酒吧与旅游古镇地方性的建构——以湖南凤凰古城为例

随着全球流动的迅速加快,移动性理论成为解释全球化与地方化冲突的一个有用视角。在第三世界不断蔓延的酒吧消费空间可以看作是移动性的一个重要表征。然而游客带来了旅游目的地变迁,以及西方游客在第三世界国家创立文化飞地的移动性研究结论却无法解释酒吧在中国的古镇不仅成为重要的休闲场所,而且成为了古镇文化的重要组成部分的现象。文章以湖南凤凰古镇为例,运用观察、访谈等定性研究方法探讨酒吧是如何与古镇的地方性相结合的。得出结论如下：1）酒吧起初完全是由游客生产,游客消费的空间是游客在古镇中创造出来的文化飞地;2）由于游客的某些文化行为（绘画、音乐、阅读等）使得古镇叠加了现代文化的地方性,从而与同是现代文化的酒吧相得益彰;3）随着大众游客、组团游客的不断增多,原来的游客关注凤凰古城展现传统文化的习惯已经被打破,组团游客更多地只是对古城匆匆一瞥,更关心的是听觉、嗅觉等身体感觉以及喝醉的放纵感;4）由于漫步的停步与放纵同时汇聚于酒吧,使得游客透过酒吧更好地将身体安放在古镇中,这使得酒吧融入进了古镇中的地方性。综上所述,人与地方的连接是复杂的过程,带有文化与身体2种属性,因为有身体属性的存在,游客对于旅游目的地并不仅仅是审美需求,而酒吧则是在双重属性下连接人与古镇的重要中介。     

基于社会网络分析的长三角地区人口迁移及演化

在当今全球化与地方化、区域化的背景下,物质和能量在各节点间的高速流动促进了城市网络的形成并成为一种新的区域组织模式和空间结构,尤其是对区域一体化高度发达的区域产生了深刻影响。以长江三角洲地区为例,从人口迁移的网络空间入手,从网络密度、中心势等角度对1982-2010年长三角地区人口网络的演变进行研究。结果表明：整体上人口迁移网络日趋成熟,但空间分布不均衡;人口迁移主要流向上海、杭州、南京、宁波和苏锡常等核心城市,同时这些城市的人口外迁现象逐渐显现;以无锡、苏州、杭州之间人口迁移联系为主体的省际间人口流动行为增多,空间上具有等级扩散的特征;不同空间尺度的网络结构相互嵌套,在地方尺度下形成了江苏以邻域渗透为主和浙江的等级辐合两种网络结构。最后从就业机会、收入水平、产业结构、迁移成本等方面分析了人口迁移网络的演化历经均质离散-单核心集聚-多核心等级网络-链式空间网络四个阶段的成因。     

LixNiO2—锂电池阴极材料

高温固相反应法在Li—Ni—O体系中成功地合成了具有层状结构的Li_xNiO_2,固溶体区间为0.45≤x≤0.98;用XRD,XPS等技术研究了它们的结构和金属离子Ni的存在价态,用恒电流间断滴定法测得了Li~+在Li_xNiO_2中的化学扩散系数和离子电导率,室温下(?)_i和σ_i分别为10~(-9)cm~2/s和10~(-5)S/cm量级,试验电池充放电实验表明,Li_xNiO_2是有前途的锂电池阴极材料。     

人类移动性与健康研究中的时间问题

随着地理信息科学的发展,地理学围绕着社会热点问题不断向其他学科交叉渗透,同时学科的交叉也为地理学研究本身注入了热量。空间一直是地理学研究中的基本问题,而时间与空间密不可分,从时间维度研究人类移动性及其丰富内涵具有重要意义。本文在总结人类移动性热点问题的基础上,重点从时间维度探讨了可达性、出行体验与幸福感、人类健康与疾病等问题的研究内容和方法,并从低收入者社区医疗保健可达性研究和阿帕拉契亚乡村地区吸烟者影响因素研究等案例进行详细阐释,最后对人类移动性与健康研究的发展方向进行了展望。     

GIS‐assisted modelling for debris flow hazard assessment based on the events of May 1998 in the area of Sarno,Southern Italy: II. Velocity and dynamic pressure

The velocity and dynamic pressure of debris flows are critical determinants of the impact of these natural phenomena on infrastructure. Therefore, the prediction of these parameters is critical for hazard assessment and vulnerability analysis. We present here an approach to predict the velocity of debris flows on the basis of the energy line concept. First, we obtained empirically and field‐based estimates of debris flow peak discharge, mean velocity at peak discharge and velocity, at channel bends and within the fans of ten of the debris flow events that occurred in May 1998 in the area of Sarno, Southern Italy. We used this data to calibrate regression models that enable the prediction of velocity as a function of the vertical distance between the energy line and the surface. Despite the complexity in morphology and behaviour of these flows, the statistical fits were good and the debris flow velocities can be predicted with an associated uncertainty of less than 30% and less than 3 m s^?1. We wrote code in Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) that runs within ArcGIS^® to implement the results of these calibrations and enable the automatic production of velocity and dynamic pressure maps. The collected data and resulting empirical models constitute a realistic basis for more complex numerical modelling. In addition, the GIS implementation constitutes a useful decision‐support tool for real‐time hazard mitigation. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

中国北方草原沙漠化发展过程及其成因分析——以内蒙古苏尼特左旗为例

利用遥感监测和实地调查研究相结合的办法,研究分析了中国北方草原沙漠化动态变化趋势和发展原因。结果表明:苏尼特左旗沙漠化形势非常严峻,包括北部广阔草原地区的沙漠化和南部沙丘活化两大类型。苏尼特左旗在过去30余年里,沙漠化土地总面积在增加,而沙漠化指数（ADI）在2000—2005年间略有减小,反映出2000—2005年间研究区沙漠化程度略有恢复。研究区两大类沙漠化土地发展变化趋势并不相同,草原沙漠化在过去30余年里一直在发展,由斑块状向片状发展;而沙丘活化则在1973—1987年间强烈发展,在1987年以后则呈现出恢复逆转的态势,沙丘活化对气候变化表现出较高的响应,揭示出苏尼特左旗南部沙漠化的发展受人类活动影响较小,主要与气候变化有关。北部大面积的草原沙漠化与气候变化趋势不完全一致,主要随着人类过渡放牧活动或者大规模保护恢复活动,而发生沙漠化严重程度的加剧或减缓。苏尼特左旗的沙漠化发展状况表明,中国北方草原沙漠化发展以人类活动占主导地位,且以斑块状向连片发展为主要形式,其中围绕居民点和水源的沙漠化发展最为突出。实践表明,科学管理人类活动完全可以减缓甚至恢复中国北方草原区的沙漠化土地。     

Combining rate-controlled porosimetry and NMR to probe full-range pore throat structures and their evolution features in tight sands: A case study in the Songliao Basin,China

To better understand reservoir quality and to produce accurate petrophysical interpretations, it is necessary to understand complex and heterogeneous pore throat structures in tight sands and to develop a technique to reveal the full range of pore and throat distributions. In this study, in order to characterize the features and evolutions of pore throat structures, nine samples from the Lower Cretaceous tight gas sandstone in the Songliao Basin of China are measured by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), rate-controlled porosimetry (RCP) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Throats with bifractal structures are found in these tight sands and can be divided into a backbone formation (BF) region and a percolation region using RCP data. Because (i) throats in the percolation region record treelike pore structures and are predominant in small pore spaces and (ii) a good correlation exists between NMR-derived T₂ relaxation times and the RCP-derived radius of throats, the throat distribution obtained via RCP can be used to calibrate the NMR PSD and then to partition the PSD into distributions of pore bodies and throats. These data indicate that (i) throats are more common than pore bodies in pore spaces of tight sands with lower permeability, (ii) pore bodies are connected to throats from both the BF and percolation regions, in which the fluid mobility in pore bodies is mainly controlled by the pore to throat ratio (PTR), which is related to the intersection throat of these two regions, and (iii) compaction, dissolution, clay cementation and sediment properties (e.g., rock compositions) have different impacts on the evolutions of pore bodies and throats, in which larger PTR values in tight sands are mainly produced by compaction and pore-bridging clay cementation, and lower contents of pore bodies are commonly related to abundant plastic compositions and pore-bridging clay cementation.     

Mobile policies and policy streams: The case of smart metering policy in Australia

Geographers have become increasingly engaged with the notion of policy mobility. It is argued that in a globalised world policies have become more internationally mobile: we now live in an era of ‘fast policy’. Drawing on core concepts of mobility, neoliberalisation, and globalisation - and with a background primarily in geography and urban studies - policy mobility scholars have developed new ideas about how policies circulate internationally. In the process, however, theories of policy change developed within political science have been rather overlooked. In this paper it is shown how a political science theory with a shared interest in flows – the Multiple Streams Approach (MSA) – is complementary to policy mobilities scholarship. Two issues in particular are illuminated by the MSA: first, what constitutes policy, and, second, the role of the nation state in structuring the possibilities for, and timing of, policy change. In turn, policy mobilities scholarship highlights the different geographies of the multitude of objects, ideas, problems, processes, organisations, and regulations that constitute policy. It also raises questions about the validity of analytically separating politics from policy proposals, as advocated by the MSA. These issues are considered using the empirical case of smart electricity metering policy in Australia, in the period 2000–2015.     

Border geostrategies: Imagining and administering New Zealand's post‐World War One borders

Abstract: This paper examines the emergence of an administrative apparatus designed to filter, and in some cases, exclude certain classes of international traveller at the New Zealand border following the end of World War One (WWI). Drawing on Walters’ (2004) ideas of ‘geostrategies’, and specifically focusing on the abolishment of permits for movement across the Tasman Sea, the Undesirable Immigrants Exclusion Act 1919 and the Immigration Restriction Amendment Act 1920, the paper argues that this apparatus was characterized by shifting calculations of risk that shaped international mobility through New Zealand in profoundly uneven ways.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed is the article: Small-State Security in the Balkans . Aurel Braun. South American Development: A Geographical Introduction . Rosemary D. F. Bromley and Ray Bromley. Interregional Migration, National Policy and Social Justice . Gordon L. Clark. Marketing Architectural and Engineering Services . Weld Coxe. A Geography of the Third World . J. P. Dickenson, C. G. Clarke, W. T. S. Gould, R. M. Prothero, D. J. Siddle, C. T. Smith, E. M. Thomas-Hope, and A. G. Hodgkiss. Wildlife and Man in Texas: Environmental Change and Conservation . Robin W. Doughty. At the Sea's Edge . William T. Fox. Englewood Cliffs Geography and Ecology . I. P. Gerasimov. Urbanization in Contemporary Latin America. Critical Approaches to the Analysis of Urban Issues . Alan Gilbert in association with Jorge E. Hardoy and Ronaldo Ramírez, eds. The Coming of the Transactional City . Jean Gottmann. College Park Visions of City and Country: Prints and Photographs of Nineteenth-Century France . Bonnie L. Grad and Timothy A. Riggs. Worcester Soviet Geography Today: Physical Geography . N. A. Gvozdetskiy, ed. Adaptive Responses of Native Amazonians . Raymond B. Hames and William T. Vickers, eds. Urban and Regional Industrial Research: The Changing UK Data Base . Michael Healey, ed. Cuando se Acaban los Montes . Stanley Heckadon Moreno. A Panama Forest and Shore: Natural History and Amerindian Culture in Bocas del Toro . Burton L. Gordon. Pacific Grove Mozambique: From Colonialism to Revolution, 1900–1982 . Allen Isaacman and Barbara Isaacman. Soviet Natural Resources in the World Economy . Robert G. Jensen, Theodore Shabad, and Arthur W. Wright, eds. The Changing Geography of the United Kingdom . R. J. Johnston and J. C. Doornkamp, eds. Pluralism and Political Geography—People, Territory and State . Nurit Kliot and Stanley Waterman, eds. Landmarks Preservation and the Property Tax . David Listokin. Irrigation Horticulture in Highland Guatemala: The Tablón System of Panajachel . Kent Mathewson. Her Space, Her Place: A Geography of Women . Mary Ellen Mazey and David R. Lee. Man, A Geomorphological Agent . Dov Nir. Dordrecht The Book of America: Inside the 50 States Today . Neal R. Peirce and Jerry Hagstrom. Rivers . Geoffrey E. Petts. Proceedings, United States/Australia Workshop on Design and Implementation of Computer-Based Geographic Information Systems . Donna Peuquet and John O'Callaghan, eds. Outdoor Recreational and Resource Management . John Pigram. Remaking the City: Social Science Perspectives on Urban Design . John S. Pipkin, Mark La Gory and Judith R. Blau, eds. The Crust of Our Earth: An Armchair Traveler's Guide to the New Geology . Chet Raymo. Englewood Cliffs Concepts and Themes in the Regional Geography of Canada J. Lewis Robinson. Vancouver Secondary Cities in Developing Countries: Policies for Diffusing Urbanization . Dennis A. Rondinelli. Beverly Hills Legal Foundations of Environmental Planning , Vol 1. J. G. Rose. Can We Delay a Greenhouse Warming? Stephen Seidel and Dale Keyes. Mobilizing Human Resources in the Arab World . R. Paul Shaw. Prairie Mosaic: An Ethnic Atlas of Rural North Dakota . William C. Sherman. The Future of Conflict in the 1980s . William J. Taylor, Jr. and Steven A. Maaranen, eds. The Visual Display of Quantitative Information . Edward R. Tufte. U.S. 40 Today: Thirty Years of landscape Change in America . Thomas R. Vale and Geraldine R. Vale. Madison Silent Violence: Food, Famine and Peasantry in Northern Nigeria . Michael Watts. Readings in Historic Preservation: Why? What? How? Norman Williams Jr., Edmund Kellogg and Frank Gilbert, eds.