A MODEL FOR QUANTITATIVELY ESTIMATING SHORT-RANGE PRECIPITATION BASED ON GMS DIGITALIZED CLOUD MAPS—PART Ⅱ:ASSESSMENT OF RESULTS FROM THE MODEL FOR SATELLITE-IMAGE QUANTITATIVELY ESTIMATING PRECIPITATION

This is Part Ⅱ of this series.It introduces the technique for recognizing MαCS phased properties and its precipitation center or centers by means of dynamic digitalized cloud maps and presents the assessment of the effectiveness of the model proposed in Part Ⅰ as to its fitting and forecasting accuracy.     

Assessment of three numerical solution strategies for gravity field recovery from GOCE satellite gravity gradiometry implemented on a parallel platform

 The recovery of a full set of gravity field parameters from satellite gravity gradiometry (SGG) is a huge numerical and computational task. In practice, parallel computing has to be applied to estimate the more than 90 000 harmonic coefficients parameterizing the Earth's gravity field up to a maximum spherical harmonic degree of 300. Three independent solution strategies (preconditioned conjugate gradient method, semi-analytic approach, and distributed non-approximative adjustment), which are based on different concepts, are assessed and compared both theoretically and on the basis of a realistic-as-possible numerical simulation regarding the accuracy of the results, as well as the computational effort. Special concern is given to the correct treatment of the coloured noise characteristics of the gradiometer. The numerical simulations show that the three methods deliver nearly identical results—even in the case of large data gaps in the observation time series. The newly proposed distributed non-approximative adjustment approach, which is the only one of the three methods that solves the inverse problem in a strict sense, also turns out to be a feasible method for practical applications. Received: 17 December 2001 / Accepted: 17 July 2002 Acknowledgments. We would like to thank Prof. W.-D. Schuh, Institute of Theoretical Geodesy, University of Bonn, for providing us with the serial version of the PCGMA algorithm, which forms the basis for the parallel PCGMA package developed at our institute. This study was partially performed in the course of the GOCE project `From E?tv?s to mGal+', funded by the European Space Agency (ESA) under contract No. 14287/00/NL/DC. Correspondence to: R. Pail     

集群系统进程迁移机制研究

进程迁移是提高集群系统整体性的基础机制之一。作者在本文中首先详细地论述了进程迁移机制的关键技术，然后描述了在集群系统中PVM迁移原理，接着重点分析了在Linux集群中进程迁移算法的设计，最后对集群系统中与进程迁移机制相关的技术做了讨论。     

渗水地膜节水增产效益试验

渗水地膜具有调温、增温、加快发育进程，提高土吉湿度，增加单铃重，改善品质的作用。可提高棉花产量8．4％，具有广泛的推广应用前景。     

复杂观测系统下的三维波动方程叠前深度偏移

波动方程三维叠前深度偏移是近年应复杂地质构造与地震岩性成像需求而发展的一项关键技术。此项技术与集群式并行机的结合，更是将其价格性能比较低至工业生产规模应用水平，然而，波动方程三维叠前深度偏移的实用化还需要诸如地震资料网络化、并行计算负载平衡等一系列配套技术。本文针对油田实际资料，试验了其应用波动方程三维叠前深度偏移的规则化技术，并结合地震炮集数据的特点，在自组装的集群式并行机上，解决了其节点间的负载平衡问题。本项工作有助于推近复杂观测系统下的地震数据实现三维波动方程叠前深度偏移。     

华北中强地震前Morishita播散指数空间演化特征及其应用

研究了华北中强地震前3年Morishita播散指数的空间演化，发现Iδ异常几乎都是首先在远离震中的地方出现，并逐步向未来震中集中，这种规律可为地震的地点预报提供重要信息。     

云南省金沙江流域低温霜冻灾害区划研究

选取5个指标,运用模糊聚类方法进行了云南金沙江流域低温霜冻灾害区划,将该流域划分为3个低温霜冻灾害区、9个低温霜冻灾害亚区,揭示了该流域低温霜冻灾害的地域差异性,为因地制宜地制定低温霜冻灾害防治规划及减灾防灾措施提供了科学依据。     

云南省金沙江流域作物病虫灾害区划研究

选取5个指标,运用模糊聚类方法进行了云南金沙江流域作物病虫灾害区划,将该流域划分为3个病虫灾害 区、8个病虫灾害亚区,揭示了该流域病虫灾害的地域差异性,为因地制宜地制定病虫灾害防治规划及减灾防灾措施 提供了科学依据。     

云南省金沙江流域水土流失灾害区划研究

水土流失是云南金沙江流域的头号环境问题和重要自然灾害。选取8个指标,运用模糊聚类方法进行了云 南金沙江流域水土流失灾害区划,将该流域划分为3个水土流失灾害区、9个水土流失灾害亚区,揭示了该流域水土 流失灾害状况的地域差异性,为因地制宜地制定水土流失灾害防治规划及措施提供了科学依据。     

分层聚类分析在水文地球化学分类中的应用

以福建省马坑矿区为例,对采集的水化学数据进行Q型聚类分析。分析结果表明,马坑矿区的地下水主要包括三种水化学类型:砂岩和花岗岩裂隙水类型、岩溶水类型及混合水类型,其中不同类型水的混合水与岩溶水距离较近,混合成因水(混合水)中又可细分为三种不同类型。通过分类大致了解区域不同含水层的水化学特征,为找出混合成因水,解决不同含水层的连通情况提供了可靠依据。