西藏高海拔地区地震现场应急探讨

介绍了高海拔对人体的主要影响,强调在高海拔地区开展地震应急工作应注意的事项以及应急装备的要求,对进入藏区顺利开展地震应急工作面临的问题和困难提出了相应的对策。     

一种激发极化法2.5维正演的自适应有限元方法（英文）

传统的基于结构化网格有限元法采用的单元比较规则如矩形等,且网格剖分和加密要靠手动实现,所以传统的基于结构化网格有限元法不能准确和灵活地模拟复杂介质。本文采用易于模拟复杂介质模型的非结构化三角形网格进行剖分,且利用对偶加权后验误差估计指导网格自动细化过程,然后在电位模拟的基础上计算雅可比偏导矩阵,并依据Seigel（1959）理论实现激发极化法2.5维自适应有限元正演模拟算法。通过对垂直接触面模型进行正演分析,接收点附近网格得到了明显加密,电位数值解平均相对误差收敛到0.4%,视极化率平均相对误差收敛到1.2%,表明经自适应网格细化后,该算法数值解最终能收敛到精确解附近。最后对两个较复杂模型进行了正演计算与分析,进一步验证了该算法的准确性和灵活性。     

新型框架结构弹塑性地震反应的等效线性化方法研究

等效线性化方法是计算结构弹塑性地震反应的实用方法.通过对几种等效线性化方法的比较分析,提出了基于FEMA440 （2005）计算等效刚度和等效阻尼比的等效线性化方法;分别采用静力弹塑性分析方法和等效线性化方法,分析了局部使用高性能纤维增强混凝土新型框架结构的弹塑性地震反应.结果表明,两种方法所得结构的地震反应均比较接近.因此,本文建议的等效线性化方法能够较好地预测新型框架结构的弹塑性地震反应.     

环境公共物品的私人补偿:农业遗产保护的试点项目(英文)

在一次性支付中,某种环境物品真正价值或许更容易如果它能以捐赠的方式加入私人物品中。我们研究了人们的购买行为并与问卷调查中所阐明的购买行为相对比。我们检验了条件价值法(Contingent Value Method,CVM)的效标效度,例如(检验)当捐赠被附加时人们所表现出与规定值的差异程度。结果表明价格上涨对商品的总销量有任何影响。把捐赠附加到私人物品中可能是种很有效的收集捐款形式。这些捐款被用于保护具有非排他性和非竞争性的景观或者作为景观一部分的农业遗产。此外,我们还可以表明,资金可以在不改变销售数量被收集。这种方法在其他环保活动也是很有效的。     

地基GPS水汽资料在江西一次大暴雨过程的应用分析

利用江西省54个地基GPS站的逐时GPS PW、降雨资料和NCEP 1°×1°的fnl分析资料,综合分析了2012年5月12日江西中北部地区的大暴雨过程。结果表明,所有地基GPS站的降雨都出现在GPS可降水量(PW)持续增长4—21 h后,其中72.2%的测站的降雨出现在GPS PW持续增长4—12 h后,降雨都结束于GPSPW明显减小至某一稳定值(55 mm左右)时。降雨出现时GPS PW均大于某一值(阈值),且不同GPS站的阈值不相同,阈值会随海拔高度的增大而减小,特别是海拔高度大于200 m后,阈值随海拔高度的增加而减小的趋势更加明显。GPS PW的迅速增长是由低层(850 hPa)暖湿西南风急流加强东移至江西地区造成的。GPS PW的明显减小,是由于之前的强降雨消耗了空气的水汽所致。     

广西区高空观测记录表数字化建设工作探析

广西区6个高空站的观测记录表均未进行数字化处理,资料利用率不高。将档案资料数字化处理是将纸介质历史气象资料转为电子介质信息,以实现气象资料的电子检索和利用。对广西气象档案馆馆藏的历史高空气象观测记录表进行数字化处理,对当前气象业务和科研,特别是对应对气候变化和建立现代气象业务体系将起到积极作用。     

The Effects of Different HITRAN Versions on Calculated Long-Wave Radiation and Uncertainty Evaluation

Four editions of the High Resolution Transmission (HITRAN) databases (HITRAN96, HITRAN2K, HITRAN04, and HITRAN08) are compared by using a line-by-line (LBL) radiative model in the long-wave calculation for six typical atmospheres. The results show that differences in downward radiative fluxes between HITRAN96 and HITRAN08 at the surface can reach a maximum of 1.70 W m 2 for tropical atmospheres. The largest difference in heating rate between HITRAN96 and HITRAN08 can reach 0.1 K day 1 for midlatitude summer atmosphere. Uncertainties caused by line intensity and air-broadened halfwidths are also evaluated in this work using the uncertainty codes given in HITRAN08. The uncertainty is found to be 1.92 W m 2 for upward fluxes at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) and 1.97 W m 2 for downward fluxes at the surface. The largest heating rate caused by the uncertainty of line intensity and air-broadened half-width can reach 0.5 K day 1 . The differences in optical depths between 1300 and 1700 cm 1 caused by different HITRAN versions are larger than those caused by the uncertainties in intensity and air-broadened half-width. This paper suggests that there is inaccurate representation of line parameters over some spectral ranges in HITRAN and more attention should be paid to these ranges in fields such as remote sensing.     

城市路网交通状态的改进Kriging估计方法

在非线性降维算法Isomap的基础上进行了改进,提出了一种基于度量多维标定法的空间变换方法。将原始网络空间中的路网距离转换为新欧氏空间中的近似路网距离,并在此距离度量基础上实现Kriging方法。通过对南昌市真实数据进行交通状态估计的实验发现,该方法比现有的基于欧氏距离度量的Kriging方法具有更高的估计精度,能够有效地解决交通领域中大规模路网交通运行状态监控的问题。     

Application Progress and Prospect of Argus System in Beach Research in China

Reliable, continuous and long-term data is needed in order to understand precisely the evolution of a beach system. Because of the advantages of real-time, low cost, simple operation, strong adaptability, high resolution and continuous data, Argus video monitoring system has developed rapidly in recent years, and its research and application fields have gradually expanded. Composition of the Argus system was briefly introduced, and the application of this system in beach research in China was described, and the accuracy of the extracted data was analysed. It was shown that the average vertical and plane distance error is 0.145 m and 11.73 m respectively, which depends on the distance from Argus observatory. Argus system has been widely used in beach research abroad, but it is still in the early stage in China. In the future, it is expected to provide more powerful and perfect technical support in coastal engineering construction evaluation, coastal hydrodynamic monitoring and bathymetry inversion, beach tourism management and research on morphodynamic evolution of estuary sand spits.     

A waveguide-based flexible CO2-laser heating system for diamond-anvil cell applications

Fiber-based laser heating systems offer high flexibility and are increasingly used in high-pressure/high-temperature research. Previous fiber-based laser heating systems were based on lasers delivering radiation with 1-μm wavelength that show unfavorable heating characteristics for many sample materials. We report on the development and first experiments of a waveguide (fiber)-based CO₂-laser heating system that can be used in a flexible manner for high-temperature research and for high-pressure/temperature experiments when combined with diamond-anvil cells. The waveguide-based CO₂-laser heating system allows convenient heating of optically transparent samples without the need for adding an additional laser absorber. In a pilot experiment, the flexible heating system has been installed on a Brillouin scattering system to measure high-temperature sound-wave velocities in single-crystal MgO. The waveguide-based CO₂-laser heating system offers perspectives for a variety of scientific applications, most importantly those that require the use of synchrotron facilities where space is limited and flexible solutions are required.