勉县—略阳蛇绿混杂岩带镁铁质—安山质火山岩块年龄和该带构造演化的复杂性

位于南秦岭略阳—勉县—镇巴高川一线的勉略蛇绿混杂岩带一般认为形成于印支期,但笔者研究表明,除存在印支期的岩块外,也存在大量晋宁期的变质镁铁质火山岩块和岛弧火山岩块:1略阳三岔具岛弧火山岩性质的变质安山质火山岩的Sm-Nd等时年龄为873±71(2σ)Ma,INd=0.511796±67(2σ),MSWD0.73;2勉县安子山类似N-MORB洋壳碎片的变质镁铁质火山岩块的Sm-Nd等时年龄为877±78(2σ)Ma,INd=0.51190±10(2σ),MSWD0.93;3出露于略阳庄科轻稀土强烈亏损蛇绿岩块,虽然其Nd同位素组成分散,不形成等时线,但是其高场强大离子不相容微量元素与勉县安子山变质镁铁质火山岩具有十分类似地球化学特征,它们可能是大致同时,由类似源区形成的。这些事实表明,勉略蛇绿构造混杂岩带是复杂的,可能是多期构造事件叠加复合构造活动带。     

苏鲁超高压变质带西北缘五莲断裂外侧浅变质花岗片麻岩的地球化学特征与原岩成因研究

五莲杂岩中的正片麻岩主要为正长花岗质片麻岩，少数石英正长质片麻岩，具有适度碱性的演化趋势。以贫CaO、低MgO、高Na2O为特征，岩石中虽然碱度较高，但仍属较强过铝型。这套正片麻岩还表现为较强的轻、重稀土元素分馏程度和强的负Eu异常，尤以强烈富集大离子亲石元素（Rb、Ba、Th、U、K)和亏损高场强元素Ti、Zr、Hf．Nb、Ta(部分样品中Zr、Hf除外)，明显的Ba、P负异常为显著特征。岩石地球化学的总体特征与苏鲁造山带内的花岗质片麻岩有一定的可比性，而与华北克拉通内的前寒武纪正片麻岩明显不同。推测五莲地区正片麻岩的原岩是晚元古代由大陆下地壳富钾的变质玄武质组分部分熔融形成的，母岩浆的演化主要表现为以长石(奥长石和钾长石)的分离结晶为主，其中可能还有少量黑云母和角闪石，以及副矿物锆石和磷灰石的分离结晶。     

论夹皮沟地区金矿床的花岗岩浆热液成因

夹皮沟地区金矿床已有三十余年的研究历史,但关于金矿床的成因问题依然是众说纷纭。笔者利用大量的地质地球化学标志,论证了金矿脉与岩脉及岩脉与海西期花岗岩间的同源性,建立起夹皮沟地区海西期岩浆岩脉与金矿脉的形成演化序列。根据金矿脉与花岗岩之间明显的地球化学相似性,进而直接地证明了夹皮沟地区金矿床属花岗岩浆热液成因。     

天山古生代增生造山作用及其构造转换事件

天山造山带自新元古代以来，经历了漫长而复杂的俯冲增生造山作用和陆内构造活化过程，属于典型的复合型造山带。基于近年研究进展，本文对伊犁、境内外中天山和南天山构造带前寒武纪基底、古生代沉积序列、多期陆缘弧岩浆岩和构造缝合带的变形变质特征、形成环境和年代学等进行了总结分析，梳理了天山古生代增生造山作用中的三次重要构造转换事件及其地质记录。① 伊犁南北两缘、中天山、南天山和塔里木北缘，均发育中奥陶世—志留纪的大陆弧岩浆作用，伊犁北缘、南天山 塔里木北部早古生代沉积环境发生显著变化，表明天山 塔里木北缘在中—晚奥陶世发生了从被动陆缘向活动陆缘的转换。② 伊犁南、北两缘和中天山的早古生代岩层在晚志留世—早泥盆世普遍发生了强烈的韧性变形和角闪岩相变质作用，其上不整合覆盖有弱变形未变质的晚泥盆世—石炭纪火山 沉积地层；该区域不整合是哈萨克斯坦微大陆拼合事件在研究区的构造响应，也标志着准噶尔洋和南天山洋的俯冲方式在泥盆纪发生了由前进式（东太平洋型）向后撤式（西太平洋型）的构造转换，导致伊犁和中天山在晚泥盆世—石炭纪经历了伸展背景下的大陆弧岩浆作用，在南天山 塔里木北缘则形成了一系列弧后有限洋盆。③ 天山各构造单元及其边界缝合带中普遍发育晚石炭世逆冲推覆构造和二叠纪走滑韧性剪切带、晚石炭世—早二叠世滑塌堆积和二叠纪后造山岩浆岩，指示晚石炭世—早二叠世发生了由汇聚造山向陆内构造的转换。这些构造转换事件是认识古亚洲洋各分支洋盆从初始俯冲、俯冲方式转换到俯冲终结过程的基础，也是探讨增生造山动力学的关键。     

马尼干戈盆地河流阶地特征及其构造成因

马尼干戈第四系盆地河流阶地具有"砾石分选、磨圆差,分层结构不明显"的物质组成、"沿玉曲河南岸单侧发育、具菱形状阶地"的分布和形态及"第Ⅲ级阶地因次第升降而裂解"的构造特征等。因此推断马尼干戈盆地可能是区域上三大构造单元—"南部义敦群域辗掩系统(义敦岛弧带)、中部结合群域原地系统(甘孜-理塘结合带北段)和北部西康群域辗掩系统(西康群)"晚近期不均衡抬升(块断升降)引起局部断陷成盆、并叠加左行走滑拉分而形成的。这一发现对松潘-甘孜造山带第四纪新构造期活动的研究具有重要意义。     

Uplift-denudation history of the Qinling orogen: Constrained from the detrital-zircon U–Pb geochronology

This paper presents a great number of detrital zircon U–Pb ages from the Middle Triassic to the Middle Jurassic sediments in the Jiyuan basin, southern North China. The results represent age spectra from 2.9 Ga to 216 Ma, with five peaks at 2.5 Ga, 1.9 Ga, 840 Ma, 440 Ma, and 270 Ma and two grains of ∼220 Ma. The ages of 2.5 Ga and 1.9 Ga are mainly derived from the Precambrian basement of the North China Block, whereas the others are typical characteristics of the Qinling orogenic belt. An important observation is that the Qinling-sourced detrital zircons become older as the strata get younger. Samples from the Middle Triassic to early Late Triassic strata are characterized by the age peak at 270 Ma, whereas the Late Late Triassic to Early Middle Jurassic samples are dominated by age peaks at 840 Ma and 440 Ma and minor grains within 800–650 Ma. Two grains of ∼220 Ma are preserved in the Late Middle Jurassic sample, which may be contributed by the Carnian deep plutons. These signatures indicate that the unroofing pattern of the Qinling orogenic belt developed by the denudation of materials from young covers to old basements and the Carnian deep plutons. Integrated with the data reported from the Hefei Basin, it is well-established that the intensity of unroofing increased from the Qinling to the Dabie orogen in the Early Jurassic, and the denudation timing of the ultra-high pressure (UHP) and high pressure (HP) rocks or Carnian plutons changed successively from the Early Jurassic in the Dabie to the Late Middle Jurassic in the Qinling orogen.     

Re-assessment of the northern Guinean “Koubia–Lessere unconformity” (KLU): Consequences on the geological correlations throughout West Africa

New radiometric data from recent cartographic projects (2007, 2010) lead to a re-interpretation of the “Koubia–Lessere Unconformity” (KLU). This unconformity is evidenced in the Bassaride Ranges (northern Guinea) and in two western inliers (Tominé and Kemberra). The KLU was previously correlated with the main unconformity (Jbeliat unconformity [JU]) separating the lower “super group 1” from the middle “super group 2” of the large Taoudeni basin. Consequently, the brecciated level (partly glaciogenic) that underlines the “KLU” was correlated with the “tillitic” level located at the base of the super group 2. The latter is linked to the worldwide “Marinhoan” glacial event (650–635 Ma). However, 32 recently published U/Pb age data on detrital or new formed zircons show clearly that the Bassarides groups (ante KLU), deformed and slightly metamorphosed by the Panafrican-II orogen, belong to the super group 2 of the Taoudeni basin. Consequently, the overlying “Koubia–Lessere unconformity” (KLU) cannot be linked to the “Jbeliats unconformity” (JU) that separates the super groups 1 and 2 in the Taoudeni basin. The KLU is younger than the Panafrican-II orogen and probably younger than the last volcanic basaltic flows (492 Ma) outcropping in the Bassaride belt. Consequently, the glaciogenic levels that outcrop in the KLU should be distinguished from the numerous “Marinhoan” glacial levels of West Africa. This new KLU interpretation implies some important changes in the stratigraphic correlations and interpretations all over the West African domain.     

南秦岭刘岭群砂岩碎屑锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄及其构造意义

秦岭造山带的构造演化是理解华北与扬子陆块缝合过程的关键,位于商丹断裂带以南的刘岭群是揭示秦岭造山带晚古生代构造演化历史的重要窗口。采用LA-ICP-MS对刘岭群3个变质砂岩样品中的碎屑锆石进行了U-Th-Pb同位素测定,获得最年轻的一组年龄区间为377~395Ma,主要年龄峰值约为442Ma、780~850Ma和900~970Ma,表明刘岭群沉积时代可以持续到晚泥盆世,物质来源于北秦岭构造带。结合刘岭群北侧武关杂岩的最新研究成果可以确定,刘岭群和武关杂岩共同构成了华北陆块南缘中—晚泥盆世弧前盆地的沉积序列,暗示古秦岭洋的最终闭合发生在泥盆纪之后,而华北与扬子陆块碰撞的主缝合线应位于刘岭群的南侧。     

Crustal thickness and VP/VS variations in the Grenville orogen (Ontario, Canada) from analysis of teleseismic receiver functions

We have developed a simple semblance-weighted stacking technique to estimate crustal thickness and average V_P/V_S ratio using teleseismic receiver functions. We have applied our method to data from 32 broadband seismograph stations that cover a 700 × 400 km² region of the Grenville orogen, a 1.2–0.98 Ga Himalayan-scale collisional belt in eastern North America. Our seismograph network partly overlaps with Lithoprobe and other crustal refraction surveys. In 8 out of 9 cases where a crustal-refraction profile passes within 30 km of a seismograph station, the two independent crustal thickness estimates agree to within 7%. Our regional crustal-thickness model, constructed using both teleseismic and refraction observations, ranges between 34.0 and 52.4 km. Crustal-thickness trends show a strong correlation with geological belts, but do not correlate with surface topography and are far in excess of relief required to maintain local isostatic equilibrium. The thickest crust (52.4 ± 1.7 km) was found at a station located within the 1.1 Ga mid-continent (failed) rift. The Central Gneiss Belt, which contains rocks exhumed from deep levels of the crust, is characterized by V_P/V_S ranging from 1.78 to 1.85. In other parts of the Grenville orogen, V_P/V_S is found to be generally less than 1.80. The thinnest crust (34.5–37.0 km) occurs northeast of the 0.7 Ga Ottawa–Bonnechere graben and correlates with areas of high intraplate seismicity.     

The Neoproterozoic continental rift magmatism of the eastern Jiangnan orogen: new evidence from the mafic sheets in northern Zhejiang Province,South China

Massive mafic sheets were recently recognized intruding the Neoproterozoic strata in Fuyang area, eastern Jiangnan orogen. Geochronological, geochemical, and isotopic studies were carried out to understand their mantle source, crust–mantle interaction, and tectonic setting. LA-ICP-MS U-Pb zircon data indicate that the sheets were generated at 808 ± 7 Ma. The mafic sheets consist of two groups: high Ti and low Ti. They are enriched in light rare earth elements (LREE; 3.3–5.3 ppm) and show negligible Eu anomalies (δEu = 0.77–1.12). They also have strong large-ion lithophile element (LILE; Sr, K, Rb, Ba) enrichment, moderately strong high-field-strength element (HFSE) enrichment (except for Nb-Ta depletion), and positive εNd(t) (5.1–9.1). Geochemical and isotopic data indicate that the mafic sheets were generated from a depleted asthenospheric mantle source. The high-Ti mafic sheets have higher HFSE contents and less Nb-Ta depletion than the low Ti series, indicating a lower degree of partial melting and crustal contamination. The mafic sheets grew in a within-plate setting, concurrent with the ~820–750 Ma rifting events in the eastern Jiangnan orogen. They are likely related to the breakup of the Rodinia supercontinent.