论海洋文化及其与海洋经济的关系

从哲学的角度 ,探讨了海洋文化的概念和构成 ,论述了海洋经济和海洋文化的关系。同时指出 ,正确处理海洋经济和海洋文化的关系 ,对发展海洋经济具有重要意义。     

Feeding habits of Solea senegalensis in earthen ponds in Sado estuary

The senegale sole, Solea senegalensis Kaup, 1858, is a commercially valuable fish and it is beginning to be cultured in a semi-intensive way in fish farms in southern European countries. The present study was initiated to investigate the diet of S. senegalensis under semi-extensive conditions. The feeding habits of sole were studied in two earthen ponds of a fish farm in the Sado estuary. In one earthen pond, artificial fish ration was given. S. senegalensis feeds on few prey items, its diet is mainly composed of insect larvae (Chironomus salinarus) and polychaeta (Hediste diversicolor). The diet composition of this species suggests feeding specialization, by consuming mainly annelids and insect larvae and by avoiding other items, extremely abundant in the environment, such as gastropods. In the water reservoir where ration was given, some fish consumed simultaneously benthic organism together with ration. However, benthic organisms seem to be the most important component of S. senegalensis diet.     

Cultures of lights

This paper is part of a larger project, looking at electricity access in rural India. For the project, a nine months long ethnographic research was carried out in five villages in Bihar, an eastern state of India. It involved looking at various sources of light – grid electricity, solar lanterns, biomass micro-grids and kerosene oil. The paper tries to understand, and explain, the cultural notions that dictate peoples’ specific lighting practices and lighting practices that propagate particular cultural notions. The paper argues that, through the mediation of materiality, light cultures (cultivates and propagates) culture and culture cultures light. It does this by engaging with three key ideas. First, it argues that light has a critical role in establishing and reinforcing honour. Following this, it examines light’s role in hospitality. Lastly, it connects light to the religious beliefs among Hindus, and looks at how culture affects the materiality of light. The paper approaches what light does and what it means as emerging from a material-culture assemblage, which embodies the external and the internal, the political and the productive, the corporal and the conceptual, the material, moral, and the sensible. From this, light emerges with dual – material and non-material – properties, as it interacts with culture.     

Relationships between String Bag Craft Distributions,Language and Geographical Distance in the Upper Sepik and Border Mountains of Papua New Guinea

This paper describes analyses involving patterned string bags collected in the upper Sepik in Papua New Guinea. The Mantel test and correspondence analysis were used to explore whether variability in craft repertoires exhibits any covariance with the region's complex linguistic picture, and if so, whether this relationship is more significant than any spatial autocorrelation the data may exhibit. Bag construction techniques exhibited strong spatial autocorrelation, while for colour patterns the effect was weaker. An effect for language remained for both dependents after statistical control, but colour pattern characteristics had a slightly stronger association with language overall. The weaker spatial autocorrelation for colour pattern variability is argued to be due to higher rates of dissemination facilitated by the visibility of the patterns and their compatibility with a broad range of construction techniques. The effect for language, on the other hand, is argued to have resulted from of a higher rate of inter-settlement migration along a particular stretch of the Sepik where people speak the same language.     

淀粉粒分析揭示的河南唐户遗址裴李岗文化古人类植物性食物资源利用

本文利用淀粉粒分析方法对河南唐户遗址(约7.8～7.0ka B.P.)出土的裴李岗文化时期6件石磨盘、2件石磨棒和8件陶炊器残片表面附着残留物进行了分析,共提取到6类不同形态的淀粉粒,鉴定结果显示有分别来自小麦族(Triticeae)、粟(Setaria italica)、水稻(Oryza sativa)、栎属(Quercus)、莲属(Nelumbo)以及未知种属的淀粉粒.石磨盘、石磨棒表面附着淀粉粒种类的多样性表明该类工具在当时被用于加工多种需要碾磨或脱壳的植物果实或块根块茎.粟、水稻、小麦族及栎属等淀粉粒的同时发现也表明,农业种植和采集是唐户先民获取植物性食物资源的主要途径.此外,根据粟的淀粉粒在实验选取样品表面普遍出现的情况,同时结合邻近的贾湖遗址植物考古和生产工具研究结果来看,以粟种植为主,水稻种植为辅的农业生产活动可能已成为唐户先民经济活动的主体.     

澳大利亚旅华客源市场特征与拓展分析

2011年至2012年是澳大利亚首届“中国文化年”,研究澳大利亚旅华客源市场十分有现实意义。文章基于连续多年的大量统计资料,从历史发展阶段、人口统计学特征、入境方式、在华旅行方式、人均消费和平均停留时间、年内时间分布规律、空间分布规律等七方面分析了澳大利亚旅华客源市场特征,并得出与已有文献不同的研究结论。结合中澳两国的最新政策,文章最后从旅游领域交往、旅游宣传推广和旅游服务质量三方面提出了市场拓展建议。     

骨骼同位素揭示的天山南麓中部地区察吾呼文化人群生业模式——以和静县莫呼查汗遗址为例

察吾呼文化是青铜时代晚期至早期铁器时代新疆天山中部地区一支非常重要的考古学文化类型,尽管发现和发掘的该文化遗存较多,但针对该文化人群的生业模式的研究尚待深入.本研究选取了位于天山南麓中部的和静县莫呼查汗墓地以及遗址出土的人和动物骨骼材料进行碳氮稳定同位素分析,以揭示距今约3000年前该区域居民的食谱构成和生业模式形态....     

郑和下西洋与15世纪前后中西海洋文化价值取向比较

郑和作为 15世纪世界航海事业的启幕人 ,其航海壮举标志着中国海洋文化发展到中国历史的一个颠峰。之后 ,西方海洋文化的发展 ,成为欧洲资本主义工业化的历史前奏。中国海洋文化的衰弱 ,为近代中国历史定势埋下伏笔。 15世纪前后 ,中西海洋文化的生存价值取向、经济价值取向和人文价值取向具有不同的特征 ,这使得一直雄踞人类海洋文化前列的中国海洋文化 ,最后被西方海洋文化取代。     

魏晋南北朝山水文化的分支

魏晋南北朝时期,中国山水文化的发展促使山水文学真正确立,并形成了三个分支,其一是以隐逸文化为基础的田园诗歌;其二是以旅游文化为基础的山水诗歌;其三则是以贵族文化为基础的别业文化。这三个分支共同构成了中国山水文化的渊源。     

The role of culture and traditional knowledge in climate change adaptation: Insights from East Kimberley,Australia

Indigenous peoples offer alternative knowledge about climate variability and change based on their own locally developed knowledges and practices of resource use. In this article we discuss the role of traditional ecological knowledge in monitoring and adapting to changing environmental conditions. Our case study documents a project to record the seasonal knowledge of the Miriwoong people in northern Australia. The study demonstrates how indigenous groups’ accumulate detailed baseline information about their environment to guide their resource use and management, and develop worldviews and cultural values associated with this knowledge. We highlight how traditional ecological knowledge plays a critical role in mediating indigenous individuals and communities’ understandings of environmental changes in the East Kimberley region of north-west Australia, and how these beliefs may influence future decision-making about how to go about adapting to climate change at a local level.