Ecological restoration, cultural preferences and the negotiation of ‘nativeness’ in Australia

The paper addresses cultural assumptions about ‘nativeness’ and ‘belonging’ to place as they are implicated in notions of ‘ecological restoration’. Given the centrality of complex notions of ‘indigeneity’ to the issue of what ecological ‘restoration’ means in Australia, this is a rich area for cultural and historical analysis. Case materials illustrate the negotiated and ambiguous nature of Australian ideas about what ‘belongs’ ecologically and culturally across the broad continent of this relatively young post-Settler nation. We seek to foreground these issues through consideration of what ‘restoring’ nature might mean in the context of debates about native plants, the re-introduction of an iconic species of ground dwelling bird, the removal of cane toads that are demonised as highly ‘alien’, and the multiple ways in which the dingo is regarded ambiguously as both native and a ‘pest’ that needs to be controlled and culled. By showing how ‘restoration’ can be understood and mobilised in a variety of ways – in terms of the ‘re-naturing’, ‘re-valuing’ and/or ‘repatriating’ of indigenous species, as well as impassioned rejection of ‘exotics’ – we emphasise the importance of social science for building a well-grounded sense of how environmental management priorities and approaches are informed by a wider set of cultural assumptions.     

仰韶文化人类遗骸古DNA的初步研究

近20年来, 古DNA研究技术和方法已迅猛发展.目前从古人类残骸中获取DNA序列, 进而讨论人类的演化、亲缘关系和迁移成为分子人类学的一个重要方向.本研究对采自陕西临潼仰韶文化6 000多年前的姜寨遗址第一期和第二期文化层中的古人类残骸进行古DNA提取、扩增和测序, 获得了169 bp的线粒体高变控制区Ⅰ的古DNA片段, 与现代西安人同源性序列有2个位点的突变.另外, 通过在不同实验室进行重复性实验和系统发育分析等方法详细地论证了所获得的DNA序列的可靠性.在所研究的6个姜寨遗址样品中有3个样品获得古DNA序列, 古DNA的提取成功率为50%, 高于一般的古DNA研究材料的提取率, 说明姜寨遗址的人类残骸是研究古DNA的理想材料, 为今后从分子水平上研究姜寨遗址及其他同地区仰韶文化遗址的古人类墓葬及中国古人类分子演化关系奠定了基础.      

增城旅游区文脉和旅游品牌营造

对文脉的概念、组成和作用作了概述和提炼.从增城旅游资源普查而得的旅游资源单体构成中,分析和提炼出增城旅游文脉与仙姑为代表的八仙文化有不解之缘,建议建设增城神仙文化总体旅游品牌,营造"北有蓬莱三岛,南有增城九重"的八仙文化氛围,恢复、重建一些有历史文化价值的景区景点.围绕增城古老而深厚的文化底蕴进行资源整合,打造一批"来此必游"的旅游产品.     

浅谈我国高校开设民俗类公共选修课的意义

在分析民俗类公共选修课在高校中受欢迎的原因的基础上，探讨了高校开设民俗类公共选修课的意义：（1）学习民俗文化是高校毕业生参与未来国际竞争的需要；（2）让学生了解民俗文化潜在的强制性、规范性和宣泄性；（3）增强学生的民族自豪感和荣誉感；（4）培养高校学生的“和合”观念；（5）帮助学生形成正确的世界观、人生观和价值观等。     

黄河中游渑池盆地湖泊沉积记录的古气候变化及其意义

渑池盆地位于黄河中游,处在黄土高原向华北平原的过渡地带,该区域也是我国东部湿润区和半湿润区的交汇地带。文章通过对位于渑池盆地池底村厚约4mm古湖泊沉积剖面进行了 ¹⁴ C 年代(校正为日历年龄)、有机碳含量、粒度和地球化学元素组成等测试分析,重建了研究区19.5cal.kaB.P.以来的气候变化过程。19543~9240cal.aB.P.期间,气候比较干旱,风化淋溶作用较弱,湖泊尚未形成; 9240~8039cal.aB.P.为气候过渡时期,气候向暖湿方向转变,古湖泊开始形成; 8039~5368cal.aB.P.为暖湿气候类型,对应于全新世大暖期的鼎盛时期,湖盆流域温暖湿润,湖泊的水位较高; 5368~3439cal.aB.P.为亚暖湿气候类型; 3439~2423cal.aB.P.气候环境比较恶劣,之后气候向干旱化方向发展,又分为两个亚段: 3439~2931cal.aB.P.气候出现剧烈波动,2931~2423cal.aB.P.湖泊干枯。盆地的文化演进与环境变化间存在着耦合关系,环境的变化对应黄河中游地区相继发展的裴李岗文化、仰韶文化、龙山文化和夏商文化。     

桃源文化旅游探究——以常德桃花源为例

从解读陶渊明《桃花源记》入手,通过大量文献资料的查阅,对桃源是否存在及其发源地的南、北之争等问题进行历史脉络的梳理和探讨,提出桃源文化旅游的概念。对桃源文化旅游资源进行分类和对比,认为桃源文化的核心是桃源意境,即仙化田园,其由村民、村庄和村田3村要素构成,常德桃花源是我国历史最久、文物价值最高、保存规模最大的桃源文化遗存,在我国桃源文化中具有代表性。通过对桃源意境与乡村旅游金字塔模型的对比分析,认为从发生的年代性和内涵的一致性看,桃源意境是乡村旅游的原型;为保护和弘扬民族传统文化,将常德桃花源作为非物质文化传承的载体并申报国家非物质文化遗产具有现实和科学意义。最后,以常德桃花源为例,探讨如何建设大桃花源和实施桃源常德区域旅游发展战略以及打造常德桃源文化旅游品牌。     

地方性与传承：宜兴紫砂文化的地理品牌与变迁

全球化背景下,随着人文地理学对空间的认识不断加深,本土标志性地方品牌的地理学研究显得十分必要。以中国宜兴为案例研究地,从地理品牌的构建来考察宜兴地区特有的紫砂文化生产活动,揭示地理因素在赋予地方品牌深层意义的机制中发挥的作用。通过紫砂文化地理核心的变迁分析,探析地理品牌动态化的传承中如何增加历史文化价值,揭示地方性特点...     

Theories of practices: Agency, technology, and culture : Exploring the relevance of practice theories for the governance of sustainable consumption practices in the new world-order

Within the environmental social sciences, theories of practices are used by an increasing number of authors to analyze the greening of consumption in the new, global order of reflexive modernity. The use of practices as key methodological units for research and governance is suggested as a way to avoid the pitfalls of the individualist and systemic paradigms that dominated the field of sustainable consumption studies for some decades. With the help of practice theory, environmental governance can be renewed in three particular ways: First, the role and responsibilities (not) to be assigned to individual citizen-consumers in environmental change can be specified. Secondly, objects, technologies and infrastructures can be recognized for their crucial contribution to climate governance without lapsing into technological determinism. Third, the cultural framing of sustainability can be enriched by looking into the forms of excitement generated in shared practices of sustainable consumption. We conclude by discussing the need to investigate the globalization of practices from a post-national perspective in both science and policy.     

浙江田螺山遗址古盐度及其环境背景同河姆渡文化演化的关系(英文)

Paleosalinity records of the Tianluoshan site are derived from measurations data of clay mineral,boron,strontium,barium,after field sampling in three profiles of the Tianluoshan site.The relative sea level changes are discussed according to the lab results.The record indicates that the region where the Tianluoshan site located has witnessed at least three times of relative sea level high-stand before,during and after the Hemudu period.Based on previous researches,this paper also focuses on discussing severa...     

Fforest Fawr Geopark—a UNESCO Global Geopark distinguished by its geological,industrial and cultural heritage

The creation of the European Geoparks Network in 2000 was followed by the establishment of the Global Geoparks Network in 2004, incorporating the European Geoparks Network. On November 17, 2015, UNESCO sanctioned the creation of a new designation, the UNESCO Global Geoparks, as part of UNESCO’s new International Geoscience and Geoparks Programme (IGGP). This is the first initiative of its kind to be established by UNESCO for 40 years and is the result of effective networking among geoparks and their partners aiming to achieve significant progress in geo-conservation, geotourism, environmental education and sustainable local development.Geoparks are located primarily in rural areas which are both remote and underdeveloped or which have experienced economic decline. In order to become a UNESCO Global Geopark, a geopark must demonstrate that it has a significant geological heritage, has well defined boundaries and is large enough to support a sustainable strategy for economic development based upon that heritage. In addition to its geology, a geopark should also make use of sites of archaeological, ecological, historical or cultural significance as these are often linked to the underlying geology. The ultimate objective of a UNESCO Global Geopark is to use the designation as a vehicle to engage communities in protecting these assets in ways which contribute to the economic development of their territory.The Fforest Fawr Geopark, the first geopark in Wales, became a member of the European and Global Geoparks Networks in 2005 and a UNESCO Global Geopark in 2015. The geopark was established in the western area of the Brecon Beacons National Park because that area has a strong identity in terms of its geology and Welsh industrial and cultural heritage. In addition, while the eastern area of the National Park was a more popular tourist destination, the area designated as the geopark was less well known, more remote in character, and economically less prosperous.The geopark’s approximately 480 million year geological heritage provides a resource for developing geotourism and for educational activities. Nearly 11,500 years of human activity created a cultural landscape in which ancient monuments contrast with the relicts of industrial activity. With the coming of the Industrial Revolution the geological resources of Fforest Fawr were systematically exploited for over 200 years to supply South Wales’s expanding metal industry. During this time mining, quarrying and brick making contributed to wealth creation and South Wales was a major player in the new industrial age which changed the world. The area of Fforest Fawr Geopark, with its close association to the South Wales Coalfield played a significant role in global industrial history.In addition, the rich culture of the geopark’s early inhabitants comes to life in myths and legends and some of Europe’s oldest stories and myths are associated with the area of Fforest Fawr Geopark.