溶洞对路基稳定性影响分析——以常张高速公路K122+200路基为例

利用弹塑性理论和有限差分方法,对常张高速公路下伏溶洞处理前后对路基变形和稳定性影响进行了计算分析和评价。计算结果表明,在汽车动载作用下,常张高速公路K122+ 200路基和溶洞上部土层产生较大的塑性变形, 整个路基处于不稳定状态。进一步分析表明,溶洞的顶板厚度是影响路基稳定性的主导因素,随着顶板厚度的增加,路基地面变形迅速减小。K122+ 200路基下伏溶洞采用回注水泥粘土浆液加固处理后,路基变形和溶洞上部土体的塑性变形明显减小,可见回注水泥粘土浆液加固溶洞效果明显,能满足工程建设的要求。      

基于范数灰色理论的滑坡稳定性敏感因子分析

灰色关联分析模型可用于滑坡稳定性敏感因子的定量分析。将范数灰色理论引入到滑坡稳定性敏感因子分析之中,确定了影响滑坡稳定性系数的因素权重,较为直观地反映了各影响因子对滑坡稳定性的影响程度。以重庆市綦江县土台镇滑坡为例,进行滑坡稳定性敏感因子的范数灰关联度计算。结果显示,滑动面岩土体强度参数是影响土台镇滑坡稳定性最重要的因素,地震作用和地下水位的变化对该滑体稳定性的影响要稍弱一些。     

Experimental synthesis and phase relations of phengitic muscovite from 6.5 to 11 GPa in a calcareous metapelite from the Dabie Mountains, China

The stability and phase relations of phengitic muscovite in a metapelitic bulk composition containing a mixed H₂O+CO₂ fluid were investigated at 6.5–11 GPa, 750–1050°C in synthesis experiments performed in a multianvil apparatus. Starting material consisted of a natural calcareous metapelite from the coesite zone of the Dabie Mountains, China, ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic complex that had experienced peak metamorphic pressures greater than 3 GPa. The sample contains a total of 2.1 wt.% H₂O and 6.3 wt.% CO₂ bound in hydrous and carbonate minerals. No additional fluid was added to the starting material. Phengite is stable in this bulk composition from 6.5 to 9 GPa at 900°C and coexists with an eclogitic phase assemblage consisting of garnet, omphacite, coesite, rutile, and fluid. Phengite dehydrates to produce K-hollandite between 8 and 11 GPa, 750–900°C. Phengite melting/dissolution occurs between 900°C and 975°C at 6.5–8 GPa and is associated with the appearance of kyanite in the phase assemblage. The formation of K-hollandite is accompanied by the appearance of magnesite and topaz-OH in the phase assemblage as well as by significant increases in the grossular content of garnet (average X_grs=0.52, X_py=0.19) and the jadeite content of omphacite (X_jd=0.92). Mass balance indicates that the volatile content of the fluid phase changes markedly at the phengite/K-hollandite phase boundary. At P≤8 GPa, fluid coexisting with phengite appears to be relatively CO₂-rich (XCO₂/XH₂O=2.2), whereas fluid coexisting with K-hollandite and magnesite at 11 GPa is rich in H₂O (XCO₂/XH₂O=0.2). Analysis of quench material and mass balance calculations indicate that fluids at all pressures and temperatures examined contain an abundance of dissolved solutes (approximately 40 mol% at 8 GPa, 60 mol% at 11 GPa) that act to dilute the volatile content of the fluid phase. The average phengite content of muscovite is positively correlated with pressure and ranges from 3.62 Si per formula unit (pfu) at 6.5 GPa to 3.80 Si pfu at 9 GPa. The extent of the phengite substitution in muscovite in this bulk composition appears to be limited to a maximum of 3.80–3.85 Si pfu at P=9 GPa. These experiments show that phengite should be stable in metasediments in mature subduction zones to depths of up to 300 km even under conditions in which aH₂O1. Other high-pressure hydrous phases such as lawsonite, MgMgAl-pumpellyite, and topaz-OH that may form in subducted sediments do not occur within the phengite stability field in this system, and may require more H₂O-rich fluid compositions in order to form. The wide range of conditions under which phengite occurs and its participation in mixed volatile reactions that may buffer the composition of the fluid phase suggest that phengite may significantly influence the nature of metasomatic fluids released from deeply subducted sediments at depths of up to 300 km at convergent plate boundaries.     

Characterization of high molecular weight biomarkers in crude oils

High-temperature gas chromatography (HTGC) has enhanced our ability to characterize hydrocarbons extending to C₁₂₀ in crude oils. As a result, hydrocarbons in waxes (> C₂₀) have been observed to vary significantly between crude oils, even those presumed to originate from the same source. Prior to this development, microcrystalline waxes containing hydrocarbons above C₄₀ were not characterized on a molecular level due to the analytical limitations of conventional gas chromatography. Routine screenings of high pour-point crude oils by high-temperature gas chromatography has revealed that high molecular weight hydrocarbons (> C₄₀) are very common in most oils and may represent 2% of the crude oil. Precise structures, origins, and significance of these high molecular weight compounds remain elusive. As a preliminary step to expand our knowledge of these compounds their general molecular structures and formulas have been investigated in this study. Initial results suggest that the major high molecular weight compounds include a homologous series of n-alkanes, methylbranched alkanes, alkylcyclopentanes, alkylcyclohexanes, alkylbenzenes and alkylcycloalkanes.     

高盐变质流体对我国绿岩带金矿的制约

高盐变质流体为绿岩带原岩在变质 -混合岩化过程中产生的液体 ,其含盐度高达 30～ 40 wt% Na Cl,富含 K、Na、Ca、Mg碱金属离子 ,K/ Na≈ 1,呈强碱性 ,有利于绿岩中 Au的活化和迁移 ,使绿岩带起到金的矿源层作用 ,并且间接地控制了变质期后绿岩型金矿的形成和分布 ,控制了绿岩型金矿的规模大小     

世界航天遥感技术现状、发展趋势及油气遥感应用方向

世界航天遥感技术发展迅速,掌握卫星发射技术和具备卫星发射能力的国家越来越多,其中,高分辨率小型商业卫星和雷达卫星已经成为重要的遥感信息源;高光谱分辨率遥感将是现今和下个世纪的发展方向。本文总结了世界航天遥感技术现状,分析了今后的发展趋势,提出了油气遥感应用的研究方向     

地震活动的高频低强度现象及其在7级强震趋势预测中的意义

分析了中国大陆地震活动的高频低强度现象与全球７级大震活动和中７级强震活动的关系。结果表明;全球７级强震活动弱时,中国大陆地区的地震活动就有可能出现这种现象。这种现象出现后的第１年中国台湾附近寺区发生７级大震的概率较大,第２年中国大陆地区发生７级大震的概率较大。     

胶东北部超高品位金矿黄铁矿热电性研究

对胶东北部超高品位金矿集中区黄铁矿热电标型的时空分布研究表明,Ｐ型黄铁矿出现率和Ｐ型黄铁矿热电系统数平均值及Ｐ型黄铁矿热电系数离散性呈ＮＥ和ＮＮＥ向带状展布,超高品位金矿位于这两级方向交汇部位的Ｐ型黄铁矿出现率大于９０％,Ｐ型黄铁矿热电系数平均值大于２５０μＶ／℃,Ｐ型黄铁矿热电系数离散性小于１．５的区域内,反映了超高品位金矿形成于温度较低,成矿流体中Ａｓ、Ｓｂ、Ｔｅ等的含量较高,且温度和成分变化较小的条件,成矿部位处于成矿本上升通道附近。     

Stability of dense hydrous magnesium silicate phases in the systems Mg2SiO4-H2O and MgSiO3-H2O at pressures up to 27 GPa

We conducted high-pressure phase equilibrium experiments in the systems MgSiO₃ with 15 wt% H₂O and Mg₂SiO₄ with 5 wt% and 11 wt% H₂O at 20 ∼ 27 GPa. Based on the phase relations in these systems, together with the previous works on the related systems, we have clarified the stability relations of dense hydrous magnesium silicates in the system MgO-SiO₂-H₂O in the pressure range from 10 to 27 GPa. The results show that the stability field of phase G, which is identical to phase D and phase F, expands with increasing water contents. Water stored in serpentine in the descending cold slabs is transported into depths greater than 200 km, where serpentine decomposes to a mixture of phase A, enstatite, and fluid. Reaction sequences of the hydrous phases which appear at higher pressures vary with water content. In the slabs with a water content less than about 2 wt%, phase A carries water to a depth of 450 km. Hydrous wadsleyite, hydrous ringwoodite, and ilmenite are the main water reservoirs in the transition zone from 450 to 660 km. Superhydrous phase B is the water reservoir in the uppermost part of the lower mantle from 670 to 800 km, whereas phase G appears in the lower mantle only at depths greater than 800 km. In cold slabs with local water enrichment greater than 2 wt%, the following hydrous phases appear with increasing depths; phase A to 450 km, phase A and phase G from 450 km to 550 km, brucite, superhydrous phase B, and phase G from 550 km to 800 km, and phase G at depths greater than 800 km. Received: 4 August 1999 / Accepted: 1 March 2000     

9711台风暴雨特征分析

对9711号台风天气形势和物理量场的诊断分析结果表明：东南低空急流和高层的西风急流与台风的相互作用,高层辐散区与低层辐合区同时北抬和重叠,是造成山东地区附近大范围暴雨的主要原因。暴雨区主要位于台风移动前方的右侧。台风的移向与副高的位置及强弱变化有关。