains participant landform classification method increases validity of the result, especially in the Loess tableland, Loess tableland-ridge and the Loess low-hill area. This research is significant on the study of Loess landforms with the Digital Terrains Analysis methods.     

基于DEM的黄河流域天文辐射空间分布

Based on the developed distributed model for calculating astronomical solar radiation (ASR), monthly ASR with a resolution of 1 km× 1 km for the rugged terrains of Yellow River Basin was calculated, with DEM data as the general characterization of terrain. This model gives an all-sided consideration on factors that influence the ASR. Results suggest that (1) Annual ASR has a progressive decrease trend from south to north; (2) the magnitude order of seasonal ASR is: summer＞spring＞autumn＞winter; (3) topographical factors have robust effect on the spatial distribution of ASR, particularly in winter when a lower sun elevation angle exists; (4) the ASR of slopes with a sunny exposure is generally 2 or 3 times that of slopes with a shading exposure and the extreme difference of ASR for different terrains is over 10 times in January; (5) the spatial differences of ASR are relatively small in summer when a higher sun elevation angle exists and the extremedifference of ASR for different terrains is only 16% in July; and (6) the sequence of topographical influence strength is: winter＞autumn＞spring＞summer.     

辽宁弓长岭铁矿区大理岩地质地球化学特征及其成矿意义

弓长岭铁矿床二矿区西北部发现的含磁铁矿白云质大理岩为与条带状硅铁建造整合产出的原始沉积成因碳酸盐岩.本文对该大理岩及其蚀变岩的主量元素、微量元素、稀土元素及碳氧同位素进行了初步研究.大理岩主要化学组成CaO为30.15％～ 34.32％,MgO为9.86％～11.95％,FeOT为6.76％～15.82％;与平均显生宙石灰岩相比,弓长岭大理岩除Pb、Mn富集外,大离子亲石元素和高场强元素明显亏损;与后太古代平均澳大利亚沉积岩(PAAS)相比,弓长岭大理岩稀土元素总量低,明显正铕异常,铈负异常不明显;弓长岭大理岩δ13CV-PDB为-7.0‰～-6.0‰,Y/Ho比值既不同于海水也不同于陆源碎屑.这些特征显示大理岩形成于缺氧的海洋环境,物质来源与海底喷气热液活动有关.大理岩的沉积表明当时海水的酸碱条件已达中性-弱碱性,有利于铁胶体沉淀成矿.大理岩层不仅易于发生构造变形,而且贫铁矿形成富铁矿时迁出的硅质交代大理岩形成了阳起石岩,同时大理岩还为热液交代形成石榴石岩、绿泥石岩和镁铁闪石岩等蚀变岩提供了镁质.     

吉林省南部太古宙花岗质岩石及其成因探讨

吉林省南部早太古宙高级区和晚太古宙花岗岩—绿岩带中的英云闪长岩、奥长花岗岩、花岗闪长岩等广泛发育,各岩体分布明显受太古宙边缘穹隆及中央卵形隆起控制。在岩石化学特征上明显反映出英云闪长岩—奥长花岗岩和钙碱性两个演化趋势。经稀土模拟计算,英云闪长岩和奥长花岗岩可能由石英榴辉岩经10—40部分熔融形成。     

行政边界地带跨政区协调体系构建

中国的区域发展面临跨政区整合及其协调机制重构的挑战,区域发展的冲突和矛盾在"行政边界地带—地方政府—跨政区协调"这一主题下交织和渗透,并在行政边界地带被聚焦和放大,行政边界地带成为跨政区矛盾冲突最为集中的区域。该文聚焦于国内外行政边界地带跨政区协调的研究成果,构建了行政边界地带跨政区协调体系。地方政府、企业机构、当地居民和民间组织构成跨政区协调的利益相关者,通过技术途径、组织途径和社会途径等方式,通过冲突、边界共生资源开发与利用、多边经济合作与竞争、边界生态环境治理等议题展开边界协调讨论。     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987114000449

We review petrologic observations of reaction textures from high-grade rocks that suggest the passage of fluids with variable alkali activities. Development of these reaction textures is accompanied by regular compositional variations in plagioclase, pyroxenes, biotite, amphibole and garnet. The textures are interpreted in terms of exchange and net-transfer reactions controlled by the K and Na activities in the fluids. On the regional scale, these reactions operate in granitized, charnockitized, syenitized etc. shear zones within high-grade complexes. Thermodynamic calculations in simple chemical systems show that changes in mineral assemblages, including the transition from the hydrous to the anhydrous ones, may occur at constant pressure and temperature due only to variations in the H2O and the alkali activities. A simple procedure for estimating the activity of the two major alkali oxides, K2O and Na2O, is imple- mented in the TWQ software. Examples of calculations are presented for well-documented dehydration zones from South Africa, southern India, and Sri Lanka. The calculations have revealed two end-member regimes of alkalis during specific metamorphic processes： rock buffered, which is characteristic for the precursor rocks containing two feldspars, and fluid-buffered for the precursor rocks without K-feldspar. The observed reaction textures and the results of thermodynamic modeling are compared with the results of available experimental studies on the interaction of the alkali chloride and carbonate-bearing fluids with metamorphic rocks at mid-crustal conditions. The experiments show the complex effect of alkali activities in the fluid phase on the mineral assemblages. Both thermodynamic calculations and experiments closely reproduce paragenetic relations theoretically predicted by D.S. Korzhinskii in the 1940s.     

陕北黄土高原正负地形研究(英文)

The Loess positive and negative terrains (P-N terrains), which are widely distributed on the Loess Plateau, are discussed for the first time by introducing its characteristic, demarcation as well as extraction method from high-resolution Digital Elevation Models. Using 5 m-resolution DEMs as original test data, P-N terrains of 48 geomorphological units in different parts of Shaanxi Loess Plateau are extracted accurately. Then six indicators for depicting the geomorphologic landscape and spatial configuration characteristic of P-N terrains are proposed. The spatial distribution rules of these indicators and the relationship between the P-N terrains and Loess relief are discussed for further understanding of Loess landforms. Finally, with the integration of P-N terrains and traditional terrain indices, a series of un-supervised classification methods are applied to make a proper landform classification in northern Shaanxi. Results show that P-N terrains are an effect clue to reveal energy and substance distribution rules on the Loess Plateau. A continuous change of P-N terrains from south to north in Shaanxi Loess Plateau shows an obvious spatial difference of Loess landforms and the positive terrain area only accounted for 60.5% in this region. The P-N terrains participant landform classification method increases validity of the result, especially in the Loess tableland, Loess tableland-ridge and the Loess low-hill area. This research is significant on the study of Loess landforms with the Digital Terrains Analysis methods.